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Analogue discrete-time basic structures for adaptive IIR filters

IEE PROCEEDINGS-CIRCUITS DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 2000年第4期147卷 250-256页

作者： Ndjountche, T Unbehauen, R Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Lehrstuhl Allgemeine & Theoret Elektrotech D-91058 Erlangen Germany

An analogue discrete-time implementation of an adaptive infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter is presented. The filter structure uses the IIR modelling capability of first- and second-order filter sections and the adaptation process is a variable step-size version of the least-mean-squared (lms) algorithm. The gradient signals were chosen to allow the use of the whole dynamic range of the four-quadrant analogue multiplier. With respect to implementation problems, the effects of nonidealities on the building elements an investigated and reduced using appropriate circuit techniques. The functional behaviour of the proposed structure is demonstrated for a low-complexity third-order adaptive filter with a parallel architecture.

关键词： IIR modelling capability least-mean-squared algorithm network synthesis four-quadrant analogue multiplier parallel architecture least mean squares methods analogue discrete-time implementation lms algorithm infinite-impulse-response filter SC integrator adaptive filters programmable filters nonidealities low-complexity third-order adaptive filter SC filter section IIR filters adaptive IIR filters discrete time filters variable step-size version analogue multipliers switched capacitor filters

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Adaptive joint beamforming and B-MMSE detection under multipath interference

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 2004年第6期151卷 605-612页

作者： Chen, HH Lee, JS Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Taiwan Republic of China

The combination of antenna array beamforming with multiuser detection can effectively improve the detection efficiency for wireless communications under multipath interference, especially for the applications in a fast fading channel. The authors study the performance of an adaptive beamformer incorporated with a B-MMSE detector, which works on a unique signal frame characterised by training sequence preamble and data blocks segmented by zero-bits. Both the beamformer weight updating and B-MMSE detection are carried out by either lms or RLS algorithms. The comparison of the two adaptive algorithms applied to both the beamformer and the B-MMSE detector is made in terms of convergence behaviour and estimation mean-square error. The final performance in error probability is also given. Various multipath patterns are considered to test the rapidity of the receiver's response to changing multipath interference. The performance of the adaptive B-MMSE detector is also compared with that of the non-adaptive version, i.e. through matrix inversion. The results obtained suggest that the adaptive beamformer should use an RLS algorithm for its fast and robust convergence property;whereas the B-MMSE filter can choose either lms or RLS algorithms depending on the antenna array size, multipath severity and complexity.

关键词： wireless communication adaptive filters least mean squares methods Signal detection array signal processing adaptive signal processing receiver response Antenna arrays radiofrequency interference antenna array beamforming adaptive beamformer data block segmentation fading channel convergence B-MMSE detector lms algorithm training sequence signal frame Electromagnetic compatibility and interference Linear algebra (numerical analysis) beamformer weight updating Filtering methods in signal processing radio receivers Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) adaptive antenna arrays error probability mean-square error estimation multipath interference matrix inversion multipath pattern error statistics MMSE filter Other topics in statistics fading channels adaptive joint beamforming adaptive signal detection RLS algorithm multipath channels multiuser detection efficiency Radio links and equipment multiuser detection

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A New Mixed Variable Step Size Elms algorithm and Its Application in ANC

A New Mixed Variable Step Size ELMS Algorithm and Its Applic...

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The 2011 International Conference on Computing,Information and Control(ICCIC 2011)

作者： Sun Li Jun Yong Li School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhang Shou School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of TechnologyWang Xiang

In this paper, we proposed a new mixed variable step size Elms algorithm(MVSS-Elms) which combined the mean square error and the correlation of the error to modify the step size. The approach is general in the sense that it not only retains the benefits of Elms algorithm lower steady-state error, but also improves the system convergence speed. In comparison, the new approach performance is much better than VSS-Elms algorithm and VFSSElms algorithm in the convergence speed and anti-noise capacity. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through computer simulations.

关键词： adaptive filtering noise canceller lms algorithm Elms algorithm

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LUT Optimization for Distributed Arithmetic-Based Block Least Mean Square Adaptive Filter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2016年第5期24卷 1926-1935页

作者： Mohanty, Basant K. Meher, Pramod Kumar Patel, Sujit K. Jaypee Univ Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Guna 473226 India Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

In this paper, we analyze the contents of lookup tables (LUTs) of distributed arithmetic (DA)-based block least mean square (Blms) adaptive filter (ADF) and based on that we propose intra-iteration LUT sharing to reduce its hardware resources, energy consumption, and iteration period. The proposed LUT optimization scheme offers a saving of 60% LUT content for block size 8 and still higher saving for larger block sizes over the conventional design approach. We also present here the design of a register-based LUT matrix for maximal sharing of LUT contents and full-parallel LUT-update operation. Based on the proposed design approach, we have derived a DA-based architecture for the Blms ADF, which is scalable for larger block sizes as well as higher filter lengths. We find that the hardware complexity of the proposed structure increases less than proportionately with input block size and filter length. It offers a saving of 60% LUT-update per output and 59% LUT access per output over the recently proposed DA-based Blms ADF structure for block size 8 and filter length 64. Besides, the proposed structure involves nearly 30% saving in the iteration period over the other for 16-bit coefficient word length. Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) synthesis result shows that the proposed structure for block size 8 offers a saving of 48% area-delay product (ADP) and 53% energy per sample (EPS) over the existing DA-based Blms ADF structure on average for different filter lengths, and offers 30% higher sampling rate due to its shorter iteration period. Compared with the existing DA-based lms ADF structure, the proposed structure involves 68% less ADP and 1.6x less EPS.

关键词： Adaptive filters (ADFs) block least mean square (Blms) distributed arithmetic (DA) lms algorithm

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The q-Least Mean Squares algorithm

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年 111卷 50-60页

作者： Al-Saggaf, Ubaid M. Moinuddin, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Zerguine, Azzedine King Abdulaziz Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Jeddah Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Univ CEIES Jeddah Saudi Arabia PAP Karachi Inst Econ & Technol Univ Dept Elect Engn Karachi Pakistan King Fand Univ Petr & Minerals Dept Elect Engn Dhahran Saudi Arabia

The Least Mean Square (lms) algorithm inherits slow convergence due to its dependency on the eigenvalue spread of the input correlation matrix. In this work, we resolve this problem by developing a novel variant of the lms algorithms based on the q-derivative concept. The q-gradient is an extension of the classical gradient vector based on the concept of Jackson's derivative. Here, we propose to minimize the lms cost function by employing the concept of q-derivative instead of the convent ional derivative. Thanks to the fact that the q-derivative takes larger steps in the search direction as it evaluates the secant of the cost function rather than the tangent (as in the case of a conventional derivative), we show that the q-derivative gives faster convergence for q >1 when compared to the conventional derivative. Then, we present a thorough investigation of the convergence behavior of the proposed q-lms algorithm and carry out different analyses to assess its performance. Consequently, new explicit closed-form expressions for the mean-square-error (MSE) behavior are derived. Simulation results are presented to corroborate our theoretical findings. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filters q-gradient q-lms algorithm lms algorithm Transient analysis Steady-state analysis

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THE RESEARCH FOR SPEECH SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT BASED ON Mlms algorithm

THE RESEARCH FOR SPEECH SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT BASED ON MLMS ALG...

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2007中国宁波国际计算机科学与技术学术大会

作者： Xu Yan Wu Xiaosuo He Tianbing School of Electronic and Information Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University

Lest Mean Square(lms) is adaptive noise cancellation method to extract weak voice signals from strong background *** to the low convergence rate and narrow frequency band extracting signal of lms,an improved Momentum Lest Mean Square(Mlms) algorithm is given in the paper by analyzing the performance of lms *** results of simulations indicate that adaptive filter technology for solving weak signal extracting problem is effective.

关键词： lms algorithm Speech enhancement Noise cancellation Adaptive filter

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An adaptive neural network approach for the estimation of power system frequency

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1997年第3期41卷 203-210页

作者： Dash, PK Swain, DP Routray, A Liew, AC Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Regional Engineering College Rourkela India Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore-0511 Singapore

A new approach to the estimation of power system frequency using an adaptive neural network is presented in this paper. This approach uses a linear adaptive neuron or an adaptive linear combiner called 'Adaline' to identify the parameters of a discrete signal model of the power system voltage. Here, the learning parameters are adjusted to force the error between the actual and the computed signal samples to satisfy a stable difference error equation, rather than to minimize an error function. The proposed algorithm shows a high degree of robustness and estimation accuracy over a wide range of frequency changes. The technique is shown to be capable of tracking power system conditions and is immune to the effects of harmonics and random noise. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

关键词： adaline linear combiner lms algorithm power system frequency

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An Evolutionary Approach to Improve the Beam Steering Performance over Conventional Approach in CHAA

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2023年第2期8卷 164-170页

作者： K Akhitha Gopi Ram National Institute of Technology Warangal 506004India

In this work,evolutionary algorithms are applied for the first time to achieve better radiation characteristics over the conventional beamforming algorithm in the concentric hexagonal antenna array(CHAA),which improves the performance of wireless *** signal classification(MUSIC)algorithm is employed for direction of arrival(DoA)*** conventional adaptive beam steering algorithm,least mean-square(lms)algorithm,is used to steer the ***,the proposed approach is employed by novel particle swarm optimization(NPSO)to reduce sidelobe level(SLL)even further.A six-ring CHAA with 126 elements for DoA estimation and beam steering is *** simulation results of the MUSIC,lms,NPSO,and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms are provided for various DoAs.

关键词： smart antenna hexagonal array PSO MUSIC algorithm lms algorithm DoA estimation beam steering NPSO

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Adaptive parallel interference cancellation for CDMA systems - A weight selection and filtering scheme

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第1期91卷 1-14页

作者： Hsieh, Y. -T. Wu, W. -R. Ind Technol Res Inst Informat & Commun Res Labs Hsinchu 310 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu Taiwan

Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) is a well-known multiuser detection algorithm in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. It is typically implemented with a multi-stage architecture. One problem associated with the PIC is that unreliable interference cancellation may occur in the early stages and the system performance may be degraded. Thus, the partial PIC detector was developed to control the cancellation level by use of interference cancellation factors. Partial PIC can be implemented with an adaptive form, in which optimal weights are derived using the least mean square (lms) algorithm. In this paper, we propose an algorithm improving the conventional adaptive partial PIC. The main idea is to reduce the number of active weights in the lms algorithm, and to perform weight post-filtering such that the resultant excess mean square error can be reduced. We also analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and derive the bit error rate of the second stage output. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional partial PIC, and derived analytical results are accurate. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiuser detection Parallel interference cancellation lms algorithm Performance analysis

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A novel approach integrating CFBG and optical filters to mitigate CD and PMD effects in high speed DWDM fiber optic links

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OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2024年第8期56卷 1-16页

作者： Sreeragi, G. R. Vijayakumar, N. Pradeep, R. Govt Engn Coll Dept Elect & Commun Barton Hill Thiruvananthapuram 695035 India APJ Abdul Kalam Technol Univ Thiruvananthapuram India Univ Kerala Board Studies Thiruvananthapuram India Coll Engn Dept Elect & Commun Thiruvananthapuram 695016 India

Fiber dispersion is a severe constraint to be addressed in high speed optical communication, as it restricts the transmission capacity and reach of fiber optics link. This work presents an effective dispersion compensation technique in the optical domain with minimal hardware complexity. Here, we integrated a single linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) with tanh apodization for Chromatic Dispersion (CD) compensation and a second-order optical FIR filter for Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) compensation. Adaptive PMD compensation is obtained by updating the filter parameters using Least Mean Square (lms) error algorithm, which enables the system to adjust and mitigate PMD effects dynamically, enhancing overall efficiency. The performance of the proposed system with different modulation schemes such as NRZ, RZ, and duo-binary schemes are experimented. A WDM link of 16 channels over 100 km is designed with the proposed model, with each channel transmitting data at 40 Gbps. Simulation results reveal that the presented model performed well with reduced hardware complexity, keeping BER value below 10-9\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10<^>{-9}$$\end{document} and Q-Factor above 6.

关键词： Bit error rate Chromatic dispersion Fiber bragg grating lms algorithm Optical filters Polarization mode dispersion

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