The article comments on the article 'Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based Approach.' Topics discussed include the argument that the standard view in research ethics is that the function of...
详细信息
The article comments on the article 'Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based Approach.' Topics discussed include the argument that the standard view in research ethics is that the function of informed consent is to respect individual autonomy, the absence of respect for individual autonomy on the authors' list of functions of consent and basic elements of informed consent in the standard view.
In a study of veterinary online continuing education participants looking at professional identity, investigators observed that participants often referred to vets as infallible experts: 'all knowing and free from...
详细信息
In a study of veterinary online continuing education participants looking at professional identity, investigators observed that participants often referred to vets as infallible experts: 'all knowing and free from mistakes and errors' ( Armitage-Chan and others 2016 ).
Despite acknowledging that such an ideal simply wasn't feasible at the coal face of veterinary practice, these vets displayed poor coping skills when it came to managing errors, and were quick to criticise colleagues when exposed to videos depicting lapses in professionalism.
The emphasis on evidence-based medicine and technical skills maintains the focus on the 'ideal vet' as 'someone who knows everything and is highly technically competent' ( Armitage-Chan and others 2016 ).
Reverberation, which is generally caused by sound reflections from walls, ceilings, and floors, can result in severe performance degradation of acoustic applications. Due to a complicated combination of attenuation an...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781538646595
Reverberation, which is generally caused by sound reflections from walls, ceilings, and floors, can result in severe performance degradation of acoustic applications. Due to a complicated combination of attenuation and time-delay effects, the reverberation property is difficult to characterize, and it remains a challenging task to effectively retrieve the anechoic speech signals from reverberation ones. In the present study, we proposed a novel integrated deep and ensemble learning algorithm (IDEA) for speech dereverberation. The IDEA consists of offline and online phases. In the offline phase, we train multiple dereverberation models, each aiming to precisely dereverb speech signals in a particular acoustic environment;then a unified fusion function is estimated that aims to integrate the information of multiple dereverberation models. In the online phase, an input utterance is first processed by each of the dereverberation models. The outputs of all models are integrated accordingly to generate the final anechoic signal. We evaluated the IDEA on designed acoustic environments, including both matched and mismatched conditions of the training and testing data. Experimental results confirm that the proposed IDEA outperforms single deep-neural-network-based dereverberation model with the same model architecture and training data.
The generation of ideas and their implementation are crucial for economic performance. We study this in a model of endogenous growth, where productivity increases with innovation and where the exchange of ideas (techn...
详细信息
The generation of ideas and their implementation are crucial for economic performance. We study this in a model of endogenous growth, where productivity increases with innovation and where the exchange of ideas (technology transfer) allows those with comparative advantage to implement them. Search, bargaining, and commitment frictions impede the idea market, however, reducing efficiency and growth. We characterize optimal policies involving subsidies to innovative and entrepreneurial activity, given both knowledge and search externalities. The role of liquidity is discussed. We show intermediation helps by financing more transactions with fewer assets and, more subtly, by ameliorating holdup problems. We also discuss some evidence.
Core Ideas: We report on the design of a learning environment against the “balance of nature.” Its learning objectives and design criteria were based on the “resilient nature.” Its first version was implemented in...
详细信息
Core Ideas: We report on the design of a learning environment against the “balance of nature.” Its learning objectives and design criteria were based on the “resilient nature.” Its first version was implemented in a case study with 41 non-biology major students. Modifications of the design criteria/learning objectives were based on the results. Using sub-models to simulate an ecosystem's contingent trajectories is one of them. This article reports on the design of a learning environment against the idea of the “balance of nature” (BON) for non-biology major students. Our focus is set on how we shaped and reshaped the learning objectives and design criteria for such a learning environment in the first two phases of our developmental research. In the exploratory phase, we first performed a thorough review of the ecological literature on ecosystems’ function, which led us to use the contemporary idea of the “resilient nature” for shaping our learning objectives (e.g., understanding multiple alternative states). Then, guided by the latter, we shaped our design criteria (e.g., using simulations of ecosystems that perform human-triggered or human-free shifts between alternative stable states) and used them to design the first version of our computer-supported, anti-BON learning environment, theoretically informed by social constructivism and problem-posing approach. In the first research cycle, we performed a pre/post design case study with 41 first-year educational sciences students enrolled for an optional ecology-course, to test whether the learning environment actually promoted the idea of contingency in ecosystems’ behavior. According to our findings, this was not the case. Most of the students (1) found even more appealing the idea that protected nature remains unchanged, and (2) moved from the idea of the “always-recovering” nature to that of the “never-recovering” one. Significant modifications of the design criteria and minor restatements of the learning objectiv
This paper is an attempt to present, in a systematic way, a construction that establishes an interesting relationship between some ideas and notions well known in the theory of integrable systems on Lie algebras and a...
详细信息
The article provides insight into the epistemological and anthropological aspect of the origination of the idea of scientific progress. It focuses on the relationship between individual's limited lifetime and the ...
详细信息
The article provides insight into the epistemological and anthropological aspect of the origination of the idea of scientific progress. It focuses on the relationship between individual's limited lifetime and the immensity of nature. The basic assumption is that the idea of scientific progress offers a solution of the epistemological problem stemming from the finding that there is no (teleological) coincidence between human cognitive abilities and the extent of nature. In order to facilitate the understanding of the origin of the idea of scientific progress, I propose distinction between the descriptive and prescriptive concepts of progress. While the descriptive notion of progress expresses the cumulative character of scientific knowledge and the superiority of the present over preceding generations, the prescriptive concept pertains to progressivist epistemology directing scientific research at the future development of knowledge. This article claims that the prevalent concept in Antiquity was the descriptive concept of scientific progress. The prescriptive notion had developed only in ancient astronomy. Early modern science was faced with similar issues as ancient astronomy mainly the empirical finding related to the inexhaustible character of nature. Consequently to the introduction of the idea of progress, the progress of sciences became a purpose in itself - hence becoming infinite.
In main control rooms of nuclear power plants (NPPs), operators often have to frequently switch their attention between alarm displays and system information displays to incorporate information from different screens....
详细信息
In main control rooms of nuclear power plants (NPPs), operators often have to frequently switch their attention between alarm displays and system information displays to incorporate information from different screens. In this study, we proposed the idea of integrating system information into alarm displays. A bar-based integrated design of alarm display was proposed, and it was compared against a tile-based integrated design, and a traditional separate design through a lab experiment. To verify the idea of integration, forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to the three integration conditions to perform basic alarm response tasks, and their situation awareness levels and subjective evaluations were collected. The results indicated that the participants preferred the idea of integrating system information into alarm displays. Besides, the bar-based integrated display supported higher correct rate of answers to situation awareness questions related to the developing scenario than the tile-based integrated design. The idea of integrating system information into alarm displays merits further research and may be applicable to other safety critical industries. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
We describe a discrete 3D model of ideal gas based on the idea that, on the microscopic level, the particles move randomly (as in ASEP models), instead of obeying Newton's laws as prescribed by Boltzmann.
We describe a discrete 3D model of ideal gas based on the idea that, on the microscopic level, the particles move randomly (as in ASEP models), instead of obeying Newton's laws as prescribed by Boltzmann.
暂无评论