作者：
Phang, James M.NCI
Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab Frederick MD 21701 USA
The idea that proline, the only proteogenic secondary amino acid, has special metabolic and regulatory features has increasingly found adherents. Because its alpha-nitrogen is within the pyrrolidine ring, proline cann...
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The idea that proline, the only proteogenic secondary amino acid, has special metabolic and regulatory features has increasingly found adherents. Because its alpha-nitrogen is within the pyrrolidine ring, proline cannot be substrate for generic amino acid-metabolizing enzymes. Instead, a paradigm of enzymes with their special tissue and subcellular localizations and regulatory mechanisms participates in a metabolically exceptional system. Increasingly, the regulatory functions of this system are being discovered.
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess smoking prevention and cessation education delivered as part of the UK National Curriculum and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of health, social influence and other/no...
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This cross-sectional study aimed to assess smoking prevention and cessation education delivered as part of the UK National Curriculum and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of health, social influence and other/non-health components. In all, 1789 students aged 11-15 from 12 secondary schools completed online surveys assessing smoking status, factors known to be related to smoking and experience of smoking education. A total of 1421 of 1722 (83%) students remembered some school-based education. Of these, 803 (57%) said that the lessons changed their ideas about smoking. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess whether lesson recall was associated with smoking status in a model adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, family and best friend smoking status, socioeconomic status, and school. Quitters were more likely than smokers to report having changed their ideas about smoking as a result of a lesson (OR 5.78, 95% CI 2.44-13.72). The relative effectiveness of 16 lesson themes was assessed. Significantly more students changed their ideas about smoking as a result of 'health' compared with 'social influence' (chi(2) (1) 124.0, P < 0.001) or 'other/non-health' (chi(2) (1) 63.16, P < 0.001) topics. Mouth cancer was the most effective health topic and may provide a suitable model for both smoking and risky drinking prevention.
This article explores the resonance between the work of Rem Koolhaas and that of Oswald Mathias Ungers. It has been suggested that the roots of OMA lie in Berlin, which this article expands upon. The ideas of Koolhaas...
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This article explores the resonance between the work of Rem Koolhaas and that of Oswald Mathias Ungers. It has been suggested that the roots of OMA lie in Berlin, which this article expands upon. The ideas of Koolhaas and Ungers exhibit important parallels throughout the period from 1968-1978, when Koolhaas was a student and later a colleague of O.M. Ungers, beginning with Koolhaas's admission to Cornell in the Autumn of 1972. This period was a formative period in the work of Koolhaas, where many of his ideas on architecture and its relationship to the city took shape. Exploring a number of ideas and projects in the period from 1968-1978 ( from his studies at the Architectural Association through to his time working with Ungers), this article argues that, contrary to popular belief, the formal tools of architecture play a central role in the work of Koolhaas.
Many of us who wear the label "original institutionalise" like to think of John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) as one of us, one of the enlightened few who see the economy as it really is. There is some basis...
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Many of us who wear the label "original institutionalise" like to think of John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) as one of us, one of the enlightened few who see the economy as it really is. There is some basis for this. In the early years of the Association for Evolutionary Economics Galbraith served on the governing board. He received the Association's Veblen-Commons Award. He is twice published on the pages of the Journal of Economic Issues (1977; 1989). Ekelund and Hebert referred to Galbraith as "the institutionalist's popularizer" (1997, 429). Given the breadth of his intellectual scope, it may be too much of a stretch to once-and-forever affix the institutionalist label to Galbraith. Still, there is no denying that his ideas and the ideas we call institutionalist have significant overlap. It is less of a stretch to argue that he was influenced by early institutionalists and to say that he influenced many of us is no stretch at all. As the quote above suggests, perhaps the label is not all that important anyway.
A tenure-track appointment is a wonderful thing, but it really should come with an instruction manual. This article is a loosely-coupled collection of thoughts and advice on surviving a tenure-track appointment. The f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424427086
A tenure-track appointment is a wonderful thing, but it really should come with an instruction manual. This article is a loosely-coupled collection of thoughts and advice on surviving a tenure-track appointment. The focus is on concrete tips and advice for an engineering-school appointment, which was my path, but perhaps some of the ideas are also valid in other environments, such as business schools and mathematics or computer science departments.
By this study, it is aimed to build a general agent framework to simulate human-like intelligence. For this purpose, theories of needs and intentional notion are combined together. To explain motives, Alderfer's n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424425389
By this study, it is aimed to build a general agent framework to simulate human-like intelligence. For this purpose, theories of needs and intentional notion are combined together. To explain motives, Alderfer's needs theory which is based on the ideas of Maslow is adopted. In this manner, it is tried to define the needs of human-beings as the cause of emergence of intelligence. Intelligent entities are considered as entities driven by unsatisfied needs, to satisfy these motives they act intentionally. Based on these ideas, we present an architecture to mimic all aspects of human intelligence.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a planimeter is 'an instrument for measuring the area of a plane figure by tracing its boundary line'. Even without knowing how a planimeter works, it is clear from...
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According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a planimeter is 'an instrument for measuring the area of a plane figure by tracing its boundary line'. Even without knowing how a planimeter works, it is clear from the definition that the idea behind it is that one can compute the area of a figure just by 'walking' on the boundary. For someone who has taken calculus, this immediately suggests Green's Theorem. The aim of this note is to clarify for others why this principle works. We do this by using points of view from linear algebra to elementary plane geometry in order to obtain an intuitive justification for Green's Theorem. As an application, we show how the reader can easily construct a 'software planimeter'. The idea behind this is certainly not original;the formula for the area of a polygon used in this process (see Theorem 1.2 and Remark 1.5 (3)) is surely folklore for experienced programmers (1). What we would like to emphasize is, on the one hand, the beautiful interplay between various branches of mathematics and elementary computer graphics in this case. On the other hand, since our application is (in our view) particularly fun to work with, we hope that this approach can be successfully used in class as an aid in teaching Green's Theorem, or in a calculus lab, or even to show younger and more inexperienced students that sometimes deep mathematical results can be surprisingly accessible and entertaining.
Lee Teng-hui, president of Taiwan from 1988 to 2000, played an important role in launching the widespread nationalism in Taiwan today. Since the end of his presidency, Lee has pushed very hard for a separate Taiwan na...
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Lee Teng-hui, president of Taiwan from 1988 to 2000, played an important role in launching the widespread nationalism in Taiwan today. Since the end of his presidency, Lee has pushed very hard for a separate Taiwan nation, but during his terms of office he moved very cautiously and only announced his "special state-to-state" relationship to describe Taiwan's relations with China after China repeatedly refused to negotiate. Although Lee's efforts at democratization have received widespread affirmation in Taiwan, his efforts in creating Taiwan nationalism have proven more controversial.
In the scope of the IDEAS project to develop General Guidelines for the Assessment of Internal Dose from Monitoring data, two databases were compiled. The IDEAS Bibliography database contains references dealing with p...
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In the scope of the IDEAS project to develop General Guidelines for the Assessment of Internal Dose from Monitoring data, two databases were compiled. The IDEAS Bibliography database contains references dealing with problems related to cases of internal contamination. The IDEAS Internal Contamination database now contains more than 200 cases of internal contamination. In the near future, the IDEAS Internal Contamination database will be made available to the internal dosimetry community. The database has several potential applications, including: training, testing biokinetic models, testing software for calculating intakes and doses from bioassay data, comparison of data from a new accidental intake with that from previous exposures to similar materials. The database is by no means complete, and this presentation is also an appeal for internal contamination cases to extend and update it.
Diego Caramma describes Stefano Boeri''s pervasive influence on architecturalthought in recent years as editor of Domus, exhibition curator and founder of the Multiplicity urbanresearch platform. As he explain...
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Diego Caramma describes Stefano Boeri''s pervasive influence on architecturalthought in recent years as editor of Domus, exhibition curator and founder of the Multiplicity urbanresearch platform. As he explains, Boeri''s significance lies in his ability to confrontcontemporary conditions for architecture rather than just the dissemination of current trends andideas.
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