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Assessing multilingual speakers' language processing through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2025年 484卷 115485页

作者： Farrukh, Fizza Nazeer, Hammad Minhas, Hamza Shabbir Naseer, Noman Noori, Farzan Majeed Air Univ Dept English Islamabad Pakistan Air Univ Dept Mechatron & Biomed Engn Islamabad Pakistan Univ Oslo Dept Informat Oslo Norway

Multilinguals' navigation through three or more language systems utilizing one cognitive system is a phenomenon of recent interest. Few functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have focused on brain activations concerning multilinguals. The present study uses picture-naming and fNIRS technique to explore the prefrontal brain activations amongst neurotypical multilinguals belonging to four major provinces of Pakistan. The 26 right-handed participants utilize their native language (Punjabi, Pushto, Sindhi or Balochi), first language (Urdu) and second language (English) distinctively in the experiment. Brain imaging results demonstrate a significant activation of the right prefrontal cortex among the multilingual adults along with left laterality. Moreover, results indicate significant activation of channels demonstrating heavier cognitive load with English in comparison to first or native language(s). The paper suggests that right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex play a significant role in language processing alongside the left prefrontal cortex, exemplifying that peripheral activation during word retrieval, processing and production is a possibility.

关键词： Multilingualism Neuroimaging Picture naming language processing

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language processing in emergencies recruits both language and default mode networks

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Neuropsychologia 2025年 213卷

作者： Wu, Junjie Yang, Guang Liu, Zhisai Liu, Youyi Guo, Jia Yan, Guoli Ding, Guosheng Fu, Chenlu Yang, Zihan Yang, Xiujie Chen, Luyao Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Faculty of Psychology Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of International Chinese Language Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Max Planck Partner Group School of International Chinese Language Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig 04207 Germany Institute of Educational System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Linguistics Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney 2109 Australia Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University 100875 China

Effective language processing in emergencies is crucial for professionals, including firefighters, soldiers, and doctors. Substantial research has been undertaken on language processing in silence, with several studies indicating the impact of noise on language processing in non-emergencies. However, it remains unclear about the neural mechanisms involved in language processing during emergencies, especially the role of the language network (LN) and the default mode network (DMN) in such contexts. In this study, we adopted functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate brain activities of 60 participants who were performing language processing tasks in simulated high-emergency and low-emergency scenarios. Compared to the resting state, the reading task demonstrated reduced activation in bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri (SFG/MFG), components of the DMN, alongside enhanced activation in Broca's area, left temporal lobe and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) – key LN regions. Furthermore, the activity of the left MFG was positively correlated with the level of stress experienced by participants during the task. Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between language processing performance and activation of the left MFG, exclusively in the participants exposed to high-emergency scenarios. These results support the view that language processing during emergency relies on both the LN and DMN. The current study deepens our understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie language processing in complex, real-life emergency scenarios. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Default mode network Emergencies Functional near-infrared spectroscopy language processing

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language processing within the striatum:: evidence from a PET correlation study in Huntington's disease

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BRAIN 2008年第4期131卷 1046-1056页

作者： Teichmann, Marc Gaura, Veronique Demonet, Jean-Francois Supiot, Frederic Delliaux, Marie Verny, Christophe Renou, Pierre Remy, Philippe Bachoud-Levi, Anne-Catherine Hop Henri Mondor Serv Neurol AP HP F-94000 Creteil France IM3 Paris XII Equipe 1 INSERM U841 Creteil France Ecole Normale Super Dept Etud Cognit F-75231 Paris France EHESS ENS CNRS UMR 8554 Lab Sci Cognit & Psycholinguist Paris France CEA Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot CNRS URA 2210 F-91406 Orsay France Hop Purpan Pole Neurosci INSERM U825 Toulouse France Free Univ Brussels Hop Erasme Serv Neurol B-1070 Brussels Belgium CHRU Lilles Hop Roger Salengro Serv Neurol Lille France CHU Angers Serv Neurol Angers France CHU Nantes Hop Guillaume & Rene Laennec Serv Neurol F-44035 Nantes 01 France

The role of sub-cortical structures in language processing, and more specifically of the striatum, remains controversial. In line with psycholinguistic models stating that language processing implies both the recovery of lexical information and the application of combinatorial rules, the striatum has been claimed to be involved either in the former component or in the latter. The present study reconciles these conflicting views by showing the striatums involvement in both language processes, depending on distinct striatal sub-regions. Using PET scanning in a model of striatal disorders, namely Huntingtons disease (HD), we correlated metabolic data of 31 early stage HD patients regarding different striatal sub-regions with behavioural scores on three rule/lexicon tasks drawn from word morphology, syntax and from a non-linguistic domain, namely arithmetic. Behavioural results reflected impairment on both processing aspects, while deficits predominated on rule application. Both correlated with the left striatum but involved distinct striatal sub-regions. We suggest that the left striatum encompasses linguistic and arithmetic circuits, which differ with respect to their anatomical and functional specification, comprising ventrally located regions dedicated to rule computations and more dorsal portions pertaining to lexical devices.

关键词： striatum language processing PET imaging Huntington's disease

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language processing with dynamic fields

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COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS 2008年第2期2卷 79-88页

作者： Graben, Peter Beim Pinotsis, Dimitris Saddy, Douglas Potthast, Roland Univ Reading Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci Reading RG6 6AH Berks England Univ Reading Dept Math Reading RG6 6AH Berks England

We construct a mapping from complex recursive linguistic data structures to spherical wave functions using Smolensky's filler/role bindings and tensor product representations. Syntactic language processing is then described by the transient evolution of these spherical patterns whose amplitudes are governed by nonlinear order parameter equations. Implications of the model in terms of brain wave dynamics are indicated.

关键词： Computational psycholinguistics language processing Fock space Dynamic fields

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language processing and human voice perception in schizophrenia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2006年第10期59卷 948-957页

作者： Koeda, Michihiko Takahashi, Hidehiko Yahata, Noriaki Matsuura, Masato Asai, Kunihiko Okubo, Yoshiro Tanaka, Hiroshi Nippon Med Sch Dept Neuropsychiat Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138603 Japan Tokyo Med & Dent Univ Dept Bioinformat Med Res Inst Tokyo Japan Tokyo Med & Dent Univ Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol Sch Biomed Sci Tokyo Japan Tokyo Med & Dent Univ Dept Biofunct Informat Tokyo Japan Nippon Med Sch Dept Pharmacol Tokyo 1138603 Japan Asai Hosp Togane Japan Natl Inst Radiol Sci Brain Imaging Project Chiba 260 Japan

Background: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated either reduced left-lateralized activation or reversed language dominance in schizophrenia. These findings of left hemispheric dysfunction could be attributed to language processing tasks, which activate mainly left hemispheric function. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reported right-lateralized temporal activation by human voice perception, but few studies have investigated activation by human voice in schizophrenia. We aimed to clarify the cerebral function of language processing in schizophrenia patients by considering cerebral activation of human voice perception. Methods: Fourteen right-handed schizophrenia patients and 14 right-handed controls with matched handedness, sex, and education level were scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND). Results: Under the SEN-SND and SEN-rSEN contrasts including language processing, patients showed less activation of the left hemisphere than controls in the language-related fronto-tempo-parietal region, hippocampus, thalamus and cingulate gyrus. Under the rSEN-SND contrast including human voice perception, patients showed less activation than controls in the right-lateralized temporal cortices and bilateral posterior cingulate. Conclusions: Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients have impairment of broader bilateral cortical-subcortical regions related to both the semantic network in the left hemisphere and the voice-specific network in the right hemisphere.

关键词： language processing human voice perception schizophrenia semantic network voice-specific network functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

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language processing in aphasia: Changes in lateralization patterns during recovery reflect cerebral plasticity in adults

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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1997年第2期102卷 86-97页

作者： Thomas, C Altenmuller, E Marckmann, G Kahrs, J Dichgans, J UNIV TUBINGEN DEPT NEUROL D-72076 TUBINGEN GERMANY

During single word processing the negative cortical DC-potential reveals a left frontal preponderance in normal right-handers as well as in patients with a history of transient aphasia. Lateralization of DC-negativity therefore provides a reliable and robust method for the assessment of language dominance. In 11 stroke patients with permanent aphasia this physiological pattern changed to bilateral activation reflecting an additional right-hemispheric involvement in compensatory mechanisms in aphasia. Along with complete clinical recovery the classical aphasic syndromes revealed specific differences in changes of their lateralization patterns. In Broca's aphasia the initial right-hemispheric preponderance changed to a left frontal lateralization while in Wernicke's aphasia a presumably permanent shift towards the right hemisphere occurred. Differences in lateralization patterns might reflect different mechanisms of recovery such as the initial disinhibition of homologous areas contralaterally and subsequent collateral sprouting and synaptic modulation. The assessment of changes in lateralization of the cortical DC-potential during language tasks is a non-invasive, safe method with excellent time resolution that might provide further insights in the neural basis of recovery from aphasia. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

关键词： slow cortical potentials aphasia cortical plasticity cerebral dominance language processing

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language processing in reading and speech perception is fast and incremental: Implications for event-related potential research

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009年第1期80卷 4-9页

作者： Rayner, Keith Clifton, Charles, Jr. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychol La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Psychol Amherst MA 01003 USA

An overview of language processing during reading and listening is provided. Evidence is reviewed indicating that language processing in both domains is fast and incremental. We also discuss some aspects of normal reading and listening that are often obscured in event-related potential (ERP) research. We also discuss some apparent limitations of ERP techniques, as well as some recent indications that electroencephalographic (EEG) measures can be used to probe how lexical knowledge and lexical or structural expectations can contribute to the incremental process of language comprehension. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： language processing Reading Listening ERP Eye movements

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language processing in age-related macular degeneration associated with unique functional connectivity signatures in the right hemisphere

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NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2018年 63卷 65-74页

作者： Zhuang, Jie Madden, David J. Duong-Fernandez, Xuan Chen, Nan-kuei Cousins, Scott W. Potter, Guy G. Diaz, Michele T. Whitson, Heather E. Duke Univ Med Ctr Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci Durham NC USA Univ Arizona Dept Biomed Engn Tucson AZ USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Ophthalmol Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Duke Eye Ctr Durham NC USA Penn State Univ Dept Psychol State Coll PA USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Med Durham NC 27710 USA Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr Durham VA Med Ctr Durham NC USA

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease associated with significant vision loss among older adults. Previous large-scale behavioral studies indicate that people with AMD are at increased risk of cognitive deficits in language processing, particularly in verbal fluency tasks. The neural underpinnings of any relationship between AMD and higher cognitive functions, such as language processing, remain unclear. This study aims to address this issue using independent component analysis of spontaneous brain activity at rest. In 2 components associated with visual processing, we observed weaker functional connectivity in the primary visual cortex and lateral occipital cortex in AMD patients compared with healthy controls, indicating that AMD might lead to differences in the neural representation of vision. In a component related to language processing, we found that increasing connectivity within the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with better verbal fluency performance across all older adults, and the verbal fluency effect was greater in AMD patients than controls in both right inferior frontal gyrus and right posterior temporal regions. As the behavioral performance of our patients is as good as that of controls, these findings suggest that preservation of verbal fluency performance in AMD patients might be achieved through higher contribution from right hemisphere regions in bilateral language networks. If that is the case, there may be an opportunity to promote cognitive resilience among seniors with AMD or other forms of late-life vision loss. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Age-related macular degeneration Functional connectivity Cognitive preservation language processing

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language processing by dynamical systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS 2004年第2期14卷 599-621页

作者： Graben, PB Jurish, B Saddy, D Frisch, S Univ Potsdam Ctr Dynam Complex Syst Inst Linguist Potsdam Germany Bradenburg Acad Sci Berlin Germany

We describe a part of the stimulus sentences of a German language processing ERP experiment using a context-free grammar and represent different processing preferences by its unambiguous partitions. The processing is modeled by deterministic pushdown automata. Using a theorem proven by Moore, we map these automata onto discrete time dynamical systems acting at the unit square, where the processing preferences are represented by a control parameter. The actual states of the automata are rectangles lying in the unit square that can be interpreted as cylinder sets in the context of symbolic dynamics theory. We show that applying a wrong processing preference to a certain input string leads to an unwanted invariant set in the parsers dynamics. Then, syntactic reanalysis and repair can be modeled by a switching of the control parameter - in analogy to phase transitions observed in brain dynamics. We argue that ERP components are indicators of these bifurcations and propose an ERP-like measure of the parsing model.

关键词： language processing local ambiguity ambiguity resolution pushdown automata Godel codes symbolic dynamics cylinder sets entropy

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language processing in visually and non-visually impaired individuals: the use of Auditory Event-Related Potentials 2018

Language processing in visually and non-visually impaired in...

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8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion (DSAI)a

作者： Apostolaki, D. Tsiara, A. Soulis, S. Mikropoulos, T. A. Univ Ioannina Dept Primary Educ Ioannina 45110 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781450364676

This study examines the electrical brain activity of visually impaired individuals. Its aim is to identify differences in latency and signal amplitude between visually and non-visually impaired individuals in order to improve the school experience of students with visual impairment. The experiment included five visually impaired and five non-visually impaired subjects. Auditory stimuli included words with and without semantic content, i.e. actual words and pseudo-words, and Auditory Evoked Potentials were recorded. Results show that visually impaired individuals process auditory stimuli faster, regardless if the words lack semantic content, in comparison to their non-visually impaired counterparts. The study also showed variations in signal amplitude between the two groups.

关键词： Visual impairment Auditory Event-Related Potentials language processing words pseudo-words

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