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LUT Optimization for Distributed Arithmetic-Based Block Least Mean Square Adaptive Filter

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2016年第5期24卷 1926-1935页

作者： Mohanty, Basant K. Meher, Pramod Kumar Patel, Sujit K. Jaypee Univ Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Guna 473226 India Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

In this paper, we analyze the contents of lookup tables (LUTs) of distributed arithmetic (DA)-based block least mean square (Blms) adaptive filter (ADF) and based on that we propose intra-iteration LUT sharing to reduce its hardware resources, energy consumption, and iteration period. The proposed LUT optimization scheme offers a saving of 60% LUT content for block size 8 and still higher saving for larger block sizes over the conventional design approach. We also present here the design of a register-based LUT matrix for maximal sharing of LUT contents and full-parallel LUT-update operation. Based on the proposed design approach, we have derived a DA-based architecture for the Blms ADF, which is scalable for larger block sizes as well as higher filter lengths. We find that the hardware complexity of the proposed structure increases less than proportionately with input block size and filter length. It offers a saving of 60% LUT-update per output and 59% LUT access per output over the recently proposed DA-based Blms ADF structure for block size 8 and filter length 64. Besides, the proposed structure involves nearly 30% saving in the iteration period over the other for 16-bit coefficient word length. Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) synthesis result shows that the proposed structure for block size 8 offers a saving of 48% area-delay product (ADP) and 53% energy per sample (EPS) over the existing DA-based Blms ADF structure on average for different filter lengths, and offers 30% higher sampling rate due to its shorter iteration period. Compared with the existing DA-based lms ADF structure, the proposed structure involves 68% less ADP and 1.6x less EPS.

关键词： Adaptive filters (ADFs) block least mean square (Blms) distributed arithmetic (DA) lms algorithm

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Active control of vibration using a fuzzy control method

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2004年第3-5期275卷 917-930页

作者： Qu, WZ Sun, JC Qiu, Y Tsinghua Univ Dept Engn Mech Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Coll Marine Engn 302 Xian 710072 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Mech Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Active control of vibration has been the subject of a lot of research in recent years. Adaptive linear filtering techniques have been extensively used for the active control of vibration. A popular adaptive filtering algorithm is the filtered-X lms algorithm because of its simplicity and its relatively low computational load. However, the filtered-X lms algorithm is limited to linear control problems using feedforward control techniques. A fuzzy logic system based control structure and adaptive algorithm suitable for driving non-linear feedforward active vibration control systems is presented in this paper. This kind of non-linear fuzzy control method is used in two kinds of active vibration control problems, as follows: (1) A fuzzy logic system is used to approximate a non-linear sensor path function and to suppress the primary disturbance that is a non-linear function of the reference signal. (2) A fuzzy logic system is used in active control of vibration with non-linear piezoelectric actuators. The numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of this adaptive fuzzy control method. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： lms algorithm BEHAVIOR

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Adaptive parallel interference cancellation for CDMA systems - A weight selection and filtering scheme

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第1期91卷 1-14页

作者： Hsieh, Y. -T. Wu, W. -R. Ind Technol Res Inst Informat & Commun Res Labs Hsinchu 310 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu Taiwan

Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) is a well-known multiuser detection algorithm in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. It is typically implemented with a multi-stage architecture. One problem associated with the PIC is that unreliable interference cancellation may occur in the early stages and the system performance may be degraded. Thus, the partial PIC detector was developed to control the cancellation level by use of interference cancellation factors. Partial PIC can be implemented with an adaptive form, in which optimal weights are derived using the least mean square (lms) algorithm. In this paper, we propose an algorithm improving the conventional adaptive partial PIC. The main idea is to reduce the number of active weights in the lms algorithm, and to perform weight post-filtering such that the resultant excess mean square error can be reduced. We also analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and derive the bit error rate of the second stage output. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional partial PIC, and derived analytical results are accurate. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiuser detection Parallel interference cancellation lms algorithm Performance analysis

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Active noise control of vibroacoustic noise from HVAC system in autonomous bus using conjugate gradient-based algorithm

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JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024年第9期38卷 4657-4667页

作者： Okcu, Orhun Kim, Seongyeol Lee, Sang-Kwon Inha Univ Coll Engn Mech Engn Dept Incheon 22212 South Korea

The paper presents a new active control algorithm for the active cancellation of vibroacoustic noise radiated from the compressor installed under each passenger's seat in autonomous bus. The compressor is used for a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system which provide air conditioning for each passenger in autonomous bus. The sound radiated from the compressor of the HVAC system is a high-frequency annoyance noise caused by vibroacoustic noise due to the shell vibration of the compressor. The dominant frequency components of the vibroacoustic noise are harmonics of the rotation frequency of the reciprocating compressor. The HVAC system generates vibroacoustic noise dominantly in the frequency range between 200 and 600 Hz. Such noise is not only distinctly perceptible but also contributes to passenger discomfort and negatively impacts the perceived quality of the vehicle. The aim of this paper is to attenuate the vibroacoustic noise of the HVAC system by developing an active noise control (ANC) system. Generally, the widely recognized filtered-X least mean squared (FXlms) algorithm has been successfully implemented to active noise control of reciprocating compressor. However, its performance was found lacking outside the peak frequency of compressor operation noise. To address this, the conjugate gradient algorithm was employed to enhance ANC performance. The conjugate gradient algorithm has a lower residual error and faster convergence rate compared to the FXlms algorithm. As a consequence, the implementation of the conjugate gradient-based ANC algorithm resulted in enhanced noise reduction not only at the peak frequencies, which correspond to the compressor operation frequency, but also in frequency ranges outside these peak frequencies.

关键词： HVAC noise Active noise control Conjugate gradient algorithm lms algorithm

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ADAPTIVE CASCADE FILTER FOR SPEECH ANALYSIS

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 1983年第1期130卷 11-18页

作者： CHING, PC GOODYEAR, CC UNIV BATH SCH ELECT ENGNBATH BA2 7AYAVONENGLAND

Two techniques are described for sequentially adapting a finite impulse response digital filter which is constructed as a cascade of 2nd-order sections. It is shown that the radius and angle co-ordinates of each zero pair may be separately adapted. The first method uses a modified lms algorithm, while the second, by employing prequantised coefficients, avoids the need for a control parameter. The performance, when used for linear prediction of speech, is discussed.

关键词： prequantised coefficients finite impulse response digital filter speech analysis and processing linear prediction speech analysis cascade networks lms algorithm cascade filter digital filters Digital filters Speech and audio signal processing filtering and prediction theory

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Bias removal algorithm for 2-D equation error adaptive IIR filters

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1999年第4期10卷 429-441页

作者： Shadaydeh, M Kawamata, M Tohoku Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Elect Engn Sendai Miyagi 9808579 Japan

This paper proposes a bias removal algorithm for equation error-based 2-D adaptive cascade IIR filters with separable denominator function. As well known, equation error-based adaptive IIR filtering algorithms have the advantages of fast convergence and unimodal mean-square-error surface. These advantages, however, come along with the drawback of biased parameter estimates in the presence of measurement noise. The adaptive filter structure in the proposed algorithm is based on the concept of backpropagating the desired signal through a cascade of the denominator vertical and horizontal sections. To handle the bias problem, the proposed algorithm uses a scaled value of the output error of each of the cascaded sections as an estimate for the measurement noise embedded in the signal part of the coefficient-update procedure of that section. Thus, while maintaining the advantages of easy stability monitoring, fast convergence, and low computational load, the effect of the measurement noise is suppressed. Input-Output stability analysis is carried out, and the constraints required to maintain stability are derived. Simulation examples are presented to support the effectiveness and the usability of the proposed bias removal algorithm in 2-D system identification and image enhancement applications.

关键词： 2-D equation error IIR filter backpropagation adaptive filter lms algorithm

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Adaptive optimization of notch bandwidth of an IIR filter used to suppress narrow-band interference in DSSS system

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2002年第8期E85A卷 1789-1797页

作者： Mvuma, A Nishimura, S Hinamoto, T Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Engn Higashihiroshima 7398527 Japan Shimane Univ Dept Elect & Control Syst Engn Matsue Shimane 6908504 Japan

Adaptive optimization of the notch bandwidth of a lattice-based adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filter is presented in this paper. The filter is used to improve the performance of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) communication system by suppressing a narrow-band interference at the receiver. A least mean square (lms) algorithm used to adapt the notch bandwidth coefficient to its optimum value which corresponds to the maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement factor is derived. Bit error rate (BER) improvement gained by the DSSS communication system using the filter with the optimized notch bandwidth is also shown. Computer simulation results are compared with those obtained analytically to demonstrate the validity of theoretical predictions for various received signal parameters.

关键词： adaptive IIR notch filter DSSS communication narrow-band interference lms algorithm bit error rate

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An Evolutionary Approach to Improve the Beam Steering Performance over Conventional Approach in CHAA

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2023年第2期8卷 164-170页

作者： K Akhitha Gopi Ram National Institute of Technology Warangal 506004India

In this work,evolutionary algorithms are applied for the first time to achieve better radiation characteristics over the conventional beamforming algorithm in the concentric hexagonal antenna array(CHAA),which improves the performance of wireless *** signal classification(MUSIC)algorithm is employed for direction of arrival(DoA)*** conventional adaptive beam steering algorithm,least mean-square(lms)algorithm,is used to steer the ***,the proposed approach is employed by novel particle swarm optimization(NPSO)to reduce sidelobe level(SLL)even further.A six-ring CHAA with 126 elements for DoA estimation and beam steering is *** simulation results of the MUSIC,lms,NPSO,and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms are provided for various DoAs.

关键词： smart antenna hexagonal array PSO MUSIC algorithm lms algorithm DoA estimation beam steering NPSO

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An adaptive neural network approach for the estimation of power system frequency

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1997年第3期41卷 203-210页

作者： Dash, PK Swain, DP Routray, A Liew, AC Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Regional Engineering College Rourkela India Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore-0511 Singapore

A new approach to the estimation of power system frequency using an adaptive neural network is presented in this paper. This approach uses a linear adaptive neuron or an adaptive linear combiner called 'Adaline' to identify the parameters of a discrete signal model of the power system voltage. Here, the learning parameters are adjusted to force the error between the actual and the computed signal samples to satisfy a stable difference error equation, rather than to minimize an error function. The proposed algorithm shows a high degree of robustness and estimation accuracy over a wide range of frequency changes. The technique is shown to be capable of tracking power system conditions and is immune to the effects of harmonics and random noise. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

关键词： adaline linear combiner lms algorithm power system frequency

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Dynamic modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator: parametric and non-parametric approaches

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ROBOTICA 2002年第1期20卷 93-109页

作者： Shaheed, MH Tokhi, MO Univ Sheffield Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England Univ London Queen Mary Coll Dept Engn London E1 4NS England

This paper presents an investigation into the development of parametric and non-parametric approaches for dynamic modelling of a flexible manipulator system. The least mean squares, recursive least squares and genetic algorithms are used to obtain linear parametric models of the system. Moreover, non-parametric models of the system are developed using a non-linear AutoRegressive process with eXogeneous input model structure with multi-layered perceptron and radial basis function neural networks. The system is in each case modelled from the input torque to hub-angle, hub-velocity and end-point acceleration outputs. The models are validated using several validation tests. Finally, a comparative assessment of the approaches used is presented and discussed in terms of accuracy, efficiency and estimation of the vibration modes of the system.

关键词： backpropagation dynamic modelling flexible manipulator genetic algorithm lms algorithm multi-layered perceptron NARX model neural networks radial basis function RLS algorithm

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