Recently, hydrogen-baseddistributedgenerators (DG) have gained significant attention for modern energy generation systems. These modem DGs are typically outfitted with power electronics converters, resulting in harm...
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Recently, hydrogen-baseddistributedgenerators (DG) have gained significant attention for modern energy generation systems. These modem DGs are typically outfitted with power electronics converters, resulting in harmonic pollution. Furthermore, increasing the growth of modern nonlinear loads may result in exceeding the harmonic beyond the permitted level. This research proposes a framework for optimal incorporation of inverter-baseddistributed generation (a fuel cell connected to an AC distribution system) for minimizing power losses, enhancing the voltage profile, and limiting both total and individual harmonic distortion according to the IEEE-519 standard. In addition, for accounting system sustainability, the proposed framework considers load variation and the expected rise in demand. Therefore, the suggested framework comprises three stages, which include fundamental and harmonic power flow analysis. The first stage identifies the optimal size and location of the DG in relation to the base load operating condition. While, with the optimal DG of the first stage, the amount of harmonic pollution may violate the limits during a high level of nonlinear load penetration, as a result, the second stage resizes the DG, considering the connection bus of the first stage, to mitigate the harmonics and optimize the system at a higher level of nonlinear load penetration. Both the first and second stages are performed off-line, while the third stage optimizes the system operation during run time according to loading conditions, harmonic pollution, and the available DG capacity of the previous stages. DG's harmonic spectrum is represented according to recently issued IEEE 1547-2018 for permissible DG's current distortion limits. The suggested approach is applied and evaluated using an IEEE 33-bus distribution system for various combinations of linear and nonlinear loads. For run-time operation throughout the day, the presented framework reduces the energy losses from 5.281 t
Parallel inverter microgrids (MGs) present a significant challenge in the form of inverter-baseddistributedgenerators (IBDGs) connected with varying line impedances, potentially leading to substantial reactive power...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350316643
Parallel inverter microgrids (MGs) present a significant challenge in the form of inverter-baseddistributedgenerators (IBDGs) connected with varying line impedances, potentially leading to substantial reactive power-sharing errors (RPSE). This paper proposes the fusion of data-driven control into the conventional virtual synchronous generator in a bid to minimize the sharing error. First, all state variables associated with each IBDG in the microgrid are sensed and used as input data for a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent. Next, the DRL agent, motivated by a unique reward function, is trained to satisfy two objectives: (1) Ensure the output voltage of all IBDGs in the system stays within a safe operating boundary, (2) Ensure the RPSE for the IBDGs is minimized. The trained agent is deployed in a simple IBDG microgrid and the performance is evaluated under different system disturbances and compared with the traditional control methods.
Fault current level in inverterbaseddistributed generation (IBDG) integrated grid system increases manifold due to high level of IBDG penetration. Nevertheless, for having less detrimental effect of fault in the sys...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538674826
Fault current level in inverterbaseddistributed generation (IBDG) integrated grid system increases manifold due to high level of IBDG penetration. Nevertheless, for having less detrimental effect of fault in the system fault current must be kept within specified limit as per new grid code. This paper proposes series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) based protection scheme for IBDG with variable duty control strategy. SDBR is connected with the AC side of the IDBG to insert variable resistance during contingencies depending on the level of fault current. Current at the point of common coupling is employed to detect system disturbances. Feedback control strategy is developed for the control of DC link voltage such that the net power exchange with the DC capacitor is zero. Direct axis inner current control strategy is adopted to transfer IBDG power to grid. Symmetrical three phase to ground and unsymmetrical double line to ground faults are applied in the system to show the efficacy the proposed variable duty based SDBR control technique. The proposed variable duty based SDBR control scheme have been found as an effective solution to limit the fault current for IBDG system as evident from the simulation results.
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