We investigated relations between height-for-age and stunting at age 24 mo and human, social, and economic capital of Guatemalan adults aged >25 y. To our knowledge, our study is unique for 2 reasons. First, we inc...
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We investigated relations between height-for-age and stunting at age 24 mo and human, social, and economic capital of Guatemalan adults aged >25 y. To our knowledge, our study is unique for 2 reasons. First, we included a more-comprehensive set of outcomes than in any other previous prospective study, including human capital (schooling, intelligence, and reading), marriage, fertility, health (cardiovascular disease risk factors and physical performance), the labor market, and household poverty. Second, because growth failure occurs in contexts of poverty and low education and where caregivers make decisions under severe constraints, we controlled for confounding and measurement error through the use of instrumental variables (IVs), which is an approach that allows for the possibility of making causal inferences.
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