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Research on the Method and System of Word Segmentation and POS Tagging for Ancient Chinese Medicine Literature

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Research on the Method and System of Word Segmentation and P...

IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Xianjun Fu Ting Yuan Xuebo Li Zhenguo Wang Yang Zhou Fangning Ju Jintong Li Xiaokang Chen Sang Xiaoming Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan P.R. China Foreign Language Colleg Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan P.R.China Management school Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin Jinan P.R. China Technology Institute Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan P.R. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728118680

Objectives: To better explore the valuable experience and knowledge in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature and promote the academic heritage and innovation of TCM, this paper tries to provide methods and a system of word segmentation and POS tagging for ancient Chinese medicine literature. Method: Based on HMM and java language for POS tagging, this paper develops a word segmentation system of Chinese ancient books by constructing a Thesaurus of Chinese medicine terminology and a special POS tagging method for Chinese medicine, and adopting Ansj open source code as the core word segmentation algorithm. Results: Thesaurus of Chinese medicine terminology involving 155,343 Chinese medicine words are constructed. These words were divided into 14 categories and 7 levels of 891 parts of speech (POS). Online website of Chinese word segmentation and POS tagging proprietary system were established (http://***). And the F measure reaches 90.65%, which is much higher than the system of Ansj. Clinical or Biological Impact: This system, with high precision and recall rate, will be very helpful to knowledge discovery of Chinese medicine and be beneficial to giving full play to the original advantages of Chinese medicine.

关键词： ancient Chinese medicine literature parts of speech (POS) tagging word segmentation knowledge discovery Chinese medicine data mining Word TAGGING java programming language

Levels of Binary Equivalence for the Comparison of Binaries from Alternative Builds

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dietrich, Jens White, Tim Hassanshahi, Behnaz Krishnan, Paddy Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Oracle Labs Australia Brisbane Australia

In response to challenges in software supply chain security, several organisations have created infrastructures to independently build commodity open source projects and release the resulting binaries for java/Maven and other software ecosystems. Build platform variability can strengthen security as it facilitates the detection of compromised build environments. Furthermore, by improving the security posture of the build platform and collecting provenance information during the build, the resulting artifacts can be used with greater trust. Such offerings are now available from Google, Oracle and RedHat. The availability of multiple binaries built from the same sources creates new challenges and opportunities, and raises questions such as: "Does build A confirm the integrity of build B?" or "Can build A reveal a compromised build B?". To answer such questions requires a notion of equivalence between binaries. We demonstrate that the obvious approach based on bitwise equality has significant shortcomings in practice, and that there is value in opting for alternative notions. We conceptualise this by introducing levels of equivalence, inspired by clone detection types. We demonstrate the value of these new levels through several experiments. For this purpose, we construct a dataset consisting of java binaries (jar files) built from the same sources independently by different providers, resulting in 14,156 pairs of binaries in total. We then compare the compiled class files in those jar files and find that for 3,750 pairs of jars (26.49%) there is at least one such file that is different, also forcing the jar files and their cryptographic hashes to be different. However, based on the new equivalence levels, we can still establish that many of them are practically equivalent;the number of pairs of jars with non-equivalent classes drops to 13.65 % in some cases. We evaluate several candidate equivalence relations on a semi-synthetic dataset that provides oracles consistin

关键词： java programming language

CODECLEANER: Elevating Standards with A Robust Data Contamination Mitigation Toolkit

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Jialun Chen, Songqiang Zhang, Wuqi Lo, Hau Ching Li, Yeting Cheung, Shing-Chi The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Data contamination presents a critical barrier preventing widespread industrial adoption of advanced software engineering techniques that leverage code language models (CLMs). This phenomenon occurs when evaluation data inadvertently overlaps with the public code repositories used to train CLMs, severely undermining the credibility of performance evaluations. For software companies considering the integration of CLMbased techniques into their development pipeline, this uncertainty about true performance metrics poses an unacceptable business risk. Code refactoring, which comprises code restructuring and variable renaming, has emerged as a promising measure to mitigate data contamination. It provides a practical alternative to the resource-intensive process of building contamination-free evaluation datasets, which would require companies to collect, clean, and label code created after the CLMs' training cutoff dates. However, the lack of automated code refactoring tools and scientifically validated refactoring techniques has hampered widespread industrial implementation. To bridge the gap, this paper presents the first systematic study to examine the efficacy of code refactoring operators at multiple scales (method-level, class-level, and cross-class level) and in different programming languages. In particular, we develop an open-sourced toolkit, CODECLEANER, which includes 11 operators for Python, with nine method-level, one class-level, and one cross-class level operator. We elaborate on the rationale for why these operators could work to resolve data contamination and use both data-wise (e.g., N-gram matching overlap ratio) and model-wise metrics (e.g., perplexity) to quantify the efficacy after operators are applied. A drop of 65% overlap ratio is found when applying all operators in CODECLEANER, demonstrating their effectiveness in addressing data contamination. Additionally, we migrate four operators to java, showing their generalizability to another language.

关键词： java programming language

Multi-threaded Approach to Software High-speed Algorithms for Spectral Analysis of Multi-component Signals

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Multi-threaded Approach to Software High-speed Algorithms fo...

International Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems (CSCMP)

作者： Vladimir Yakimov Borislav Zaberzhinskij Andrey Mashkov Yuliya Bukanova Samara State Technical University Samara Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728167015

The article discusses the development of specialized software measuring-computing system, designed to operational spectral analysis of multicomponent signals based on data processing, obtained by simulating the procedure of binary sign-function quantization. The need to create specialized software measuring-computing system that implements the evaluation of the spectral components of multicomponent processes is caused by the fact that existing proprietary software products either have redundant functionality to solve highly specialized tasks or do not provide the necessary flexibility in the provision, support and modification of libraries that meet specific requirements. The software structure consists of the following main software components: a module for visualization of measurement data, a module for implementing the algorithm for spectral analysis of multicomponent signals, and a data processing converter between the user interface and the module for implementing algorithms. The graphical user interface is implemented using the high-tech integrated development environment Intellij IDEA in the java 8 multi-platform programming language, which allows extending the functionality of the measurement system. The modules of the metrologically significant part of the software that perform the functions of processing, storing and transmitting measurement data and spectral analysis results are implemented in the resource efficient C ++ 17 language. The use of C ++ provided an opportunity to apply a multi-threaded programming approach in order to improve the performance of the procedures for calculating spectral estimates. Using the mechanism of multithreaded algorithm execution, it became possible to parallelize processor calculations and input-output operations and, as a result, reduce the computational costs of obtaining estimates of the time-frequency characteristics of signals by introducing alternation mechanisms for performing various weakly interconnected subtask

关键词： computerised instrumentation graphical user interfaces java multi-threading public domain software spectral analysis stochastic processes user interfaces Spectrum Analysis Multithreading User Interface Device Component open source software computerised instrumentation graphical user interfaces java java programming language Markov chain signals frequency characteristic computer software measurement data software implementation computer programs

Reasoning About Exceptional Behavior At the Level of java Bytecode

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Paganoni, Marco Furia, Carlo A. Software Institute USI Università della Svizzera italiana Lugano Switzerland

A program’s exceptional behavior can substantially complicate its control flow, and hence accurately reasoning about the program’s correctness. On the other hand, formally verifying realistic programs is likely to involve exceptions—a ubiquitous feature in modern programming languages. In this paper, we present a novel approach to verify the exceptional behavior of java programs, which extends our previous work on BYTEBACK. BYTEBACK works on a program’s bytecode, while providing means to specify the intended behavior at the source-code level;this approach sets BYTEBACK apart from most state-of-the-art verifiers that target source code. To explicitly model a program’s exceptional behavior in a way that is amenable to formal reasoning, we introduce Vimp: a high-level bytecode representation that extends the Soot framework’s Grimp with verification-oriented features, thus serving as an intermediate layer between bytecode and the Boogie intermediate verification language. Working on bytecode through this intermediate layer brings flexibility and adaptability to new language versions and variants: as our experiments demonstrate, BYTEBACK can verify programs involving exceptional behavior in all versions of java, as well as in Scala and Kotlin (two other popular JVM languages). © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： java programming language

Incorporating software agents in automated personal software process (PSP) tools

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Incorporating software agents in automated personal software...

International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT)

作者： Hazrina Hassan Mohd Hairul Nizam Md. Nasir Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Information Technology and Quantitative Science Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424445219

The PSP-Expert Visualization Agent (EVA) is designed for software engineers specifically to introduce the agent-oriented concept, as well as to automate all the processes and fields involved in PSP. Currently, some developers of PSP automated tools include the agent's element in their system that focuses on sensor-based tracking of lines of code. However, none of them fully utilize this element for other purposes or provide the agent with a personal assistant for the software engineer. This sensor-based tracking is limited to Eclipse environments such as java and is not compatible with the use of web platforms as a PSP automated tool. The PSP-EVA system is required to perform several tasks. There are three agents that exist within the system: Interface Agent (IA), TaskAgent (TA), and SearchAgent (SA). By incorporating the multi-software agent in this automation system, PSP-EVA is able to have ready-access to applications and also to provide a visual representation of performance to the user. Additionally, evaluation of software engineers and team performance can be easily derived and evaluated statistically.

关键词： Intelligent agents Software engineering REG1A gene Postsynaptic Potentials BPIFA2 gene RIDA gene Agents Automation personal assistant visual representation computer software java java programming language Elements

Programmer's Guide to UnMES Construction and Spatial Application Documentation for UnMES Transition Package to NRL-SSC Final Report- Part B.

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Programmer's Guide to UnMES Construction and Spatial Applica...

作者： Rennie, S.

GitHub Copilot: the perfect Code compLeeter?

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Siroš, Ilja Singelée, Dave Preneel, Bart COSIC KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

This paper aims to evaluate GitHub Copilot’s generated code quality based on the LeetCode problem set using a custom automated framework. We evaluate the results of Copilot for 4 programming languages: java, C++, Python3 and Rust. We aim to evaluate Copilot’s reliability in the code generation stage, the correctness of the generated code and its dependency on the programming language, problem’s difficulty level and problem’s topic. In addition to that, we evaluate code’s time and memory efficiency and compare it to the average human results. In total, we generate solutions for 1760 problems for each programming language and evaluate all the Copilot’s suggestions for each problem, resulting in over 50000 submissions to LeetCode spread over a 2-month period. We found that Copilot successfully solved most of the problems. However, Copilot was rather more successful in generating code in java and C++ than in Python3 and Rust. Moreover, in case of Python3 Copilot proved to be rather unreliable in the code generation phase. We also discovered that Copilot’s top-ranked suggestions are not always the best. In addition, we analysed how the topic of the problem impacts the correctness rate. Finally, based on statistics information from LeetCode, we can conclude that Copilot generates more efficient code than an average human. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： java programming language

Development of a Triage Engine Enabling Behavior Recognition and Lethal Arrhythmia Detection for Remote Health Care System

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Development of a Triage Engine Enabling Behavior Recognition...

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Hiroto Sugano Shinsuke Hara Tetsuo Tsujioka Tadayuki Inoue Shigeyoshi Nakajima Takaaki Kozaki Hajime Namkamura Kazuhide Takeuchi Graduate school of engineering Osaka City University Graduate school of medicine Osaka City University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

For ubiquitous health care systems which continuously monitor a person's vital signs such as electrocardiogram (ECG), body surface temperature and three-dimensional (3D) acceleration by wireless, it is important to accurately detect the occurrence of an abnormal event in the data and immediately inform a medical doctor of its detail. In this paper, we introduce a remote health care system, which is composed of a wireless vital sensor, multiple receivers and a triage engine installed in a desktop personal computer (PC). The middleware installed in the receiver, which was developed in C++, supports reliable data handling of vital data to the ethernet port. On the other hand, the human interface of the triage engine, which was developed in java, shows graphics on his/her ECG data, 3D acceleration data, body surface temperature data and behavior status in the display of the desktop PC and sends an urgent e-mail containing the display data to a pre-registered medical doctor when it detects the occurrence of an abnormal event. In the triage engine, the lethal arrhythmia detection algorithm based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis can achieve 100% sensitivity and 99.99% specificity, and the behavior recognition algorithm based on the combination of the nearest neighbor method and the Naive Bayes method can achieve more than 71% classification accuracy.

关键词： Health Care Systems abnormal event Triage nearest neighbor algorithm Otolaryngologists Data Display STFT Engines java java programming language User Interface Device Component Bayes methods Ethernet networks Cardiac Arrhythmias wireless