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Study on embodied CO₂ transfer between the Jing-Jin-Ji region and other regions in China: a quantification using an interregional input-output model

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018年第14期25卷 14068-14082页

作者： Chen, Mengmeng Wu, Sanmang Lei, Yalin Li, Shantong China Univ Geosci Sch Humanities & Econ Management 29 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Minist Land & Resource Key Lab Carrying Capac Assessment Resource & Envi Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Dev Res Ctr State Council Beijing 100010 Peoples R China

Jing-Jin-Ji region (i.e., Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei) is China's key development region, but it is also the leading and most serious air pollution region in China. High fossil fuel consumption is the major source of both carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and air pollutants. Therefore, it is important to reveal the source of CO2 emissions to control the air pollution in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. In this study, an interregional input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the embodied CO2 transfer between Jing-Jin-Ji region and other region in China using China's interregional input-output data in 2010. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the production-based CO2 emissions in China, and furthermore, the Jing-Jin-Ji region and its surrounding regions were the main regions of the production-based CO2 emissions in China. Hebei Province exported a large amount of embodied CO2 to meet the investment, consumption, and export demands of Beijing and Tianjin. The Jing-Jin-Ji regions exported a great deal of embodied CO2 to the coastal provinces of southeast China and imported it from neighboring provinces.

关键词： Jing-Jin-Ji region Embodied CO2 transfer interregional input-output model

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THE COMPILATION OF CHINA'S interregional input-output model 2002

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ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2015年第2期27卷 238-256页

作者： Zhang, Zhuoying Shi, Minjun Zhao, Zhao Chinese Acad Sci Acad Math & Syst Sci Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Management Sch Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Fictitious Econ & Data Sci Beijing Peoples R China Univ Groningen Fac Econ & Business Groningen Netherlands

The increasing economic interaction among various regions in China makes the construction of an interregional input-output table relevant for economic studies. This paper elaborates the model compilation procedure of the China interregional input-output model 2002. The key features of the model compilation include: (1) using representative commodities to estimate the interregional commodity flows of the primary industries;(2) adopting functions to estimate the decreasing interregional transportation of manufacturing sectors in relation to distance and (3) selecting appropriate indicators to estimate the interregional commodity flows of non-material sectors. This study is an initial attempt in interregional input-output modelling and might be helpful for economic studies at the levels of micro-regions.

关键词： Economic modeling interregional trade interregional input-output model China IRIO

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Social protection and COVID-19: Evaluation of regional impacts of the Emergency Aid policy in Brazil

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EconomiA 2021年第3期22卷 239-250页

作者： da Rosa, Prisciane Raupp Fochezatto, Adelar Neto, Giácomo Balbinotto Sanguinet, Eduardo Rodrigues Post Graduate Program in Development Economics Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Economics Science Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Institute of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences Austral Unieversity of Chile Valdivia Chile

The new Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), which began in late 2019 in China, lead to a health and economic crisis of significant proportions. The decrease in economic activity in order to prevent further spread of the disease affected all economic sectors, resulting in the unprecedented loss of jobs and the weakening of the informal economy. The Emergency Aid (EA) was created with the purpose of guaranteeing a subsistence income, minimizing the economic problems brought about by the pandemic. The aim of this paper is to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of the EA income transfers on the economy of Brazilian states. Of particular interest is to assess the distribution of indirect impacts as there may be spillovers of income between regions because of inter-sector relations and production chains. Thus, given the differences in production structures, the accounting of indirect impacts can result in a structure of regional distribution of benefits that is quite different from the initial one. The aim of this study is to assess which regions are relatively more benefited by comparing the initial structure of the distribution of the EA benefits with the final structure, after accounting for the spillovers. To do so, an interregional input-output model developed by Haddad et al. (2017) and data from the Brazilian Transparency Portal (Portal da Transparência) on resources allocated by the EA in the period from April to August 2020 were used. The results show that the states that benefited most in the initial distribution of the EA are the relatively most populous and poorest (Northeast) and the most benefited in the final distribution are those with more complex and relatively more developed productive structures (Southeast and South). © 2022 National Association of Postgraduate Centers in Economics, ANPEC

关键词： Covid-19 Emergency Aid interregional input-output model Pandemic Social protection

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Restricting water withdrawals of the thermal power sector: An input-output analysis for the northeast of the United States

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2018年 198卷 258-268页

作者： Dilekli, Naci Duchin, Faye Cazcarro, Ignacio Univ Oklahoma Ctr Spatial Anal Norman OK 73019 USA Univ Oklahoma Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil Norman OK 73069 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Econ Sch Humanities & Social Sci Sage Labs Room 3407-8 Troy NY 12180 USA Univ Zaragoza Agrifood Inst Aragon IA2 Dept Econ Anal Fac Econ & Business Studies Gran Via 2 Zaragoza 50005 Spain BC3 Basque Ctr Climate Change Klima Aldaketa Iker Alameda Urquijo 44-1a Bilbao 48008 Spain

As water scarcity and pollution of sources become increasingly severe and widespread, competition over this resource intensifies. Unlike much of the rest of the world, thermal power plants in the US are the biggest users of water due to heavy reliance on once-through cooling technology. This cooling technology withdraws large amounts of water and discharges it back almost in its entirety but at higher temperatures. These water withdrawals are increasingly subjected to legislation intended to reduce the effects of thermal pollution. We utilize an interregional input-output model for quantifying the money costs and the shifts in the distribution of power production by state and by technology when withdrawals and discharges of fresh water are restricted. This model allows for the choice among alternative power generation technologies with different cost structures within each state. We analyze a Baseline scenario for 2010 and alternative scenarios that impose constraints on water withdrawals and inter-state power transmission. Based on an annual analysis, we conclude that this region can satisfy its electric power requirements while fully complying with legislated water restrictions at moderate cost by compensating the curtailment of output from some plants by otherwise unutilized capacities of other plants in the region. When we revisit the analysis using a monthly time step, however, sharp seasonal variations exhibit a strong impact on economic costs. In the summer months, intra-state transmission does not suffice, and regional demand cannot be met in the absence of substantial inter-state transmission. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Thermal power production Water constraints interregional input-output model World trade model Choice of technology Scenario analysis

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Analyzing Egypt's water footprint based on trade balance and expenditure inequality

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2018年第Oct.10 Pt.1/1652期198卷 1526-1535页

作者： Wahba, Shimaa M. Scott, Kate Steinberger, Julia K. Helwan Univ Fac Commerce & Business Adm Cairo Egypt Univ Leeds Sustainabil Res Inst Sch Earth & Environm Leeds W Yorkshire England

Egypt is a very arid country, with a rapidly growing population driving water demand beyond its annual constant supply. According to Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator, Egypt has reached a high and chronic water scarcity level that restricts its ability to accomplish economic development goals. To this end, our study has two fundamental goals;[1] tracing the effects of Egypt Virtual Water (VW) trade on its real water availability, and [2] analyzing the effects of household consumption patterns on Egypt's water availability. We have thus conducted a consumption-based analysis of water use in Egypt, using an interregional input-output (IRIO) model between Egypt and the Rest of the World. Achieving the first goal, Egypt's National Water Footprint (NWF) and it's VW net exports for 57 sectors of production are calculated. Our results indicate that Egypt saves 8% of its NWF through imports, embodied mainly in wheat. However, Egypt virtually net exports 12% of its total available freshwater resources, embodied mainly in feed, alfalfa, and paddy rice. To understand the study second goal, households NWF per product are compared with their annual direct water use. Results indicate that they consume 11% of water directly and 89% virtually. Also, urban, and rural NWF per capita are calculated according to their different patterns of expenditure. Results show that urban NWF per capita is roughly 17% higher than that of rural households, reflecting their different consumption patterns. Urban citizens consume larger amounts of all products, excluding agricultural and textile products. The water embodied in household consumption in Egypt exacerbates the water scarcity crises. This effect is particularly seen in water reliant agricultural and animal products. Also, our results show the need to monitor international trade and the virtual flows of freshwater when exploring issues around freshwater scarcity. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Egypt National water footprint Virtual water interregional input-output model Expenditure patterns Trade balance

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China's water footprint by province, and inter-provincial transfer of virtual water

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ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2017年 74卷 321-333页

作者： Chen, Weiming Wu, Sanmang Lei, Yalin Li, Shantong China Univ Geosci Sch Humanities & Econ Management 29 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Minist Land & Resource Key Lab Carrying Capac Assessment Resource & Envi Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Dev Res Ctr State Council Beijing 100010 Peoples R China

Water shortages and the uneven distribution of water resources restrict China's sustainable development. The concepts of virtual water and water footprints provide a new approach to alleviate regional shortages of Chinese water resources by the inter-provincial allocation of commercial water resources. In this study, an interregional input-output model was applied to quantitatively estimate the water footprint of each province in China and to quantify the inter-provincial transfer of virtual water. The results indicated that there was considerable diversity in the water footprints of the various provinces. Provinces with larger populations and greater GDP had larger water footprints, and developed regions had higher proportions of external water footprints. From the perspective of final demand, local consumption was the main factor driving the water footprints of these provinces. From the perspective of sectoral structure, the agricultural water footprint had a larger proportion in these provinces. The transfer of virtual water in China did not occur from regions with abundant water resources to those suffering from water shortages, but it generally occurred from west to east, from inland to coastal areas, and from underdeveloped to developed regions. Many water-deficient regions also had large net virtual water exports. Water shortages in China will be alleviated by the enhancement of industrial water-use efficiency in water-deficient regions, the transfer of water-intensive industries to regions with abundant water resources, and the development of tertiary industries with low water consumption. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Water footprint Virtual water transfer Inter-provincial discrepancy interregional input-output model

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On the amount of counterpart assistance to be provided after natural disasters: from the perspective of indirect economic loss assessment

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ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 2017年第1期16卷 50-70页

作者： Wu, Xianhua Xue, Peipei Guo, Ji Ji, Zhonghui Wei, Guo Ning, Xueqiang Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Econ & Management Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ North Carolina Pembroke Dept Math & Comp Sci Pembroke NC USA

China's counterpart assistance policy is of vital importance in providing guidance for emergency management and post-disaster reconstruction. However, the amount of assistance that partner provinces should provide as well as the criteria that partners should abide by in offering counterpart assistance remain a main challenge. The goal of this research is to fill this gap by proposing a new framework consisting of an interregional input-output (IRIO) model and a resilience index. Subsequently, the indirect economic loss is obtained by utilizing the index system of provincial economic resilience assessments, with measures of indirect economic loss developed from the IRIO. Furthermore, to examine the internal validity and systematic error, the reliability of the adopted models, the calculation methods, and the index systems are investigated. To assess the external validity of the proposed measures and resilience index of the framework, data from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake are applied for estimating parameter values of the framework, and a follow-up investigation was conducted for examining the fairness and enhanced effectiveness of the new counterpart assistance criteria. In summary, this paper attempts to present some new ideas about the analysis of economic motivations of mutual aid and the improvement of the counterpart assistance policy.

关键词： Counterpart assistance natural disaster interregional input-output model indirect economic losses resilience and recovery internal and external validity

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Rural-Urban Economic Linkages for Agriculture and Food Processing in the Monroe, Louisiana, Functional Economic Area

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Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 2015年第2期28卷 337-355页

作者： David W. Hughes Vaneska N. Litz Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Louisiana State University Baton Rouge

An interregional input-output model of the Monroe, Louisiana, Functional Economic Area constructed with IMPLAN is used to assess economic linkages between a small urban core and a surrounding rural periphery. The contribution of agriculture, especially in the rural periphery, to the urban core (Ouachita Parish) economy is demonstrated. Also assessed is the possibility of using the core's food processing sector to facilitate periphery economic growth. While results demonstrated stronger rural-urban linkages than have been found in other regions, growth in the urban food processing industry, as currently structured, did not imply rapid growth in the periphery.

关键词： economic linkages food processing Functional Economic Area IMPLAN interregional input-output model rural periphery urban core

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Domestic tourism and regional inequality in Brazil

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TOURISM ECONOMICS 2013年第1期19卷 173-186页

作者： Haddad, Eduardo Amaral Porsse, Alexandre Alves Rabahy, Wilson Univ Sao Paulo NEREUS Reg & Urban Econ Lab Dept EconFEA Sao Paulo Brazil CNPq Brasilia DF Brazil Univ Fed Parana UFPR Dept Econ BR-80210170 Curitiba Parana Brazil FIPE BR-05339005 Sao Paulo Brazil

This paper analyses the consumption patterns of tourists from different domestic origins and choosing different domestic destinations in Brazil in terms of their expenditure level and composition. The authors also look at the various alternatives for financing tourist expenditures and their implications for the net multipliers in an integrated framework. The paper uses survey data for domestic tourism in Brazil to consolidate an interregional matrix of expenditures by tourists and then employs an interregional input-output system for Brazil to compute the tourism multiplier effects based on alternative hypotheses for the sources of financing of tourist expenditures. The results are analysed and their implications for regional inequality in the country are discussed.

关键词： regional impact analysis interregional input-output model tourist expenditure multipliers domestic tourism regional inequality Brazil

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Analyses of water footprint of Beijing in an interregional input-output framework

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ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS 2011年第12期70卷 2494-2502页

作者： Zhang, Zhuoying Yang, Hong Shi, Minjun Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag CH-8600 Dubendorf Switzerland Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Fictitious Econ & Data Sci Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Beijing is under severe water resource pressure due to the rapid economic development and growing population. This study quantitatively evaluates the water footprint of Beijing in an interregional input-output framework with a focus on blue water resources and uses. The inter-connections of water resources between Beijing and other provinces are analyzed with a sectoral specification. The results show that the total water footprint of Beijing is 4498.4 10(6) m(3)/year, of which 51% is from the external water footprint acquired through virtual water import. Agriculture has the highest water footprint of 1524.5 10(6) m(3)/year with 56% coming from external sources. The main virtual water provider for Beijing is Hebei, another water scarce region, from which Beijing receives virtual water of 373.3 10(6) m(3)/year with 40% from agriculture. The results of this study suggest that the interregional trade coordination, especially for the main sectors with high water use intensity, is important for enhancing the efficiency of regional and national water resource utilization. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual water input-output analysis interregional input-output model China

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