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From Discrete to Continuous Process Simulation in Classical Thermodynamics: Irreversible Expansions of Ideal Monatomic Gases

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第12期93卷 2110-2116页

作者： Alvarez-Rua, Carmen Borge, Javier Escuela Super Arte Principado Asturias Aviles 33402 Spain Univ Oviedo Dept Quim Fis & Analit E-33006 Oviedo Spain

Thermodynamic processes are complex phenomena that can be understood as a set of successive stages. When treating processes, classical thermodynamics (and most particularly, the Gibbsian formulation, predominantly used in chemistry) only pays attention to initial and final states. However, reintroducing the notion of process is absolutely necessary to get to know the final state from the initial state conditions. In general, complex concepts can be better understood through visualization. Nowadays, computer graphics can be used to simulate processes, from initial to final states, including interactivity and time progression. This technology report attempts to illustrate the benefits that the use of computer graphics may provide in learning classical thermodynamics. Our work shows how interactive graphic animations may be used to dynamically study thermodynamic processes. This report illustrates how key concepts in thermodynamic process, such as reversibility and irreversibility, can be easily introduced to students through visualization and interactivity. For this goal, we have tested a programming environment called Processing, widely used in the context of the visual arts to create images, animations, and interactions. The Processing software development environment has four major advantages: it is free of charge and open source, easy to use, multiplatform, and oriented to get immediate visual feedback while programming.

关键词： First-Year Undergraduate/General Second-Year Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Computer-based learning internet/web-based learning Thermodynamics

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Crystallographic Information Resources

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第3期93卷 542-549页

作者： Glasser, Leslie Curtin Univ Dept Chem Nanochem Res Inst GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia

Crystallographic information provides the fundamental basis for understanding the properties and behavior of materials. This data, such as chemical composition, unit cell dimensions, space group, and atomic positions, derives from the primary literature that is, from published experimental measurement or theoretical calculation. Although the major crystallographic journals provide their published data in the form of computer-readable *.cif text files, finding and accessing this material directly is often difficult and certainly time-consuming. On the other hand, we are fortunate to have ready access through the internet to extensive crystallographic databases, both academic/commercial and free, where the former databases are critically compiled and of the highest quality. The available databases generally specialize, as for inorganic or organic materials, or minerals, etc. The current paper is directed at the occasional user of crystallographic information, and examines methods of searching for and obtaining crystallographic information (mainly inorganic and minerals, but also organic, biological and metallic) from some important free databases;namely: NIMS AtomWorks for inorganics;the Crystallography Open Database (COD) for both inorganics and organics;WWW-Mincryst for minerals;the Protein Databank (PDB) for proteins and nucleic acids;and the Database of Zeolite Structures. An example of a search repeatedly used here demonstrates the changes in information provided from the first X-ray structural determination (of halite by the father-and-son Braggs) to modern representations. The professional researcher is best served by the academic/commercial databases: Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD);Cambridge Structure Database (CSD) for organics;Pearson's Crystal Data (PCD) for inorganics;Crystmet for metallic systems, etc. However, free demonstration versions of these important databases provide user introductions and, indeed, usable data for a limited range of m

关键词： Continuing Education Graduate Education/Research internet/web-based learning Chemoinformatics Crystals/Crystallography Enrichment/Review Materials X-ray Crystallography Solids

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web-based 2D NMR Spectroscopy Practice Problems

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第8期93卷 1483-1485页

作者： Graham, Kate J. McIntee, Edward J. Schaller, Chris P. Coll St Benedict Dept Chem St Joseph MN 56374 USA St Johns Univ St Joseph MN 56374 USA

2D NMR spectroscopy is regularly utilized for determination of organic structures. Problem-solving using a variety of 2D techniques is increasingly covered in the undergraduate curriculum. While several advanced texts provide some practice problems, these books are often expensive and aimed at graduate students. A free and publicly available set of 2D NMR problems with answers was developed to provide students an opportunity to develop their advanced structure elucidation skills.

关键词： Upper-Division Undergraduate Second-Year Undergraduate Organic Chemistry internet/web-based learning Problem Solving/Decision Making NMR Spectroscopy

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Chemical Information Literacy at a Liberal Arts College

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第3期93卷 429-433页

作者： Greco, George E. Goucher Coll Dept Chem 1021 Dulaney Valley Rd Baltimore MD 21204 USA

Chemistry majors at Goucher College are now required to take a 1-credit course in their sophomore year entitled Chemical Information Literacy. Students in the course learn the structure and organization of the chemical literature, and how to carry out searches of various databases for topic, author, chemical compound, or structure. They learn related skills such as how to use a citation manager to organize citations, and how to use a structure-drawing program. Students are also exposed to the patent literature, and databases of molecular properties. A highlight of the course is a unit on current events in which students learn how to read a paper for general content even if they do not understand every word of it. The course culminates in students choosing a topic of interest to them, and preparing an annotated bibliography that can be used for writing a review article in a subsequent course. As a result of this course, students learn the skills required to be productive researchers, and develop an appreciation for the breadth of chemistry within the first half of their college careers. Furthermore, use of both the ACS journals subscription and the SciFinder search engine among students increased dramatically as a result of this course.

关键词： Second-Year Undergraduate Upper-Division Undergraduate Chemoinformatics Curriculum Student-Centered learning Communication/Writing internet/web-based learning

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Using Interactive Psychrometric Charts to Visualize and Explore Psychrometric Processes

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第2期93卷 391-393页

作者： Erdelyi, Peter Rajko, Robert Univ Szeged Inst Proc Engn Fac Engn Moszkvai Korut 5-7 H-6725 Szeged Hungary

Proper knowledge of the psychrometric properties of air is essential in the design and operation of various food storage and processing systems, such as vegetable and fruit warehouses, convection dryers, and so on. Until recently, these psychrometric properties could only be determined from measurement data by complicated calculations or by reading old, inaccurate charts. In this technology report, we discuss the availability and pedagogical uses of an interactive, web-based psychrometric chart that has been developed to accurately compute several thermodynamic parameters and to allow students to visualize the effects of changing conditions on psychrometric properties in a conducive digital interface. This open-source software is available online free of charge and can be used effectively both in education and for solving industrial and even scientific problems.

关键词： Upper-Division Undergraduate Graduate Education/Research Chemical Engineering Physical Chemistry internet/web-based learning Phases/Phase Transitions/Diagrams

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ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning: The Cutting Edge-Educational Innovation, Disability Law, and Civil Rights

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第6期93卷 1154-1155页

作者： Moore, Emily B. Grossman, Paul D. Univ Colorado Dept Phys Boulder CO 80309 USA US DOE Off Civil Rights San Francisco CA 94105 USA

This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online ConfChem held from May 8 to June 4, 2015. Mr. Paul Grossman, Chief Regional Attorney (retired), Office of Civil Rights, United States Department of Education, succinctly places the development of American disability rights protections and principles within the broader context of race, sex, and national origin civil rights laws in the United States. Starting with the Emancipation Proclamation and ending with the revolutionary changes in education heralded by technology, Mr. Grossman's guide provides a background to understanding the modern evolution of disability law and how it relates to accessibility in education. The resulting discussion included resources for learning about how to make education technology accessible, the use of screen readers for reading chemistry content, how to design interactive simulations with accessibility in mind, and experiences of students with disabilities and their teachers.

关键词： Elementary/Middle School Science High School/Introductory Chemistry First-Year Undergraduate/General Computer-based learning internet/web-based learning Multimedia-based learning Minorities in Chemistry Professional Development

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ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning: Concerns Regarding Accessible Interfaces for Students Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第6期93卷 1156-1159页

作者： Supalo, Cary A. Purdue Univ Dept Chem W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online ConfChem held May 8 June 4, 2015. It focuses on concerns of the current societal paradigm as it pertains to virtual simulations and visual animations today, and addresses matters pertaining to the usability of such constructs by students who are blind or visually impaired (BVI). Further, it addresses concerns with the importance of providing equal access to visual information in the teaching of chemistry concepts and comments on the dynamic nature of the teaching profession.

关键词： High School/Introductory Chemistry First-year Undergraduate/General Curriculum History/Philosophy Computer-based learning internet/web-based learning Multimedia-based learning Student-Centered learning Professional Development

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ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning: Insights into Molecular Visualization Design

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第6期93卷 1142-1144页

作者： Kelly, Resa M. San Jose State Univ Dept Chem San Jose CA 95192 USA

An electronic learning tool (ELT) on precipitation reactions was designed featuring a cartoon chemistry tutor named "Dr. NRG" who directs students through a learning cycle approach to explore the nature of precipitation reactions. Studies done with instructors and students informed the design of atomic level animations that were a main feature of the ELT. Findings from a naturalistic study featuring data from a metacognitive activity embedded in the tool demonstrate the ELT's effectiveness. This communication summarizes a paper that was discussed May 8, 2015 to May 14 2015 during the spring 2015. Discussions following the paper centered on students' misconceptions, instructors' involvement in the development, and pedagogical practices involving animations.

关键词： High School/Introductory Chemistry internet/web-based learning Precipitation/Solubility

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Scaffolded Semi-Flipped General Chemistry Designed To Support Rural Students' learning

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第12期93卷 1999-2003页

作者： Lenczewski, Mary S. Ohio Univ Eastern 45425 Natl Rd St Clairsville OH 43950 USA

Students who lack academic maturity can sometimes feel overwhelmed in a fully flipped classroom. Here an alternative, the Semi-Flipped method, is discussed. Rural students, who face unique challenges in transitioning from high school learning to college level learning, can particularly profit from the use of the Semi-Flipped method in the General Chemistry classroom. This method brings together preparation before class, active learning in class, and a supportive homework system, and it appears to have significant benefits both for students and for the instructor.

关键词： First-Year Undergraduate/General internet/web-based learning learning Theories Curriculum Student-Centered learning

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ConfChem Conference on Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning: Using an Interactive Simulation To Support Development of Expert Practices for Balancing Chemical Equations

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2016年第6期93卷 1150-1151页

作者： Carpenter, Yuen-ying Moore, Emily B. Perkins, Katherine K. Univ Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

An in-class guided-inquiry activity utilizing feedback from a PhET interactive simulation offers an opportunity to foster student learning via an inquiry-based approach. Here, student groups in a preparatory chemistry course leveraged representations in the Balancing Chemical Equations simulation to define and develop successful practices for nonredox equation balancing without explicit instruction. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the 2015 Spring ConfChem: Interactive Visualizations for Chemistry Teaching and learning ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education online conference held from May 8 to June 4, 2015. Discussions therein highlighted the importance Of recognizing student challenges, broader disciplinary context, and a diversity of problem-solving approaches in the learning and teaching of chemical equation balancing.

关键词： High School/Introductory Chemistry internet/web-based learning Inquiry-based/Discovery learning Nomenclature/Units/Symbols Curriculum Collaborative/Cooperative learning Constructivism

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