In this paper we study the effect of external ideas on brainstorming by means of two computational models: a transient emergent attractors model (TEAM) and a probabilistic associative model (PAM). New behavioral exper...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467361279
In this paper we study the effect of external ideas on brainstorming by means of two computational models: a transient emergent attractors model (TEAM) and a probabilistic associative model (PAM). New behavioral experimental results show that hints or others' ideas can either hinder or enhance ideas generated during exposure period, while they consistently enhance the quantity of ideas produced after exposure. The TEAM model consists of a neural network of concept nodes connected by means of category membership and relatedness. Ideas emerge dynamically from the activity of the network by temporarily strengthening the connections between co-active nodes. Local inhibition inactivates current idea nodes and allows another idea to form. Active nodes prime connected inactive nodes depending on the recent activity of the node. The model shows that hindering of the number of ideas during hint presentation depends on the strength of hints and that the speed and duration of priming is essential for the long-term priming effect of hints observed in experiments. For comparison purposes, a PAM model originally proposed by Brown and Paulus (1998) is used to explain the same experimental data.
Ideas from the image processing literature have recently motivated a new set of clustering algorithms that rely on the concept of total variation. While these algorithms perform well for bi-partitioning tasks, their r...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781632660244
Ideas from the image processing literature have recently motivated a new set of clustering algorithms that rely on the concept of total variation. While these algorithms perform well for bi-partitioning tasks, their recursive extensions yield unimpressive results for multiclass clustering tasks. This paper presents a general framework for multiclass total variation clustering that does not rely on recursion. The results greatly outperform previous total variation algorithms and compare well with state-of-the-art NMF approaches.
When forming the grand coalition is not possible/optimal, agents need to create a coalition structure. The idea of the core can be extended to such a case. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm called Core...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479939329
When forming the grand coalition is not possible/optimal, agents need to create a coalition structure. The idea of the core can be extended to such a case. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm called CoreD to check core-non-emptiness for coalition structures. A more straightforward algorithm based on existing techniques, which we call CoreP, first obtains the value of optimal coalition structure by solving an integer programming problem. Then, it checks whether that value can be divided without making a blocking (dissatisfied) coalition. In contrast, CoreD first finds a minimal amount value of optimal coalition structure so that there exists no blocking coalition. Then, it checks whether the optimal value can be equal to the minimal value. We empirically show that when the core is empty, CoreD is by far superior to CoreP. Also, to find a second-best payoff vector when the core is empty, we propose a new solution concept called the weak ε-core~+, which can utilize the approximate value of the optimal coalition structure. Based on the idea of CoreD, we further develop an algorithm for checking the non-emptiness of the weak ε-core~+.
The design of closed-loop finite-dimensional controllers for systems described by partial differential equations is tackled by combining tools borrowed by research areas such as approximation and operator theory. The ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479901777
The design of closed-loop finite-dimensional controllers for systems described by partial differential equations is tackled by combining tools borrowed by research areas such as approximation and operator theory. The proposed paradigm is based on the idea of using operators to account for the dynamics, regulator, and measurement mappings. Specifically, we rely on a well-established setting of Banach spaces, which is well-suited to supporting the generality of the approach. First, we define a class of Lipschitz operators with finite seminorm and formulate a tracking problem in the Banach spaces of real-valued functions. Second, we search for controllers that ensure stability and minimize a given performance index. The design of such regulators is achieved by resorting to an approximation scheme based on the extended Ritz method. Such a scheme consists in constraining the regulation operator to take on a fixed structure, where a finite number of free parameters can be suitably chosen. The problem is then reduced to a mathematical programming one of nonlinear type in general, in which the values of the parameters are optimized to guarantee stability. A family of nonlinear approximators to which the most common classes of feedforward neural networks belong are employed to accomplish the design via a convenient choice of their parameters (i.e., the weights), as shown by means of simulations with the optimal control of an unstable heat equation.
This paper presents an original approach for improving performances of the supervised classifiers in hyperspectral remote sensing imagery using generation of synthetic samples to optimize the training set. The propose...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479911127
This paper presents an original approach for improving performances of the supervised classifiers in hyperspectral remote sensing imagery using generation of synthetic samples to optimize the training set. The proposed model called Virtual Sample Generation by Concurrent Self-Organizing Maps (VSG-CSOM) is based on the idea of improving the training set of a supervised classifier by substituting the initial labeled sample set with the "virtual" samples generated with a system of concurrent SOMs. Wehave considered a Spatial-Contextual Support Vector Machine (SC-SVM) classifier, taking into consideration both intraband and also interband pixel correlation. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated using two of the most known data sets of hyperspectral images: Indian Pines and Pavia University. The experimental results prove the significant advantage of the new model.
To the Editor: In the letters pages of ANZJP, April 2012, Pek Ang proposes "extremes in the speed of thought" as a pathogno-mic symptom for bipolar disorder and goes on to suggest that "we could conside...
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To the Editor: In the letters pages of ANZJP, April 2012, Pek Ang proposes "extremes in the speed of thought" as a pathogno-mic symptom for bipolar disorder and goes on to suggest that "we could consider the slower pole of depression as 'psycho-retardation' and the faster pole of mania as 'psycho-acceleration'". He then queries whether "these ideas have been previously expressed".
The field of social networking studies how people are connected and the dynamics of their relationships within a specific community. Until the emergence of the Internet, most social network research was conducted by s...
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The field of social networking studies how people are connected and the dynamics of their relationships within a specific community. Until the emergence of the Internet, most social network research was conducted by social scientists who often focused on understanding the dynamics within a specific physical community. Since the introduction of Web 2.0 technologies, new digital communities have emerged that have further enabled a rich set of novel interdisciplinary research questions.
Ideas pervade our profes-sional work. We borrow them, we apply them, we solve problems with them, we create new ones, and we try to foster more of them in our teams. We express what we are doing by referring to the id...
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Ideas pervade our profes-sional work. We borrow them, we apply them, we solve problems with them, we create new ones, and we try to foster more of them in our teams. We express what we are doing by referring to the ideas behind our work. We hope that some of our ideas become innovations by being adopted.
As we approach our 22nd volume, the European Journal of Information Systems is a mature and successful scholarly outlet. The identity crises have waned. The scholarly readers seem to be comfortable with the idea of in...
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As we approach our 22nd volume, the European Journal of Information Systems is a mature and successful scholarly outlet. The identity crises have waned. The scholarly readers seem to be comfortable with the idea of information systems (IS) as an academic discipline. Indeed, we are accustomed to the notion that a distinctive European viewpoint on IS is valuable. For the IS field of study, the European viewpoint is regarded by many to entail a dominance of qualitative or interpretive research methodology.
Our previous study reported in Cardiovascular Research1 was prompted by the idea that the survival of stem cells is minimal after their transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. To grow, first of all these cells ...
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Our previous study reported in Cardiovascular Research1 was prompted by the idea that the survival of stem cells is minimal after their transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. To grow, first of all these cells must survive in the ischaemic tissue upon transplantation. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is one of the most powerful protective phenomena against lethal ischaemic injury.2 We propose that molecular mechanisms of IPC responsible for cardioprotection would be equally effective in the stem cell-based repair of injured heart.
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