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6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in software engineering (RAISE)

作者： Weigelt, Sebastian Hey, Tobias Landhaeusser, Mathias Karlsruhe Inst Technol Karlsruhe Germany ThingsTHINKING GmbH Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357234

Spoken language interfaces are the latest trend in human computer interaction. Users enjoy the newly found freedom but developers face an unfamiliar and daunting task. Creating reactive spoken language interfaces requires skills in natural language processing. We show how a developer can integrate a dialog component in a natural language processing system by means of software engineering methods. Our research project PARSE that aims at naturalistic end-user programming in spoken natural language serves as an example. We integrate a dialog component with PARSE without affecting its other components: We modularize the dialog management and introduce dialog acts that bundle a trigger for the dialog and the reaction of the system. We implemented three dialog acts to address the following issues: speech recognition uncertainties, coreference ambiguities, and incomplete conditionals. We conducted a user study with ten subjects to evaluate our approach. The dialog component achieved resolution rates from 23% to 50% (depending on the dialog act) and introduces a negligible number of errors. We expect the overall performance to increase even further with the implementation of additional dialog acts.

关键词： Programming in natural language naturalistic programming end-user programming knowledge-based software engineering natural language processing for software engineering dialog systems dialog integration human-computer interaction

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NLCI: a natural language command interpreter

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AUTOMATED software engineering 2017年第4期24卷 839-861页

作者： Landhaeusser, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Program Struct & Data Org Karlsruhe Germany

Natural language interfaces are becoming more and more common, because they are powerful and easy to use. Examples of such interfaces are voice controlled navigation devices, Apple's personal assistant Siri, Google Voice Search, and translation services. However, such interfaces are extremely difficult to build, to maintain, and to port to new domains. We present an approach for building and porting such interfaces quickly. NLCI is a natural language command interpreter that accepts action commands in English and translates them into executable code. The core component is an ontology that models an API. Once the API is "ontologized", NLCI translates input sentences into sequences of API calls that implement the intended actions. Two radically different APIs were ontologized: openHAB for home automation and Alice for building 3D animations. Construction of the ontology can be automated if the API uses descriptive names for its components. In that case, the language interface can be generated completely automatically. Recall and precision of NLCI on a benchmark of 50 input scripts are 67 and 78 %, resp. Though not yet acceptable for practical use, the results indicate that the approach is feasible. NLCI accepts typed input only. Future work will use a speech front-end to test spoken input.

关键词： Programming in natural language End-user programming knowledge-based software engineering Program synthesis Natural language processing for software engineering

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NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

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software engineering 2017

作者： Landhäußer, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

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Towards knowledge-intensive software engineering 10

Towards Knowledge-intensive Software Engineering

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10th International Conference on software Technologies (ICSOFT)

作者： Cauvin, Samuel R. Sleeman, Derek Vasconcelos, Wamberto W. Univ Aberdeen Dept Comp Sci Kings Coll Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9789897581397

This research explores relations between software artefacts and explicitly represented (domain) knowledge. More specifically, we investigate ways in which domain knowledge (represented as ontologies) can support software engineering activities and, conversely, how software artefacts (e.g., programs, methods, and UML diagrams) can support the creation of ontologies. In our approach, class names, and class properties are the principal entities which are extracted from both sources. We implemented a tool, called Facilitator, to support programmers and knowledge engineers when they develop ontologies or programs. This tool provides a list of connections between the ontology and Java project, and provides reasons why these connections have been identified. These connections are created by matching names, types, and superclass-subclass relationships. Facilitator provides a range of semantic web enabled functionalities.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering

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Keynote address: the actual implementation will be derived from the formal specification -- KBSA, 1983 10

Keynote address: the actual implementation will be derived f...

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Proceedings of the 25th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated software engineering

作者： Cordell Green Kestrel Institute Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301169

The 1983 KBSA (knowledge-based software Assistant) report led to the founding of the KBSE (knowledge-based software engineering conference series. The KBSE conference then changed into the ASE conference in 1997. And this year marks the 25th anniversary of the conference *** an author of the KBSA report I was invited to talk here about the report and the beginnings of the conference. I will also discuss my own early research in program synthesis and logic programming, leading up to the KBSA *** will visit some of the goals/milestones in the KBSA report. For example, the report calls for a formal requirements language, executable specifications, and a transformation *** report also calls for a future development process in which "The transformation from requirements to specifications to implementations will be carried out with automated, knowledge-based assistance"; i.e., "the actual implementation will be derived from the formal specification", and "the [software] development and the proof of correctness will be co-derived".Then I will describe recent progress at Kestrel Institute, including a higher-order logic specification of a small operating system.

关键词： development processes requirements languages knowledge-based software engineering program synthesis

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Ontology-Driven Information Systems: Past, Present and Future

Ontology-Driven Information Systems: Past, Present and Futur...

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5th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems

作者： Uschold, Michael Reinvent Technol Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781586039233

We trace the roots of ontology-drive information systems (ODIS) back to early work in artificial intelligence and software engineering. We examine the lofty goals of the knowledge-based software Assistant project from the 80s, and pose some questions. Why didn't it work? What do we have today instead? What is on the horizon? We examine two critical ideas in software engineering: raising the level of abstraction, and the use of formal methods. We examine several other key technologies and show how they paved the way for today's ODIS. We identify two companies with Surprising capabilities that are on the bleeding edge of today's ODIS, and are pointing the way to a bright future. In that future, application development will be opened up to the masses, who will require no computer science background. People will create models in visual environments and the models will be the applications, self-documenting and executing as they are being built. Neither humans nor computers will be writing application code. Most functionality will be created by reusing and combining pre-coded functionality. All application software will be ontology-driven.

关键词： Ontology-driven information systems model driven architecture knowledge-based software engineering automated software engineering visual programming automatic programming ontology semantic web semantic technology domain modeling

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knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 2002年第3期28卷 228-255页

作者： Mills, KL Gomaa, H Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA George Mason Univ Fairfax VA 22030 USA

This paper describes a knowledge-based approach to automate a software design method for concurrent systems. The approach uses multiple paradigms to represent knowledge embedded in the design method. Semantic data modeling provides the means to represent concepts from a behavioral modeling technique, called Concurrent Object-based Real-time Analysis (COBRA), which defines system behavior using data/control flow diagrams. Entity-Relationship modeling is used to represent a design metamodel based on a design method, called COncurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (CODARTS), which represents concurrent designs as software architecture diagrams, task behavior specifications, and module specifications. Production rules provide the mechanism for codifying a set of CODARTS heuristics that can generate concurrent designs based on semantic concepts included in COBRA behavioral models and on entities and relationships included in CODARTS design metamodels. Together, the semantic data model, the entity-relationship model, and the production rules, when encoded using an expert-system shelf, compose CODA, an automated designer's assistant. Other forms of automated reasoning, such as knowledge-based queries, can be used to check the correctness and completeness of generated designs with respect to properties defined in the CODARTS design metamodel. CODA is applied to generate 10 concurrent designs for four real-time problems. The paper reports the degree of automation achieved by CODA. The paper also evaluates the quality of generated designs by comparing the similarity between designs produced by CODA and human designs reported in the literature for the same problems. In addition, the paper compares CODA with four other approaches used to automate software design methods.

关键词： automated software engineering knowledge-based software engineering software design concurrent and real-time system design

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Applying case-based reasoning to support dynamic framework documentation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software engineering AND knowledge engineering 2001年第4期11卷 479-502页

作者： Gómez-Albarrán, M González-Calero, PA Univ Madrid Dept Sistemas Informat & Programac Madrid 28040 Spain

From the framework-based application developer point of view, good documentation approaches are those that gather appropriate framework information (usage experiences, descriptive knowledge) and provide efficient mechanisms both for accessing the information represented and discovering new information from the initial one. F rom the framework developer point of view, documentation approaches involving a low development effort are preferable. This paper presents a Case-based Reasoning approach for framework documentation whose retrieval and adaptation mechanisms help framework users in the access and discovery processes. The learning mechanism lets the user enrich the initial set of usage experiences, reducing thereby the initial documentation development effort.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering knowledge representation case-based reasoning object-oriented framework documentation and reuse

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A knowledge-based method for inferring semantic concepts from visual models of system behavior

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering AND METHODOLOGY 2000年第3期9卷 306-337页

作者： Mills, KL Gomaa, H Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA George Mason Univ Dept Informat & Software Engn Fairfax VA 22030 USA

software designers use visual models, such as data flow/control flow diagrams or object collaboration diagrams, to express system behavior in a form that can be understood easily by users and by programmers, and from which designers can generate a software architecture. The research described in this paper is motivated by a desire to provide an automated designer's assistant that can generate software architectures for concurrent systems directly from behavioral models expressed visually as flow diagrams. To achieve this goal, an automated designer's assistant must be capable of interpreting flow diagrams in semantic, rather than syntactic, terms. While semantic concepts can be attached manually to diagrams using labels, such as stereotypes in the Unified Modeling Language (UML), this paper considers the possibility of providing automated assistance to infer appropriate tags for symbols on a flow diagram. The approach relies upon constructing an underlying metamodel that defines semantic concepts based upon (1) syntactic relationships among visual symbols and (2) inheritance relationships among semantic concepts. Given such a metamodel, a rule-based inference engine can, in many situations, infer the presence of semantic concepts on a flow diagram, and can tag symbols accordingly. Further, an object-oriented query system can compare semantic tags on diagram instances for conformance with their definition in the metamodel. To illustrate the approach, the paper describes a metamodel for data flow/control flow diagrams used in the context of a specific software modeling method, Concurrent Object-based Real-time Analysis (COBRA). The metamodel is implemented using an expert-system shell, CLIPS V6.0, which integrates an object-oriented language with a rule-based inference engine. The paper applies the implemented metamodel to design software for an automobile cruise-control system and provides an evaluation of the approach based upon results from four case studies. For t

关键词： software design methods visual modeling knowledge-based software engineering Concurrent Systems concept classification systems semantic data modeling

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A METHOD FOR REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND knowledge ELICITATION

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International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 1996年第1N02期5卷 167-183页

作者： ALAN LIU JEFFREY J.P. TSAI Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Ming-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan ROC Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607–7053 USA

Requirements analysis is a knowledge intensive task and it requires an expert to understand what the clients need. In this paper, we introduce a method which contains different artificial intelligence techniques to perform this task, and a prototype knowledge-based requirements analysis system, RAKES, is presented to explain our approach. In this approach, not only the ordinary functional requirements are collected, but also some non-traditional information, such as non-functional requirements like the quality of operations or the background information for constructing the requirements, is gathered through a knowledge-based support. Different kinds of information collected are stored and organized in a knowledge base and can be used as the source of the user input in the latter phases of software development. Algorithms and procedures have been developed for constructing the interface language, organizing the knowledge base, and applying the knowledge base to different tasks. RAKES is integrated to an on-going research, called the FRORL methodology, to offer a systematic way toward requirements analysis, specification production, prototype generation, specification debugging, and code transformation.

关键词： knowledge-based software engineering requirements analysis knowledge base non-functional requirements

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