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A multiple linear regression model calculates the anterior neck skin surface area in Chinese individuals: Implications for neck resurfacing and reconstruction

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JOURNAL OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY 2025年 102卷 363-372页

作者： Li, Rui Yang, Jianmin Cao, Zilong Yue, Qiang Jiao, Hu Tian, Jia Yang, Zengjie Liu, Liqiang Gan, Cheng Tsinghua Univ Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hosp Sch Clin Med Beijing 102218 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Plast Surg Hosp Scar & Wound Treatment Ctr Peking Union Med Coll Beijing 100144 Peoples R China

Background: The normal value of anterior neck skin surface area (ANSSA) before scar contracture is essential for designing a skin flap of appropriate size to reconstruct the neck. However, to our knowledge, no relevant research has been reported. This study aimed to explore the normal value of ANSSA and to establish ANSSA calculation models. Methods: A total of 101 healthy volunteers were included in the training group, and 24 healthy volunteers and 24 patients with cervical scar contracture were included in the validation group. Anthropometric neck parameters were obtained using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Independent predictive factors were identified by multiple linear regression analyses, and ANSSA calculation models based on these factors were established. Results: The ANSSA of adult males and females was 13653.7 +/- 1976.4 mm(2) and 10142.1 +/- 2199.8 mm(2) in a neutral position, and 17846.5 +/- 2365.7 mm(2) and 14264.3 +/- 1784.2 mm(2) in an extended position, respectively. The ANSSA was significantly correlated with gender, weight, sternomental distance, and lateral neck length (p < 0.05). The adjusted r(2) values of the neutral and extended ANSSA calculation models were 0.831 and 0.819 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study quantified neck morphological features, and established ANSSA calculation models to assist surgeons in designing flap and preventing limited neck mobility caused by insufficient flap size. To our knowledge, this study made it possible for the first time to accurately calculate the wound area and the required flap area preoperatively, eliminating the rough estimation based on experience. (c) 2025 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Body surface area linear model Neck Stereophotogrammetry

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linear model and Regularization for Transient Wave-Based Pipeline-Condition Assessment

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JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2020年第5期146卷

作者： Wang, Xun Ghidaoui, Mohamed S. Lee, Pedro J. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Engn Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Univ Canterbury Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8020 New Zealand

Condition assessment or defect detection of a pipeline is a difficult inverse problem. This paper proposes a general linear model framework that can approximately describe a wide range of pipeline condition assessment and defect detection problems. More specifically, the system response is governed by a linear function of a pipe property at discrete locations along a pipe, such that the pipe property can be reconstructed via a least-squares fit to the measured response. Real pipe systems in general involve a large number of uncertain pipe characteristics, limited data, and a very high level of noise, such that the inverse problem is ill-posed. The well-known Tikhonov regularization scheme is employed on the linear model to provide a general solution for the ill-posed inverse problem. The optimal regularization parameter, which is crucial and problem-dependent such that no universal approach always generates satisfactory results, are decided via the generalized cross validation (GCV) and L-curve approaches. The proposed general linear model and inverse problem methodologies are illustrated via two application examples: time-domain impulse response function extraction using least-squares deconvolution and leakage detection based on a frequency-domain linearized model. In both examples, numerical and experimental results demonstrate the significance of the regularization parameter and the merits of the GCV and L-curve methods in the pipeline condition assessment problems.

关键词： linear model Least squares Pipeline condition assessment Leak detection Tikhonov regularization Generalized cross validation L-curve

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linear model of Location Optimization of Limestone Exploitation and Consumption in Macedonia

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JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE 2019年第1期55卷 88-95页

作者： Bosevski, T. Vujic, S. Radosavljevic, M. Kuzmanovic, M. Rudproekt Scopje 1000 Macedonia Min Inst Belgrade 11000 Serbia Univ Belgrade Fac Org Sci Belgrad 11000 Serbia

Predicting the consequences of changes in limestone exploitation and consumption system is a problem that requires an adequate analytical approach. This paper presents the linear model of location optimization of limestone exploitation and consumption in Macedonia with 29 production entities - open-pit mines, and two options of consumption entities, with 15 and 16 consumers. By changing the number of consumers, the research demonstrates that mathematical model approach with adequate sensitivity to changes in relative parameters is necessary for a complete and reliable overview of system behavior.

关键词： Exploitation consumption limestone linear model restricting factors

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linear model decomposition for voltage-sensitive dye imaging signals: Application in awake behaving monkey

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NEUROIMAGE 2011年第2期54卷 1196-1210页

作者： Reynaud, Alexandre Takerkart, Sylvain Masson, Guillaume S. Chavane, Frederic CNRS UMR 6193 Team Dynam Visual Percept & Act Inst Neurosci Cognit Mediterranee F-13009 Marseille France Aix Marseille Univ Marseille France

Voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is the only technique that allows to directly measure neuronal activity over a large cortical population. It thus gives access to the dynamics of lateral interactions within or between cortical areas. However, VSDI signal suffers from a weak signal-to-noise ratio and processing methods are either rudimentary or dedicated to spatial or temporal denoising alone. Here we present an innovative method inspired by fMRI data processing, where the goal is to allow, for the first time, denoising of spatio-temporally inseparable VSDI signals and in the most challenging experimental condition, i.e. single trials in awake behaving monkeys. The method is based on a linear model (LM) decomposition of individual VSDI trials. The LM was designed meticulously by identifying all noise and signal components that are known to affect VSDI. We then compared its output against the classical methods based on blank division and detrending. LM proved to be significantly much more efficient to denoise spatial maps and temporal dynamics compared to these usual techniques. It also largely reduced trial-to-trial variability. These performances resulted in a four-fold improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and a two-fold increase of response detectability. Hence, with this method, fewer trials were needed to reach a high signal-to-noise ratio. Lastly, we showed that the LM method can accommodate for a large range of response dynamics, a crucial property for estimating spatial spread of activity or contrast dynamics. We believe that this method will make a strong contribution to imaging dynamics of population responses with high spatial and temporal resolution in trial-based experiments of awake animals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： LM linear model VSDI optical imaging signal processing denoising

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linear model analysis of the influencing factors of boar longevity in Southern China

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THERIOGENOLOGY 2017年 93卷 105-110页

作者： Wang, Chao Li, Jia-Lian Wei, Hong-Kui Zhou, Yuan-Fei Jiang, Si-Wen Peng, Jian Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Dept Anim Nutr & Feed Sci Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Minist Agr Key Lab Swine Genet & Breeding Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China YangXiang Joint Stock Co Guigang 53700 Peoples R China Cooperat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Pig Prod Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the boar herd life month (BHLM) in Southern China. A total of 1630 records of culling boars from nine artificial insemination centers were collected from January 2013 to May 2016. A logistic regression model and two linear models were used to analyze the effects of breed, housing type, age at herd entry, and seed stock herd on boar removal reason and BHLM, respectively. Boar breed and the age at herd entry had significant effects on the removal reasons (P < 0.001). Results of the two linear models (with or without removal reason including) showed boars raised individually in stalls exhibited shorter BHLM than those raised in pens (P < 0.001). Boars aged 5 and 6 months at herd entry (44.6%) showed shorter BHLM than those aged 8 and 9 months at herd entry (P < 0.05). Approximately 95% boars were culled for different reasons other than old age, and the BHLM of these boars was at least 12.3 months longer than that of boars culled for other reasons (P < 0.001). In conclusion, abnormal elimination in boars is serious and it had a negative effect on boar BHLM. Boar removal reason and BHLM can be affected by breed, housing type, and seed stock herd. Importantly, 8 months is suggested as the most suitable age for boar introduction. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Boar Influencing factor linear model Longevity Removal reason

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linear model OF A CLOSED THREE-SHAFT BRAYTON CYCLE

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SAIEE AFRICA RESEARCH JOURNAL 2006年第1期97卷 50-56页

作者： van Niekerk, C. R. Pritchard, J. F. van Schoor, G. van Wyk, M. A. North West Univ Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn Private Bag X6001 ZA-2520 Potchefstroom South Africa Centurion Eskom PBMR Pretoria South Africa Tshwane Univ Technol FSatie Pretoria South Africa

A linear model of a closed three-shaft Brayton cycle at normal power operation is developed. The model is intended to give an understanding of the dominant dynamic behaviour in a nuclear power system that utilizes a closed three-shaft Brayton cycle. The insights gained from the model can be used for system design as well as for the design of control algorithms. A conceptual linear model is constructed and it is explained how this model can be developed starting with the models of the turbines and compressors followed by models of the shafts and the volumes inside the circuit to finally obtain the linear state space equations. A time domain comparison is made between the linear system model and the responses predicted by the thermal-fluid analysis software program, Flownet.

关键词： linear model dominant dynamic behaviour control design Brayton cycle Flownet

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Dimension test approach of heteroscedasticity in the linear model

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COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION 2017年第6期46卷 4356-4366页

作者： Lee, Keunbaik Song, Hyejin Yoo, Jae Keun Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Stat Seoul South Korea Ewha Womans Univ Dept Stat Seoul 120750 South Korea

Heteroscedasticity testing has a long history and is still an important matter in the linear model. There exist many types of tests, but they are limited in use to their own specific cases and sensitive to normality. Here, we propose a dimension test approach to heteroscedasticity. The proposed test overcomes the shortcomings of the existing methods, so that it is robust to normality and is unified in sense that it is applicable in the linear model with multi-dimensional response. Numerical studies confirm that the proposed test is favorable over the existing tests with moderate sample sizes, and real data analysis is presented.

关键词： Heteroscedasticity linear model Permutation test Sliced average variance estimation

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A linear model for smooth DEA BCC frontiers

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2020年 140卷 106222-106222页

作者： Brandao, Luana Carneiro Baptista Soares de Mello, Joao Carlos Correia Del-Vecchio, Renata Raposo Fluminense Fed Univ Prod Engn Dept Rua Passo Patria 156 BR-24210240 Niteroi RJ Brazil Fluminense Fed Univ Inst Math Dept Anal Rua Prof Marcos Waldemar de Freitas ReisBlock G BR-24210200 Niteroi RJ Brazil

Smooth Data Envelopment Analysis was first proposed in 2002 to solve the classic problem of multiple optimal solutions for extreme-efficient DMUs. Since then, several studies proposed improvements to smooth models. However, they remained Quadratic Problems with the same objective function. The present work proposes a new model for smooth Data Envelopment Analysis, based on a new objective function. An important advantage of the new model is that it is a linear Problem, unlike previous smooth models, and therefore simpler to calculate. Simplifications, such as this one, are particularly important, because smooth models usually require laborious calculations, even for small examples. In this work, we study topological properties and other characteristics of the linear model with variable returns to scale. Finally, we use examples from the literature to compare results between models with the traditional and the linear objective functions. Even though the latter required simpler calculations, the results for both models were found to be the same in all examples. Moreover, we performed certain sensitivity analyses, and found that, in general, the linear objective function presented more appropriate results.

关键词： Data Envelopment Analysis Smooth frontier linear model Topology

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Bootstrap Approximation to the Distribution of M-estimates in a linear model

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2004年第1期20卷 93-104页

作者： XiaoMingWANG WangZHOU DepartmentofStatistics ShanghaiUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsShanghai200433P.R.China DepartmentofMathematics HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyHongKong

The authors establish the approximations to the distribution of M-estimates in a linear model by the bootstrap and the linear representation of bootstrap M-estimation, and prove that the approximation is valid in probability 1. A simulation is made to show the effects of bootstrap approximation, randomly weighted approximation and normal approximation.

关键词： linear model M-estimate linear representation Bootstrap approximation Normal approximation Randomly weighted approximation

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A decomposition of a linear model

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linear ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2009年第4期430卷 1017-1024页

作者： Ibarrola, P. Perez-Palomares, A. Univ Zaragoza Fac Sci Dept Stat Methods Zaragoza 50009 Spain Univ Complutense Fac Math Dept Stat & Operat Res E-28040 Madrid Spain

In this paper we consider a general linear model in a continuous time. We propose a decomposition of the process which helps us to understand the structure of the model. Moreover, the sufficiency of the BLUE estimator of the expectation of the process can be characterized in terms of the Gaussian character of a component of the decomposition. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： linear model Decomposition Gaussian distribution Sufficiency

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