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Dispersed-sparsity-aware lms algorithm for scattering-sparse system identification

SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年 225卷

作者： Wang, Chengcheng Wei, Ye Yukawa, Masahiro Aicadium Singapore Pte Ltd Singapore 238891 Singapore Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore 487372 Singapore Keio Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Yokohama 2238522 Japan

We develop a least-mean-squares (lms) algorithm to identify scattering-sparse systems, where the few significantly large coefficients of the unknown impulse response are dispersed along the full length, instead of grouped into clusters. Many wireless communication channels such as the underwater acoustic channels, cellular communication channels and aviation channels are typical scattering-sparse systems. In the proposed strategy, the difference between the 81 1-norm and t infinity,1-norm infinity,1-norm of the uniformly-divided tap-weight vector of the adaptive filter is utilized as a penalty and is introduced into the mean-square-error cost function, where the 'infinity,1-norm infinity,1-norm of the tap-weight vector is used to locate the unknown large coefficients in view of the characteristics of dispersed sparsity. A dispersed-sparsity-aware lms (DS-lms) algorithm is then proposed by following the stochastic subgradient method. We study the mean and mean-square behaviors of the proposed algorithm. We also provide theoretical guidelines for the parameter settings that ensure that the proposed DS-lms algorithm converges to a lower mean-square-deviation (MSD) level than the traditional lms algorithm. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed DS-lms algorithm, and correctness of the theoretical findings.

关键词： Adaptive filter lms algorithm System identification Dispersed sparsity Mean-square-deviation

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Thinking about thinking: The discovery of the lms algorithm

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2005年第1期22卷 100-+页

作者： Widrow, B the signal processing department of Infineon Technologies

Dr. Bernard Widrow presents a personal view on the discovery of the least mean squares algorithm.

关键词： FIR filters adaptive filters history least mean squares methods Dr. Bernard Widrow lms algorithm digital filter digital signal processing nonstandard filter design FIR filters Digital filters Thinking adaptive filters Least mean square algorithm

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Fast tracking of transient power system signals using fuzzy lms algorithm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 1998年第8期20卷 555-561页

作者： Dash, PK Liew, AC Swain, DP Mishra, B Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect Engn Singapore Singapore Reg Engn Coll Ctr Intelligent Syst Rourkela India

The paper presents art adaptive least mean squares (lms) algorithm for the fast estimation of voltage and current signals in power networks. The new estimator is based on the use of linear combiners. The learning parameter of the proposed algorithm is constrained by two variable parameters which causes an automatic suitable adjustment of the step size using a fuzzy gain scheduling method to provide fast convergence and noise rejection for the tracking of fundamental and harmonic components from distorted signals. Several numerical tests have been conducted for the adaptive estimation of fundamental and harmonic components from simulated waveforms from power networks supplying converter loads and switched capacitors. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved.

关键词： signal tracking lms algorithm fuzzy rule base

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lms algorithm Fixed-point Modeling Designated Based on System Generator Modules 7

LMS Algorithm Fixed-point Modeling Designated Based on Syste...

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7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnectics

作者： Chen Liwei Tan Zhiliang Cui Lidong Ordnance Engn Coll Shijiazhuang 050003 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467394451

lms algorithm floating point arithmetic in hardware implementation system takes up more resources, hardware running slow and can not meet the real-time requirements of the system. So we need fixed-point arithmetic for lms algorithm. Doing algorithm modeling with System Generator in Simulink environment will be implement in ISE and MATLAB. We can make adjustments and do the corresponding design and simulation for fixed-point methods. Simulation results show that fixed-point arithmetic module can cellation noise well. But compared with floating-point arithmetic modules, there are a little errors. lms algorithm module can achieve lms algorithm effectively. In the Simulink environment, it lay a good foundation for complex system fixed-point implementation.

关键词： lms algorithm fixed-point arithmetic Simulink modeling

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An exact analysis of the lms algorithm with tonal reference signals in the presence of frequency mismatch

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2005年第6期85卷 1255-1262页

作者： Sakai, H Hinamoto, Y Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Informat Dept Syst Sci Kyoto 6068501 Japan

An exact analysis is presented for the lms algorithm with tonal reference signals in the presence of frequency mismatch. First, the time-varying linear system describing the lms algorithm is converted into a time-invariant linear system. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition about the step sizes for convergence of the algorithm is derived using the Lyapunov function method and a transient behavior is analyzed. Finally, the effects of observation noise and frequency mismatch are examined without any approximations. The validity of the obtained results is shown by simulations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： lms algorithm deterministic convergence analysis frequency mismatch

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Adaptive multiuser channel estimation using reduced Kalman/lms algorithm

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第4期46卷 507-521页

作者： Kohli, Amit Kumar Mehra, D. K. Thapar Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Patiala 147004 Punjab India Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Roorkee 247667 Uttar Pradesh India

This paper presents an adaptive multiuser channel estimator using the reduced-Kalman least-mean-square (RK-lms) algorithm. The frequency-selective fading channel is modeled as a tapped-delay-line filter with smoothly time-varying Rayleigh distributed tap coefficients. The multiuser channel estimator based on minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) criterion is used to predict the filter coefficients. We also present its convergence characteristics and tracking performance using the RK-lms algorithm. Unlike the previously available Kalman filtering algorithm based approach (Chen, Chen IEEE Trans Signal Process 49(7): 1523-1532, 2001) the incorporation of RK-lms algorithm reduces the computational complexity of multiuser channel estimator used in the code division multiple access wireless systems. The computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate the substantial improvement in its tracking performance under the smoothly time-varying environment.

关键词： Kalman filter lms algorithm MMSE estimation multipath fading

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A new lms algorithm for analysis of atrial fibrillation signals

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE 2012年第1期11卷 1-20页

作者： Ciaccio, Edward J. Biviano, Angelo B. Whang, William Garan, Hasan Columbia Univ Dept Med Div Cardiol Med Ctr New York NY 10032 USA

Background: A biomedical signal can be defined by its extrinsic features (x-axis and y-axis shift and scale) and intrinsic features (shape after normalization of extrinsic features). In this study, an lms algorithm utilizing the method of differential steepest descent is developed, and is tested by normalization of extrinsic features in complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE). Method: Equations for normalization of x-axis and y-axis shift and scale are first derived. The algorithm is implemented for real-time analysis of CFAE acquired during atrial fibrillation (AF). Data was acquired at a 977 Hz sampling rate from 10 paroxysmal and 10 persistent AF patients undergoing clinical electrophysiologic study and catheter ablation therapy. Over 24 trials, normalization characteristics using the new algorithm with four weights were compared to the Widrow-Hoff lms algorithm with four tapped delays. The time for convergence, and the mean squared error (MSE) after convergence, were compared. The new lms algorithm was also applied to lead aVF of the electrocardiogram in one patient with longstanding persistent AF, to enhance the F wave and to monitor extrinsic changes in signal shape. The average waveform over a 25 s interval was used as a prototypical reference signal for matching with the aVF lead. Results: Based on the derivation equations, the y-shift and y-scale adjustments of the new lms algorithm were shown to be equivalent to the scalar form of the Widrow-Hoff lms algorithm. For x-shift and x-scale adjustments, rather than implementing a long tapped delay as in Widrow-Hoff lms, the new method uses only two weights. After convergence, the MSE for matching paroxysmal CFAE averaged 0.46 +/- 0.49 mu V-2/sample for the new lms algorithm versus 0.72 +/- 0.35 mu V-2/sample for Widrow-Hoff lms. The MSE for matching persistent CFAE averaged 0.55 +/- 0.95 mu V-2/sample for the new lms algorithm versus 0.62 +/- 0.55 mu V-2/sample for Widrow-Hoff lms. There were no signific

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Electrocardiogram F wave Fractionation lms algorithm Mean-squared error

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Semi-active Vibration Control of a Composite Beam by Adaptive Synchronized Switching on Voltage Sources Based on lms algorithm

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES 2009年第8期20卷 939-947页

作者： Ji, Hongli Qiu, Jinhao Badel, Adrien Chen, Yuansheng Zhu, Kongjun Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Aerosp Engn Aeronaut Sci Key Lab Smart Mat & Struct Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Polytech Savoie Savoie Lab Syst & Mat Mechatron F-74944 Annecy Le Vieux France

In this article, an adaptive semi-active SSDV (Synchronized Switch Damping on Voltage) method based on the lms algorithm is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a composite beam. In the SSDV method, the value of voltage source in the switching circuit is critical to its control performance. In the adaptive approach proposed in this study, the voltage source is adjusted adaptively using the lms algorithm. Two cases of the adjustment are considered. In the first case, as an improvement to the enhanced SSDV, the voltage coefficient is adjusted by the lms algorithm. In the second case, as an improvement to the classical SSDV, the voltage value is adjusted directly. The new adaptive approach is compared with the derivative-based adaptive SSDV proposed in the former study in the control of the first mode of a composite beam. The control results show that adaptive adjustment of voltage value and adaptive adjustment of voltage coefficient are equally effective in the vibration control of the composite beam and that lms-based approach is slightly better than the derivative-based approach.

关键词： piezoelectric elements synchronized switch damping semi-active control vibration damping lms algorithm

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Adaptive filter design based on the lms algorithm for delay elimination in TCR/FC compensators

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2011年第2期50卷 142-149页

作者： Hooshmand, Rahmat Allah Esfahani, Mandi Torabian Univ Isfahan Dept Elect Engn Esfahan *** Iran

Thyristor controlled reactor with fixed capacitor (TCR/FC) compensators have the capability of compensating reactive power and improving power quality phenomena. Delay in the response of such compensators degrades their performance. In this paper, a new method based on adaptive filters (AF) is proposed in order to eliminate delay and increase the response of the TCR compensator. The algorithm designed for the adaptive filters is performed based on the least mean square (lms) algorithm. In this design, instead of fixed capacitors, band-pass LC filters are used. To evaluate the filter, a TCR/FC compensator was used for nonlinear and time varying loads of electric arc furnaces (EAFs). These loads caused occurrence of power quality phenomena in the supplying system, such as voltage fluctuation and flicker, odd and even harmonics and unbalancing in voltage and current. The above design was implemented in a realistic system model of a steel complex. The simulation results show that applying the proposed control in the TCR/FC compensator efficiently eliminated delay in the response and improved the performance of the compensator in the power system. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISA. All rights reserved.

关键词： TCR/FC compensator Adaptive filters lms algorithm Power quality Electric arc furnaces

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Influence of low frequency noise in adaptive estimation using the lms algorithm

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2009年第5期89卷 933-940页

作者： Brito, D. S. Aguiar, Enio Lucena, Fausto Freire, R. C. S. Yasuda, Yoshifumi Barros, A. K. Univ Fed Campina Grande Dept Elect Engn BR-58109900 Campina Grande PB Brazil Univ Fed Maranhao Dept Elect Engn BR-65080040 Sao Luis MA Brazil Nagoya Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci Dept Media Sci Nagoya Aichi 4648601 Japan Toyohashi Univ Technol Hlth Sci Ctr Toyohashi Aichi 441 Japan

Adaptive systems are employed in the cancelation of noises and estimation of periodic and quasiperiodic signals. Amongst these signals are the electrocardiogram (ECG), impedance cardiography (ZCG), brain evoked potentials and modulated signals in telecommunication applications. In this paper we study the behavior of the weights of the lms algorithm when used to estimate the coefficients of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a signal under influence of low frequencies. We show theoretically that low frequency noise affects the estimation of the weights at higher frequencies. The simulation results obtained are in agreement with theoretical results. Moreover, we exemplify the problem with impedance cardiography (ZCG) signals. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive algorithms lms algorithm Low frequency Biomedical signals Low frequency noise

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