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Extracting ontological knowledge from java source code using Hidden Markov Models

OPEN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2019年第1期9卷 181-199页

作者： Jiomekong, Azanzi Camara, Gaoussou Tchuente, Maurice Univ Yaounde I Fac Sci Yaounde Cameroon Sorbonne Univ UMMISCO IRD F-93143 Bondy France Univ Alioune Diop Bambey LIMA Bambey Senegal

Ontologies have become a key element since many decades in information systems such as in epidemiological surveillance domain. Building domain ontologies requires the access to domain knowledge owned by domain experts or contained in knowledge sources. However, domain experts are not always available for interviews. Therefore, there is a lot of value in using ontology learning which consists in automatic or semi-automatic extraction of ontological knowledge from structured or unstructured knowledge sources such as texts, databases, etc. Many techniques have been used but they all are limited in concepts, properties and terminology extraction leaving behind axioms and rules. source code which naturally embed domain knowledge is rarely used. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for concepts, properties, axioms and rules learning from java source code. This approach is experimented with the source code of EPICAM, an epidemiological platform developed in java and used in Cameroon for tuberculosis surveillance. Domain experts involved in the evaluation estimated that knowledge extracted was relevant to the domain. In addition, we performed an automatic evaluation of the relevance of the terms extracted to the medical domain by aligning them with ontologies hosted on Bioportal platform through the Ontology Recommender tool. The results were interesting since the terms extracted were covered at 82.9% by many biomedical ontologies such as NCIT, SNOWMEDCT and ONTOPARON.

关键词： Knowledge Extraction Ontology Learning Hidden Markov Models java source code Viterbi

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A Patterns based reverse engineering approach for java source code

A Patterns based reverse engineering approach for Java sourc...

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35th IEEE Software Engineering Workshop (SEW)

作者： Couto, Rui Ribeiro, Antonio Nestor Campos, Jose Creissac Univ Minho Dept Informat Campus Gualtar P-4715057 Braga Portugal Univ Minho INESC TEC HASLab P-4715057 Braga Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549477;9781467355742

The ever increasing number of platforms and languages available to software developers means that the software industry is reaching high levels of complexity. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) presents a solution to the problem of improving software development processes in this changing and complex environment. MDA driven development is based on models definition and transformation. Design patterns provide a means to reuse proven solutions during development. Identifying design patterns in the models of a MDA approach helps their understanding, but also the identification of good practices during analysis. However, when analyzing or maintaining code that has not been developed according to MDA principles, or that has been changed independently from the models, the need arises to reverse engineer the models from the code prior to patterns' identification. The approach presented herein consists in transforming source code into models, and infer design patterns from these models. Erich Gamma's cataloged patterns provide us a starting point for the pattern inference process. MapIt, the tool which implements these functionalities is described.

关键词： Computer and computer services industries Pattern recognition design pattern java source code MDA(computers) Tenamfetamine computer software source code Reverse engineering PROBLEM SOLUTION Platform

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Enhanced Graph Neural Networks for Vulnerability Detection in java via Advanced Subgraph Construction 36th

Enhanced Graph Neural Networks for Vulnerability Detection i...

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36th International Conference on Testing Software and Systems

作者： Foulef, Rosmael Zidane Lekeufack Marchetto, Alessandro Univ Trento Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031808883;9783031808890

Software vulnerability detection (SVD) in source code remains a significant challenge, capturing the attention of researchers due to its critical importance. Numerous automated detection techniques have emerged, leveraging deep learning and large language models. Graph Neural Network models have been used for SVD and have shown promising results. However, graph-based models often struggle to capture long-term dependencies within code snippets due to simplistic hop neighborhood encoding. This study explores the potential of enhancing graph neural networks by capturing both local and global complex code structures through node and edge embeddings. By generating contextualised embeddings using Node2vec model, we aim to enrich the model's understanding of source code through an advanced subgraph construction. Our results demonstrate an improvement in the detection capabilities of graph neural networks for identifying vulnerabilities at the statement level in java source code. Specifically, the proposed approach has achieved a detection precision of up to 82.08% (i.e., improvement of 11.33%), enhancing the model's noise robustness and detection capability.

关键词： Vulnebility detection Deep learning Graph neural Networks java source code Embedding

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Model-Based Continuous Integration Testing of Responsiveness of Web Applications 8

Model-Based Continuous Integration Testing of Responsiveness...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)

作者： Brajnik, Giorgio Baruzzo, Andrea Fabbro, Sara Univ Udine Dip Matemat & Informat Udine Italy Interact Design Solut Udine Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479971251

The problem we tackle deals with testing responsiveness of Web applications across different user platforms, which are combinations of browsers, operating systems, devices and device orientation. Because of the variety of such environmental conditions, the behavior of the Web application (the application under test, AUT) can differ widely. Failure modes such as buttons not being visible, feedback boxes located in the wrong position, user interface (UI) components not behaving properly are very common and may affect only some of the platforms. Even when practitioners adopt services such as Browserstack that provide virtualization of user platforms, identification of such defects is very demanding, and as a consequence it is seldom performed in a continuous integration fashion. Unfortunately, layout requirements of UIs tend to change very frequently, and the result is that changes are often not tested well enough. What is needed is a software test automation solution. We tackled this problem by adopting a model-based approach, centered on models that represent the data manipulated by the UI and its behavior. A compiler reads these models, integrates model annotations providing details about UI implementation and about test oracles, and produces java source code of a test harness. The test harness hides details about the Document Object Model (DOM), about the particular test driver that is used to drive the AUT, and details about the oracles that can be used to check if the AUT satisfies certain properties, such as those dealing with its layout. The test engineer can write high level code for jUnit/TestNG test cases, which can then be run on all the desired platforms, using Selenium as a driver.

关键词： web applications Responsiveness Driving test java source code Platform Browsers Virtualization FAILURE MODES

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An Empirical Study on Retrieving Structural Clones Using Sequence Pattern Mining Algorithms 14

An Empirical Study on Retrieving Structural Clones Using Seq...

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16th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-Based Applications and Services (iiWAS)

作者： Udagawa, Yoshihisa Tokyo Polytech Univ Fac Engn 1583 Iiyama Atsugi Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330015

Many clone detection techniques focus on fragments of duplicated code, i.e., simple clones. Structural clones are simple clones within a syntactic boundary that are good candidates for refactoring. In this paper, a new approach for detection of structural clones in source code is presented. The proposed approach is parse-tree-based and is enhanced by frequent subsequence mining. It comprises three stages: preprocessing, mining frequent statement sequences, and fine-matching for structural clones using a modified longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm. The lengths of control statements in a programming language and method identifiers differ;thus, a conventional LCS algorithm does not return the expected length of matched identifiers. We propose an encoding algorithm for control statements and method identifiers. Retrieval experiments were conducted using the java SWING source code. The results show that the proposed data mining algorithm detects clones comprising 51 extracted statements. Our modified LCS algorithm retrieves a number of structural clones with arbitrary statement gaps.

关键词： Structural clone java source code Control statement Method identifier Frequent subsequence mining

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An Algorithm for Keyword Search on an Execution Path

An Algorithm for Keyword Search on an Execution Path

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Software Evolution Week / IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance, Reengineering, and Reverse Engineering (CSMR-WCRE)

作者： Kamiya, Toshihiro Future Univ Hakodate Sch Syst Informat Sci Dept Media Architecture Hakodate Hokkaido 0418655 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937523

This paper presents a code-search method, which includes an algorithm of keyword code-search and a prototype implementation. In this paper, a query is a set of keywords and a search result is a set of execution paths fulfilling the query, that is, each of the execution paths includes all of the keywords. Here, an execution path represents one of all levels of method calls of all possible dynamic dispatches in an OO program;thus, many execution paths can be generated even from a small program. The algorithm works on a data structure named an And/Or/Call graph, which is a compact representation of execution paths. The prototype implementation searches names of methods or types, or words in string literals from java source code.

关键词： directed graphs object-oriented programming query processing java source code OO program and-or-call graph code-search method data structure execution path keyword code-search algorithm object-oriented program query search result Couplings Data structures Indexing java Prototypes Receivers Software

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Device Driver Programming in a Transactional DSM Operating System 02

Device Driver Programming in a Transactional DSM Operating S...

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Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference

作者： T. Bindhammer R. Goeckelmann O. Marquardt M. Schoettner M. Wende P. Schuithess Department of Distributed Systems University Ulm Oberer Eselsberg 27 89069 Ulm

ISBN: (纸本)0909925844

The Plurix project implements an object-oriented operating system (OS) for PC clusters. Network communication is implemented via the distributed shared memory (DSM) paradigm. Memory consistency is maintained by restartable transactions and an optimistic synchronization scheme, that have been used in database technology in the past. Originally, DSM systems were built to support parallel algorithms, but using DSM as a foundation for a general purpose OS offers interesting perspectives in designing and using distributed applications. The OS, including kernel and all drivers, is written in Plurix java. Our java compiler directly translates java source code into Intel machine instructions. Some minor language extensions support device-level programming. During the development of the system we identified conceptual problems which are caused by the restartability requirement of transactions. Clearly interrupts do not reoccur in case of an aborted transaction. Without proper precaution interrupts would get lost or devices could receive broken commands. In this paper we shortly review our DSM system and present the "smart buffer" concept to bridge the gap between restartable DSM transactions and non-restartable device operations and events. Finally, we validate our proposed solution by performance measurements and compare the kernel interface to traditional operating systems.

关键词： distributed shared memory driver development optimistic concurrency control operating system Operating systems Distributed shared memory Concurrency control java compiler java source code Network communication device drivers

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SPARQL Queries over source code

SPARQL Queries over Source Code

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IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing

作者： Mattia Setzu Maurizio Atzori Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cagliari

ISBN: (纸本)9781509006632

We introduce a framework to extract and parse java source code, serialize it into RDF triples by applying an appropriate ontology and then analyze the resulting structured code information by using standard SPARQL queries. We present our experiments on a sample of 134 java repositories collected from Github, obtaining 17 Million triples about methods, input and output types, comments, and other source code information. Experiments also address the scalability of the framework. We finally provide examples of the level of expressivity that can be achieved with SPARQL by using our proposed ontology and semantic technologies.

关键词： source code Frameworks Scalability java source code Ontology Semantic technology serialize Parsing

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An Emulation Solution for the SegBus Platform

An Emulation Solution for the SegBus Platform

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Annual IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems

作者： Moazzam Fareed Niazi Hannu Tenhunen Tiberiu Seceleanu TUCS Turku Centre for Computer Science Department of Information Technology University of Turku UCS Turku Centre for Computer Science Department of Information Technology University of Turku ABB Corporate Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465378;9780769540054

The paper presents an emulation solution for a multi-core segmented bus platform, SegBus, to assess the performance aspects of any specific application on a particular platform configuration, modeled in UML. We present method to transform Platform Specific Model (PSM) of application into java source code using modeling tool and how the generated code can be utilized by the emulator program to get the execution results. The solution enables us to estimate performance aspects with different platform configurations together with the application at early stages of the design process.

关键词： design process Platform simulating java source code UML Solution Solutions Legal Executions

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