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IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 2008年第3期28卷 13-15页

作者： Kosara, Robert Drury, Fritz Holmquist, Lars Erik Laidlaw, David H. Univ N Carolina Charlotte NC 28223 USA Rhode Isl Sch Design Providence RI 02903 USA Swedish Inst Comp Sci Kista Sweden Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA

The article ponders on the concept of visualization criticism. It emphasizes the importance of criticism in the practice of design, architecture and art. It explains the underlying concept of a critique in the fine arts. It explores the application of visual critique in an educational setting. It considers criticism as a tool for identifying and learning from mistakes.

关键词： criticism design visualization Critique international data encryption algorithm Visualization Arts design process criticism

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Global Metallogenic Zonality of the Pacific Ore Belt

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DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES 2018年第2期482卷 1283-1287页

作者： Sidorov, A. A. Volkov, A. V. Galyamov, A. L. Russian Acad Sci Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem Moscow 119017 Russia

This article discusses problems of global metallogenic zonality of the Pacific Ore Belt (POB), which is understood as the complex of volcanogenic-plutonogenic units related to the evolution of the lithosphere of marginal seas;this lithosphere combines both continental and oceanic metallogenic features and also possesses a characteristic specificity of ore accumulation. It is shown that the ideas by S.S. Smirnov about the POB zonality have not considerably changed with time and, moreover, have been supported by the new global tectonic concepts. Nevertheless, the nature of metallogenic homogeneity of the external (Ag-Cu) and internal (Sn-W) zones of the POB seems to be more complicated and ambiguous. The metallogenic role of the Ag/Au ratio in ores of POB deposits is shown.

关键词： continental international data encryption algorithm lithosphere ore-bearing zone zonality Pacific Ocean

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STATES AND TRANSITIONS: THE TRAJECTORY OF AN IDEA, 1970-2010

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ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2011年第1-2期57卷 17-22页

作者： Walker, Brian Westoby, Mark CSIRO Ecosyst Sci Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

State-and-transition language for ecosystem dynamics was articulated in a 1989 paper written by Imanuel Noy-Meir in collaboration with Westoby and Walker. That paper has been surprisingly influential considering that the publication it appeared in, Journal of Range Management, serves a relatively small community of researchers. Here we trace the wider history within which the paper sits, both the context that led up to its being written and its influence subsequently. Our aim is to explain Noy-Meir's distinctive and constructive role, at several points in the history.

关键词： trajectory Grassland management publications Ecosystem dynamics international data encryption algorithm Countries (nations) Range management

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Self-avoiding walks in five or more dimensions: Polymer expansion approach

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RUSSIAN MATHEMATICAL SURVEYS 1995年第2期50卷 403-434页

作者： Khanin, KM Lebowitz, JL Mazel, AE Sinai, YG PRINCETON UNIV DEPT MATH PRINCETON NJ 08544 USA RUTGERS STATE UNIV DEPT MATH NEW BRUNSWICK NJ 08903 USA INT INST EARTHQUAKE PREDICT THEORY & MATH GEOPHYS MOSCOW RUSSIA

Contents§1. Introduction and results§2. Laces and the idea of the proof§3. Induction hypothesis and initial step§4. Induction step: estimation ofand§5. Induction step: convergence of polymer expansions forand§6. Induction step: estimate of§7. Proof of Theorem 1.1Appendix. The polymer expansion theoremBibl

关键词： international data encryption algorithm induction Steps dimensions SELF-AVOIDING WALK polymers Expansion

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The Profession of IT The Idea Idea

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2012年第3期55卷 30-32页

作者： Denning, Peter J. Naval Postgrad Sch Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat Monterey CA USA

Ideas pervade our profes-sional work. We borrow them, we apply them, we solve problems with them, we create new ones, and we try to foster more of them in our teams. We express what we are doing by referring to the id... 详细信息

关键词： international data encryption algorithm Occupations Hopefulness Fostering Technological Innovations Teams information technology

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A role for 3 exonucleases at the final stages of chromosome duplication in Escherichia coli

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NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2019年第4期47卷 1847-1860页

作者： Midgley-Smith, Sarah L. Dimude, Juachi U. Rudolph, Christian J. Brunel Univ London Coll Hlth & Life Sci Div Biosci Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

Chromosome duplication initiates via the assembly of replication fork complexes at defined origins, from where they proceed in opposite directions until they fuse with a converging fork. Recent work highlights that the completion of DNA replication is highly complex in both pro- and eukaryotic cells. In this study we have investigated how 3 and 5 exonucleases contribute towards the successful termination of chromosome duplication in Escherichia coli. We show that the absence of 3 exonucleases can trigger levels of over-replication in the termination area robust enough to allow successful chromosome duplication in the absence of oriC firing. Over-replication is completely abolished if replication fork complexes are prevented from fusing by chromosome linearization. Our data strongly support the idea that 3 flaps are generated as replication fork complexes fuse. In the absence of 3 exonucleases, such as ExoI, these 3 flaps can be converted into 5 flaps, which are degraded by 5 exonucleases, such as ExoVII and RecJ. Our data support the idea that multiple protein activities are required to process fork fusion intermediates. They highlight the complexity of fork fusions and further support the idea that the termination area evolved to contain fork fusion-mediated pathologies.

关键词： DNA Replication Chromosome Duplication Fuses Surgical Flaps international data encryption algorithm Exonucleases Escherichia coli

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There is a need for new systemic sclerosis subset criteria. A content analytic approach

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2018年第1期47卷 62-70页

作者： Johnson, S. R. Soowamber, M. L. Fransen, J. Khanna, D. Van den Hoogen, F. Baron, M. Matucci-Cerinic, M. Denton, C. P. Medsger, T. A., Jr. Carreira, P. E. Riemekasten, G. Distler, J. Gabrielli, A. Steen, V. Chung, L. Silver, R. Varga, J. Mueller-Ladner, U. Vonk, M. C. Walker, U. A. Wollheim, F. A. Herrick, A. Furst, D. E. Czirjak, L. Kowal-Bielecka, O. Del Galdo, F. Cutolo, M. Hunzelmann, N. Murray, C. D. Foeldvari, I. Mouthon, L. Damjanov, N. Kahaleh, B. Frech, T. Assassi, S. Saketkoo, L. A. Pope, J. E. Univ Toronto Inst Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat Toronto Scleroderma Program Div RheumatolDept MedToronto Western Hosp Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Toronto Western Hosp Dept Med Toronto Scleroderma ProgramDiv Rheumatol Toronto ON Canada Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Michigan Scleroderma Program Div Rheumatol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA McGill Univ Jewish Gen Hosp Div Rheumatol Dept Med Montreal PQ Canada Univ Florence Dept Rheumatol AVC Div Rheumatol AOUC Dept BioMedDept Med Florence Italy Univ Florence Denothe Ctr Florence Italy Royal Free Hosp Ctr Rheumatol & Connect Tissue Dis London England Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Med Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Hosp 12 Octubre Dept Rheumatol Madrid Spain Univ Lubeck Lung Res Ctr Borstel Dept Rheumatol Lubeck Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Internal Med 3 Erlangen Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Clin Immunol Erlangen Germany Univ Marche Dept Mol & Clin Sci Med Clin Ancona Italy Georgetown Univ Sch Med Dept Med Div Rheumatol Clin Immunol & Allergy Washington DC USA Stanford Univ Div Rheumatol & Immunol Dept Med & Dermatol Stanford CA 94305 USA Med Univ South Carolina Div Rheumatol & Immunol Dept Med Charleston SC USA Northwestern Univ Dept Med Div Rheumatol Clin Immunol & Allergy Chicago IL 60611 USA Justus Liebig Univ Giessen Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol Kerckhoff Clin Bad Nauheim Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Rheumat Dis Med Ctr Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Basel Dept Rheumatol Basel Switzerland Lund Univ Hosp Dept Rheumatol Lund Sweden Univ Manchester Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr Inst Inflammat & Repair Ctr Musculoskeletal Res Manchester Lancs England Univ Calif Los Angeles Div Rheumatol Los Angeles CA USA Univ Pecs Dept Rheumatol & Immunol Ctr Clin Pecs Hungary Med Univ Bialystok Dept Rheumatol & Internal Med Bialystok Poland Univ Leeds Leeds Inst Rheumat & Musculoskeletal Med Scleroderma Progr

Objectives. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is heterogenous. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the purpose, strengths and limitations of existing SSc subset criteria, and identify ideas among experts about subsets. Methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews with randomly sampled international SSc experts. The interview transcripts underwent an iterative process with text deconstructed to single thought units until a saturated conceptual framework with coding was achieved and respondent occurrence tabulated. Serial cross-referential analyses of clusters were developed. Results. Thirty experts from 13 countries were included;67% were male, 63% were from Europe and 37% from North America;median experience of 22.5years, with a median of 55 new SSc patients annually. Three thematic clusters regarding subsetting were identified: research and communication;management;and prognosis (prediction of internal organ involvement, survival). The strength of the limited/diffuse system was its ease of use, however 10% stated this system had marginal value. Shortcomings of the diffuse/limited classification were the risk of misclassification, predictions/generalizations did not always hold true, and that the elbow or knee threshold was arbitrary. Eighty-seven percent use more than 2 subsets including: SSc sine scleroderma, overlap conditions, antibody-determined subsets, speed of progression, and age of onset (juvenile, elderly). Conclusions. We have synthesized an international view of the construct of SSc subsets in the modern era. We found a number of factors underlying the construct of SSc subsets. Considerations for the next phase include rate of change and hierarchal clustering (e.g. limited/diffuse, then by antibodies).

关键词： Systemic Scleroderma Subset international data encryption algorithm Superconducting supercolliders

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RAGHUNATHAN CONJECTURES FOR SL(2,R)

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ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 1992年第1-2期80卷 1-31页

作者： RATNER, M 1. Department of Mathematics University of California at Berkeley 94720 Berkeley California U.S.A.

In this paper I give simple proofs of Raghunathan's conjectures for SL(2, R). These proofs incorporate in a simplified form some of the ideas and methods I used to prove the Raghunathan's conjectures for gener... 详细信息

关键词： international data encryption algorithm iodine Proof

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Innovation and creativity - 'Strangled' by hierarchical models of evidence? Reflections from innovating in Olympic and Paralmypic sport

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PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SPORT 2010年第2期11卷 37-38页

作者： Hunter, Glenn [a] Research and Innovation (Performance Medicine) UK Sport United Kingdom

A few years ago I was visiting a physiotherapy student on placement. The student had an idea that they wanted to try out with a patient and ran it past the supervisor. The supervisor asked what evidence there was for the idea, \"none\" replied the student, \"then stick with what we know works\" was the reply from the supervisor. The problem was, what was meant to be working wasn\'t. I work as part of a small group (7 of us) who form the research and innovation team at UK Sport and we are tasked with the challenge of indentifying and implementing new and novel ideas that will have a positive impact on medals for team GB in the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. We have a relatively small budget, have a small potential cohort of approximately 1500 elite athletes and 44 sports to work with and in 2012 will have to justify why we did what we did and demonstrate how the money we spent (tax payers and lottery money) contributed to Team GB\'s success. On a daily basis we search for new and novel performance based solutions that we hope will give team GB an advantage in 2012 and beyond, and then escort those ideas through the minefield of high performance sport to ultimately make a performance difference. Our work is themed into the following areas:

关键词： Creativity Mine field Students Sports international data encryption algorithm Medals Supervisors Technological Innovations Money hierarchical models

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Cross-functional dynamics in new product development

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RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2000年第1期43卷 46-49页

作者： Jassawalla, AR Sashittal, HC SUNY Geneseo Jones Sch Business Geneseo NY 14454 USA St John Fisher Coll Rochester NY 14618 USA

Managing human interactions and the transfer of technology and ideas among individuals and functional groups can be the most challenging aspect of new product development. Interaction, information sharing and cross-fertilization of ideas among people from R&D, production , marketing, and other functional groups is essential. However, problems arise when people with dissimilar orientations, experiences and interests are called upon to interact, make decisions, and participate in a co-creative endeavor like new product development. A closer examination of the human interaction processes that characterize new product development shows that effective leadership as well as followership, equitable distribution of power and a concern for building collaboration among participants can make human interactions more productive, facilitating the progress of ideas across the organisation.

关键词： international data encryption algorithm Cross-fertilization Product Design New products Technology Transfer Persons chemical group

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