Language & knowledge engineering is essential for the successfully development of artificial intelligence. The technologies proposed in international forums are meant to improve all areas of our daily life whether...
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Language & knowledge engineering is essential for the successfully development of artificial intelligence. The technologies proposed in international forums are meant to improve all areas of our daily life whether it is related to production industries, social communities, government, education, or something else. We consider very important to reveal the recent advances Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems applied to Language & knowledge engineering because they are the base for the society of tomorrow. Thus, the aim of this special issue of Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems is to present a collection of papers that cover recent research results on the two wide topics: language and knowledge engineering. Even if the special issue is structured into these two general topics, we have covered specific themes such as the following ones: Natural Language Processing, knowledge engineering, Pattern recognition, Artificial Intelligence and Language, Information Processing, Machine Learning Applied to Text Processing, Image and Text Classification, Multimodal data analysis, sentiment analysis, etc.
In 1983, the Commission of the European Communities launched 10-year program to improve Europe's standing in the production of information technology. The program is called Esprit (European Strategic Program for R...
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In 1983, the Commission of the European Communities launched 10-year program to improve Europe's standing in the production of information technology. The program is called Esprit (European Strategic Program for Research and Development in Information Technology). Esprit's achievements in the field of knowledge engineering are discussed. Specifically, the KADS II, Valid, NOMOS, Acknowledge, Reflect, Quic, and Construct projects are reviewed
This paper presents the Object-Oriented knowledge engineering (OOKE) methodology and its application in developing an expert system. OOKE is an expert system development methodology which incorporates the conceptual m...
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This paper presents the Object-Oriented knowledge engineering (OOKE) methodology and its application in developing an expert system. OOKE is an expert system development methodology which incorporates the conceptual modelling tool of Inferential Modelling Technique into the analysis model of the Object-Oriented Software engineering methodology. It was applied to develop a supervisory and decision support system for monitor and control of a water distribution system called the Water Advisor. The expertise, heuristics and reasoning knowledge of experts were acquired and then formulated in a model building process using the OOKE into a conceptual model which became the basis for a prototype expert system.
The primary aim of this work was the development of a uniform, contextualized and sustainable knowledge-based framework to support adverse drug event (ADE) prevention via Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs). In ...
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The primary aim of this work was the development of a uniform, contextualized and sustainable knowledge-based framework to support adverse drug event (ADE) prevention via Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs). In this regard, the employed methodology involved first the systematic.: analysis and formalization of the knowledge sources elaborated in the scope of this work, through which an application-specific knowledge model has been defined. The entire framework architecture has been then specified and implemented by adopting Computer Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) as the knowledge engineering formalism for its construction. The framework integrates diverse and dynamic knowledge sources in the form of rule-based ADE signals, all under a uniform knowledge Base (KB) stricture, according to the defined knowledge model. Equally important, it employs the means to contextualize the encapsulated knowledge, in order to provide appropriate support considering the specific local environment (hospital, medical department, language, etc.), as well as the mechanisms for knowledge querying, inference, sharing, and management. In this paper, we present thoroughly the establishment of the proposed knowledge framework by presenting the employed methodology and the results obtained as regards implementation, performance and validation aspects that highlight its applicability and virtue in medication safety. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Help desks are computer-aided environments in customer support centers that provide frontline support to external and internal customers. The paper reports on an automated help desk system developed at an information ...
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Help desks are computer-aided environments in customer support centers that provide frontline support to external and internal customers. The paper reports on an automated help desk system developed at an information technology company. With the proliferation of diverse software and hardware, the center provides support to a large variety of client systems. The number of calls increases while the turnover rate of employees is high, which means the cost of training escalates. The objective of this project is to develop an automated case-based help desk system to support both call center personnel and customers. The system would contribute to shortening the response time on incoming calls and reduce training time for new employees. The focus of the paper is on the knowledge engineering process of the system. We discuss in detail the knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, system implementation and verification processes, and we emphasize the structured and automated development methods adopted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper gives an overview of the development of the field of knowledge engineering over the last 15 years. We discuss the paradigm shift from a transfer view to a modeling view and describe two approaches which con...
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This paper gives an overview of the development of the field of knowledge engineering over the last 15 years. We discuss the paradigm shift from a transfer view to a modeling view and describe two approaches which considerably shaped research in knowledge engineering: Role-limiting Methods and Generic Tasks. To illustrate various concepts and methods which evolved in recent years we describe three modeling frameworks: CommonKADS, MIKE and PROTEGE-II. This description is supplemented by discussing some important methodological developments in more detail: specification languages for knowledge-based systems, problem-solving methods and ontologies. We conclude by outlining the relationship of knowledge engineering to Software engineering, Information Integration and knowledge Management.
The design and assessment of safety critical systems often involves broad and distributed teams of designers, suppliers and analysts who represent diverse areas of expertise and motivations. Accurate and effective com...
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The design and assessment of safety critical systems often involves broad and distributed teams of designers, suppliers and analysts who represent diverse areas of expertise and motivations. Accurate and effective communication between these groups is therefore an issue of primary importance. The formalisation of specifications and arguments of safety can be of significant benefit in ensuring the consistency of evidence in such cases, when it must be presented across many domains. However, a formal description of a safety critical system may be unconvincing unless it is presented in a form which is (or forms which are) accessible to the broad range of users and assessors of safety cases. This raises issues of human communication which include the tailoring of information to particular communicative tasks;the efficacy of differing media for communication and the cognitive impact that such differing media have. This paper draws together work in fields of knowledge engineering, knowledge based systems and human communication in an effort to address, from a sound theoretical basis, these and other communication issues raised by the use of formal descriptions in safety critical systems. Further, this paper argues that a primary role for knowledge based systems techniques in safety critical systems is in supporting the communication of information.
This paper discusses the theory and practice of expert-system applications in the field of power-plant control and operation. First, this paper summarizes the historical trend of AI technology in general. Then, it des...
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This paper discusses the theory and practice of expert-system applications in the field of power-plant control and operation. First, this paper summarizes the historical trend of AI technology in general. Then, it describes and discusses two expert-system examples, namely, a plant automation ES and a turbine vibration diagnostic ES. Finally, it discusses the relationship between a human operator and AI technology, including an iterative design approach for safety-related systems.
A document retrieval system based on fuzzy set theory is described in this paper. Weights, as fuzzy characteristic functions, can be assigned to descriptors in the query expression and to index terms in the document d...
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A document retrieval system based on fuzzy set theory is described in this paper. Weights, as fuzzy characteristic functions, can be assigned to descriptors in the query expression and to index terms in the document description. Fuzzy set theory allows one to calculate a relevance value for each document from weights assigned to documents and queries. The relevance value for each document is calculated following different models. An elicitation mechanism is used to generate and to enhance the thesaurus structure. The thesaurus guides the retrieval operations.
This paper presents a broad overview of knowledge engineering (KE). This is a research area that aims to develop methodologies, techniques and tools to support the construction of knowledge-based systems, supporting m...
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This paper presents a broad overview of knowledge engineering (KE). This is a research area that aims to develop methodologies, techniques and tools to support the construction of knowledge-based systems, supporting management and dissemination of knowledge. The objective of this paper is to bring together, in a single document, important definitions and concepts of KE, presenting its history, main methodologies, tools and techniques found in the literature. knowledge systems are increasingly needed, due to the constant growth of data and information. The integration and interoperability between these systems are challenges in this area, where KE can contribute through its available mechanisms.
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