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KITSS - USING knowledge-based software engineering FOR FUNCTIONAL TESTING 5th

5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDUSTRIAL AND engineering APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS ( IEA/AIE-92 )

作者： NONNENMANN, U EDDY, JK AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill 07974 NJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)354055601X

Automated testing of large embedded systems is one of the most expensive and time-consuming parts of the software life cycle. The knowledge-based Interactive Test Script System (KITSS) automates functional testing in the domain of telephone switching software. KITSS uses novel Artificial Intelligence approaches to improving this software engineering activity. KITSS has a statistical parser to support the specification of test cases in English. These tests are converted into a formal representation that is audited for coverage and sanity. To accomplish the conversion, KITSS uses a theorem prover-based inference mechanism and a knowledge base as the domain model with both a static terminological logic and a dynamic temporal logic. Finally, the corrected tests are translated into an automated test language. © 1992, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： software TESTING LARGE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS knowledge-based software engineering STATISTICAL PARSING AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING

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Towards knowledge-intensive software engineering 10

Towards Knowledge-intensive Software Engineering

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10th International Conference on software Technologies (ICSOFT)

作者： Cauvin, Samuel R. Sleeman, Derek Vasconcelos, Wamberto W. Univ Aberdeen Dept Comp Sci Kings Coll Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9789897581397

This research explores relations between software artefacts and explicitly represented (domain) knowledge. More specifically, we investigate ways in which domain knowledge (represented as ontologies) can support software engineering activities and, conversely, how software artefacts (e.g., programs, methods, and UML diagrams) can support the creation of ontologies. In our approach, class names, and class properties are the principal entities which are extracted from both sources. We implemented a tool, called Facilitator, to support programmers and knowledge engineers when they develop ontologies or programs. This tool provides a list of connections between the ontology and Java project, and provides reasons why these connections have been identified. These connections are created by matching names, types, and superclass-subclass relationships. Facilitator provides a range of semantic web enabled functionalities.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering

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Applying case-based reasoning to support dynamic framework documentation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software engineering AND knowledge engineering 2001年第4期11卷 479-502页

作者： Gómez-Albarrán, M González-Calero, PA Univ Madrid Dept Sistemas Informat & Programac Madrid 28040 Spain

From the framework-based application developer point of view, good documentation approaches are those that gather appropriate framework information (usage experiences, descriptive knowledge) and provide efficient mechanisms both for accessing the information represented and discovering new information from the initial one. F rom the framework developer point of view, documentation approaches involving a low development effort are preferable. This paper presents a Case-based Reasoning approach for framework documentation whose retrieval and adaptation mechanisms help framework users in the access and discovery processes. The learning mechanism lets the user enrich the initial set of usage experiences, reducing thereby the initial documentation development effort.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering knowledge representation case-based reasoning object-oriented framework documentation and reuse

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KBMS - A knowledge-based SYSTEM FOR MODELING software SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON knowledge AND DATA engineering 1992年第3期4卷 238-252页

作者： ZEROUAL, K ROBILLARD, PN UNIV SHERBROOKE DEPT MATH & INFORMATSHERBROOKE J1K 2R1QUEBECCANADA ECOLE POLYTECH DEPT GENIE ELECT & GENIE INFORMATMONTREAL H3C 3A7QUEBECCANADA

Recent research results in software engineering have shown that the process of formalizing and automating software specification activity is moving towards knowledge-based specification systems. In this paper, we present a modeling approach and a knowledge-based system that assist in the requirement acquisition and the development as well as the maintenance of software system specifications.

关键词： software engineering software MODELING knowledge-based software engineering SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENT ACQUISITION SPECIFICATION TOOLS

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A knowledge-based method for inferring semantic concepts from visual models of system behavior

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering AND METHODOLOGY 2000年第3期9卷 306-337页

作者： Mills, KL Gomaa, H Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA George Mason Univ Dept Informat & Software Engn Fairfax VA 22030 USA

software designers use visual models, such as data flow/control flow diagrams or object collaboration diagrams, to express system behavior in a form that can be understood easily by users and by programmers, and from which designers can generate a software architecture. The research described in this paper is motivated by a desire to provide an automated designer's assistant that can generate software architectures for concurrent systems directly from behavioral models expressed visually as flow diagrams. To achieve this goal, an automated designer's assistant must be capable of interpreting flow diagrams in semantic, rather than syntactic, terms. While semantic concepts can be attached manually to diagrams using labels, such as stereotypes in the Unified Modeling Language (UML), this paper considers the possibility of providing automated assistance to infer appropriate tags for symbols on a flow diagram. The approach relies upon constructing an underlying metamodel that defines semantic concepts based upon (1) syntactic relationships among visual symbols and (2) inheritance relationships among semantic concepts. Given such a metamodel, a rule-based inference engine can, in many situations, infer the presence of semantic concepts on a flow diagram, and can tag symbols accordingly. Further, an object-oriented query system can compare semantic tags on diagram instances for conformance with their definition in the metamodel. To illustrate the approach, the paper describes a metamodel for data flow/control flow diagrams used in the context of a specific software modeling method, Concurrent Object-based Real-time Analysis (COBRA). The metamodel is implemented using an expert-system shell, CLIPS V6.0, which integrates an object-oriented language with a rule-based inference engine. The paper applies the implemented metamodel to design software for an automobile cruise-control system and provides an evaluation of the approach based upon results from four case studies. For t

关键词： software design methods visual modeling knowledge-based software engineering Concurrent Systems concept classification systems semantic data modeling

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REPRESENTATION AND PRESENTATION OF REQUIREMENTS knowledge

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1992年第10期18卷 853-869页

作者： JOHNSON, WL FEATHER, MS HARRIS, DR LOCKHEED SANDERS SIGNAL PROC CTR TECHNOLNASHUANH 03061

This paper describes the approach to representation and presentation of knowledge used in ARIES, an environment to experiment with support for analysts in modeling target domains and in entering and formalizing system requirements. To effectively do this, ARIES must manage a variety of notations so that analysts can enter information in a natural manner, and ARIES can present it back in different notations and from different viewpoints. To provide this functionality we use a single, highly expressive, internal representation for all information in the system. Our system architecture separates representation and presentation, in order to localize consistency and propagation issues. The presentation architecture is tailored to be flexible enough so that we can easily introduce new notations on top of the underlying representation. We have coupled presentation knowledge to specification evolution knowledge, thereby leveraging common representations for both in order to provide automated focusing support to users who need informative guidance in creating and modifying specifications.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS software PRESENTATION software REUSE software SPECIFICATION TRANSFORMATIONS

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knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 2002年第3期28卷 228-255页

作者： Mills, KL Gomaa, H Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA George Mason Univ Fairfax VA 22030 USA

This paper describes a knowledge-based approach to automate a software design method for concurrent systems. The approach uses multiple paradigms to represent knowledge embedded in the design method. Semantic data modeling provides the means to represent concepts from a behavioral modeling technique, called Concurrent Object-based Real-time Analysis (COBRA), which defines system behavior using data/control flow diagrams. Entity-Relationship modeling is used to represent a design metamodel based on a design method, called COncurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (CODARTS), which represents concurrent designs as software architecture diagrams, task behavior specifications, and module specifications. Production rules provide the mechanism for codifying a set of CODARTS heuristics that can generate concurrent designs based on semantic concepts included in COBRA behavioral models and on entities and relationships included in CODARTS design metamodels. Together, the semantic data model, the entity-relationship model, and the production rules, when encoded using an expert-system shelf, compose CODA, an automated designer's assistant. Other forms of automated reasoning, such as knowledge-based queries, can be used to check the correctness and completeness of generated designs with respect to properties defined in the CODARTS design metamodel. CODA is applied to generate 10 concurrent designs for four real-time problems. The paper reports the degree of automation achieved by CODA. The paper also evaluates the quality of generated designs by comparing the similarity between designs produced by CODA and human designs reported in the literature for the same problems. In addition, the paper compares CODA with four other approaches used to automate software design methods.

关键词： automated software engineering knowledge-based software engineering software design concurrent and real-time system design

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TEAMWORK SUPPORT IN A knowledge-based INFORMATION-SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1991年第5期17卷 467-482页

作者： HAHN, U JARKE, M ROSE, T UNIV PASSAU W-8390 PASSAUGERMANY RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN LEHRSTUHL INFORMAT 5CHAIR INFORMAT SYSTW-5100 AACHENGERMANY UNIV TORONTO DEPT COMP SCITORONTO M5S 1A4ONTARIOCANADA

DAIDA is an experimental environment for the knowledge-assisted development and maintenance of database-intensive information systems from object-oriented requirements and specifications. Within the DAIDA framework, the CoNeX project has developed an approach to integrate different tasks encountered in software projects via a conceptual modeling strategy. Emphasis is put on integrating the semantics of the software development domain with aspects of group work, on social strategies to negotiate problems by argumentation, and on assigning responsibilities for task fulfillment by way of contracting. The implementation of a CoNeX prototype is demonstrated with a sample session.

关键词： COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK GROUP PROBLEM-SOLVING INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTS knowledge-based software engineering MULTIAGENT CONVERSATIONS

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NLCI: a natural language command interpreter

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AUTOMATED software engineering 2017年第4期24卷 839-861页

作者： Landhaeusser, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Program Struct & Data Org Karlsruhe Germany

Natural language interfaces are becoming more and more common, because they are powerful and easy to use. Examples of such interfaces are voice controlled navigation devices, Apple's personal assistant Siri, Google Voice Search, and translation services. However, such interfaces are extremely difficult to build, to maintain, and to port to new domains. We present an approach for building and porting such interfaces quickly. NLCI is a natural language command interpreter that accepts action commands in English and translates them into executable code. The core component is an ontology that models an API. Once the API is "ontologized", NLCI translates input sentences into sequences of API calls that implement the intended actions. Two radically different APIs were ontologized: openHAB for home automation and Alice for building 3D animations. Construction of the ontology can be automated if the API uses descriptive names for its components. In that case, the language interface can be generated completely automatically. Recall and precision of NLCI on a benchmark of 50 input scripts are 67 and 78 %, resp. Though not yet acceptable for practical use, the results indicate that the approach is feasible. NLCI accepts typed input only. Future work will use a speech front-end to test spoken input.

关键词： Programming in natural language End-user programming knowledge-based software engineering Program synthesis Natural language processing for software engineering

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EXECUTABLE SPECIFICATION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE DESIGN OF CONCURRENT OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software engineering AND knowledge engineering 1994年第4期4卷 427-450页

作者： DENG, Y CHANG, SK LIN, XL FLORIDA INT UNIV SCH COMP MIAMI FL 33199 USA UNIV PITTSBURGH SCH COMP PITTSBURGH PA 15260 USA

This paper investigates the analysis of concurrent OO designs using a formal, executable specification technique called G-Net. After presenting an overview of the G-Net technique, we show how to use the G-Net notation to specify the concurrent OO systems. A formal transformation technique, which translates a G-Net specification to a semantically equivalent PrT-net, is presented. The resultant PrT-net can then be formally analyzed. The practical significance of this approach in fault-tolerant systems and distributed multimedia systems design is discussed.

关键词： CONCURRENT OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS EXECUTABLE SPECIFICATIONS FORMAL ANALYSIS PETRI NETS knowledge-based software engineering

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