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Output Forms of Packets in a Multicast Session Using network coding With R Flow

IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 152064-152075页

作者： Marquez, Jose D. Salcedo, Carolina A. Univ Norte Syst & Comp Engn Dept Barranquilla 081007 Colombia

A one-session multicast network, on which a coding scheme with network coding is defined, was implemented with a maximum common flow of $r$ -packets arriving simultaneously at $\vert T\vert $ sink nodes. Determining how to order the $r$ -packets that emerge from the source node $s$ through their output $n$ -links, constitutes a combinatorial problem. In this work, the set of all the possible output configurations is constructed, where each configuration is a vector of packets tags of length equal to $n$ . Each tag has a length equal to $r$ . Through a combinatorial algorithm on the set of possible output configurations, a path is carried out on the graph representing the one-session multicast network. The path is based on a topological ordering of the multicast graph that allowed us finding all possible ways to order the output of the $r$ -packets from $s$ to the sink nodes in $T$ . An ordering configuration based on network coding is valid, if the coding of packets is achieved through a linear combination in the coding nodes and the decoding of packets in the sink nodes. This validation verifies, then, a one-session multicast solution. The proposal of this work is independent of the network topology, the maximum flow value, and the size of the packets.

关键词： Encoding Routing network coding Multicast algorithms Decoding Galois fields Proposals Combinatorial algorithm linear network coding maximum flow network coding solution one-session multicast network

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network coding versus Replication Based Resilient Techniques to Mitigate Insider Attacks for Smart Metering

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2015年第6期11卷 1-11页

作者： Brunisholz, Pierre Erdene-Ochir, Ochirkhand Abdallah, Mohamed Qaraqe, Khalid Minier, Marine Valois, Fabrice CNRS UMR LIG INP F-5217 Grenoble France Qatar Univ Dept Elect Engn Doha Qatar Texas A&M Univ Qatar Dept Elect & Comp Engn Doha Qatar Cairo Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Giza Egypt Univ Lyon INSA Lyon INRIA F-69621 Lyon France

The main focus of this paper is the resilience of communication protocols for data gathering in distributed, large scale, and dense networks. In our previous work, we have proposed the resilient methods based on random behavior and data replications to improve route diversification, thus to take advantage of redundant network structure. Following these previous methods, we propose in this paper a new resilient method based on network coding techniques to improve resilience in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) for smart metering applications. More precisely, using our resilience metric based on a performance surface, we compare several variants of a well-known gradient based routing protocol with the previous methods (random routing and packet replications) and the new proposed methods (two network coding techniques). The proposed methods outperformed the previous methods in terms of data delivery success even in the presence of high attack intensity.

关键词： linear network coding ACQUISITION of data DISTRIBUTED computing WIRELESS sensor networks ROUTING (Computer network management)

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Fast Parallel Implementation for Random network coding on Embedded Sensor Nodes

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2014年第2期10卷 1-8页

作者： Choi, Seong-Min Lee, Kyogu Park, Joon-Sang Hongik Univ Dept Comp Engn Seoul 121791 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Transdisciplinary Studies Seoul 151742 South Korea

network coding is becoming essential part of network systems since it enhances system performance in various ways. To take full advantage of network coding, however, it is vital to guarantee low latency in the decoding process and thus parallelization of random network coding has drawn broad attention from the network coding community. In this paper, we investigate the problem of parallelizing random network coding for embedded sensor systems with multicore processors. Recently, general purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) technology has paved the way for parallelizing random network coding;however, it is not an option on embedded sensor nodes without GPUs and thus it is indispensable to leverage multicore processors which are becoming more common in embedded sensor nodes. We propose a novel random network coding parallelization technique that can fully exploit multicore processors. In our experiments, our parallel method exhibits over 150% throughput enhancement compared to existing state-of-the-art implementations on an embedded system.

关键词： linear network coding WIRELESS sensor nodes EMBEDDED computer systems GRAPHICS processing units (Computers) MULTICORE processors (Computers)

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network coding-Based Real-Time Retransmission Scheme in Wireless Sensor networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2015年第6期11卷 1-7页

作者： Zhu, Chang Zhu, Yanqin Li, Lingzhi Soochow Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), wireless links are unreliable and sensor nodes may be in sleep mode. Thus, many applications which require reliable broadcast cannot work properly if they lost some packets. In order to make sure every sensor node in the network receives all packets completely and correctly, retransmission of lost packets is indispensable. Many retransmission methods with network coding have been proposed but they do not catch coding opportunity. In this paper, real- time retransmission algorithm based on network coding (NCRR) is proposed to make the average number of transmissions as less as possible. During the transmission of original packets, we detect whether a certain time slot is suitable for retransmitting a coded packet based on recovery ratio. We analyze the number of transmissions with traditional retransmission and with network coding. Compared with existing approaches, simulation results show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the average number of transmissions and improve the transmission efficiency.

关键词： WIRELESS sensor networks linear network coding WIRELESS sensor nodes DATA packets & packeting DATA transmission systems ALGORITHMS

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network coding for Severe Packet Reordering in Multihop Wireless networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2015年第8期11卷 1-9页

作者： Lim, Chansook Hongik Univ Dept Comp & Informat Commun Engn Sejong 30016 South Korea

network coding is known to be effective in overcoming packet losses and packet reordering inmultihop wireless networks. Despite the benefits, network coding is hard to deploy without being compatible with TCP. To address this problem, a seminal paper proposed a network coding scheme that adopts an ACK-based sliding-widow network coding approach. In this paper we show that the previous scheme may not suffice to mitigate the effects of packets received out of order in multipath wireless networks where severe packet reordering persists. We propose a modified network coding layer where the receiver acknowledges every degree of freedomby using the sequence number of a newly seen packet instead of using that of the oldest unseen packet so that the network coding layer can be compatible with a TCP variant for severe packet reordering. To reduce the decoding matrix size and the coding buffer size, our scheme allows retransmission at the network coding layer. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the exiting scheme in multipath wireless networks particularly when severe packet reordering persists.

关键词： linear network coding WIRELESS sensor networks MULTIPATH channels WINDOWS (Graphical user interfaces) TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) DEGREES of freedom

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A Multicast Algorithm for Wireless Sensor networks Based on network coding

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2014年第1期000卷 1-9页

作者： Han, Zhi-jie Wang, Ru-chuan Xiao, Fu Henan Univ Coll Comp & Informat Engn Kaifeng 475001 Henan Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Comp Nanjing 210003 Jiangsu Peoples R China

We propose a set of distributed algorithms for improving the multicast throughput in wireless sensor networks. To this end, network coding is applied when exploiting path diversity with two disjoint paths to each multicast group receiver. We depart from the traditional wisdom that the multicast topology from source to receivers needs to be a tree and propose a novel and distributed algorithm to construct a 2-redundant multicast graph (a directed acyclic graph) as the multicast topology, on which network coding is applied. We conduct both analytical and simulation-based studies to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of our algorithm.

关键词： MULTICASTING (Computer networks) WIRELESS sensor networks linear network coding PERFORMANCE evaluation COMPUTER simulation

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MD-POR: Multisource and Direct Repair for network coding-Based Proof of Retrievability

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2015年第6期2015卷 14-14页

作者： Omote, Kazumasa Tran Phuong Thao Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Nomi Ishikawa 9231292 Japan

When data owners publish their data to a cloud storage, data integrity and availability become typical problems because the cloud servers are never trusted. To address these problems, researchers proposed the Proof of Retrievability (POR) protocol which allows a verifier to check and repair the data stored in the cloud servers. Based on the POR protocol, the network coding technique is commonly applied to increase the efficiency in data transmission and data repair. However, most previous schemes neither consider a practical scenario nor use the network coding efficiently. In this paper, a lightweight network coding-based POR scheme, called MD-POR (Multisource and Direct Repair for Proof of Retrievability) is proposed. Unlike previous schemes, the proposed MD-POR scheme allows multiple clients who have different secret keys to participate in the scheme. Moreover, the MD-POR scheme supports the direct repair feature in which a corrupted data can be recovered by the servers without burdening the clients. The MD-POR scheme also supports public authentication feature in which a third party auditor is employed to check the servers, and the client is thus free of the responsibility of periodically checking the servers. Furthermore, the MD-POR scheme is constructed based on a symmetric key setting.

关键词： CLOUD storage DATA integrity INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems linear network coding COMPUTERS -- Access control CLIENT/SERVER computing

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network-coding-Based Energy-Efficient Data Fusion and Transmission for Wireless Sensor networks with Heterogeneous Receivers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR networkS 2014年第unknown期2014卷 1-13页

作者： Wang, Lei Yang, Yuwang Zhao, Wei Xu, Lei Lan, Shaohua Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China

This paper proposes a multirate network coding scheme to improve the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Firstly, a five-layer network model is introduced, in which a perfect solution can always be achieved. Then, a network topology which belongs to the five-layer network model will be established from the given sensor networks so that the receivers can receive data at a higher rate without introducing excessive additional transmissions, which improves the energy efficiency as a result. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in a simulated instance, and the result shows that 9% of transmission overhead can be saved compared with traditional scheme.

关键词： linear network coding ENERGY consumption DATA fusion (Statistics) DATA transmission systems WIRELESS sensor networks HETEROGENEOUS computing TOPOLOGY

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Packet Output and Input Configuration in a Multicasting Session Using network coding

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KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019年第2期13卷 686-710页

作者： Marquez, Jose Gutierrez, Ismael Valle, Sebastian Falco, Melanis Univ Norte Syst & Comp Dept Km 5 Puerto Colombia Highway Barranquilla Colombia Univ Norte Math Dept Km 5 Puerto Colombia Highway Barranquilla Colombia

This work proposes a model to solve the problem of network coding over a one-session multicast network. The model is based on a system of restrictions that defines the packet flows received in the sink nodes as functions of the outgoing flows from the source node. A multicast network graph is used to derive a directed labeled line graph (DLLG). The successive powers of the DLLG adjacency matrix to the convergence in the null matrix permits the construction of the jump matrix Source-Sinks. In its reduced form, this shows the dependency of the incoming flows in the sink nodes as a function of the outgoing flows in the source node. The emerging packets for each outgoing link from the source node are marked with a tag that is a linear combination of variables that corresponds to powers of two. Restrictions are built based on the dependence of the outgoing and incoming flows and the packet tags as variables. The linear independence of the incoming flows to the sink nodes is mandatory. The method is novel because the solution is independent of the Galois field size where the packet contents are defined.

关键词： Multicast network linear network coding linear Constraint System network coding Solution Directed Labeled Line Graph

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Secure-network-coding-Based File Sharing via Device-to-Device Communication

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2017年第1期2017卷 1-7页

作者： Wang, Lei Wang, Qing Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Comp Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Tongda Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In order to increase the efficiency and security of file sharing in the next-generation networks, this paper proposes a large scale file sharing scheme based on secure network coding via device-to-device (D2D) communication. In our scheme, when a user needs to share data with others in the same area, the source node and all the intermediate nodes need to perform secure network coding operation before forwarding the received data. This process continues until all the mobile devices in the networks successfully recover the original file. The experimental results show that secure network coding is very feasible and suitable for such file sharing. Moreover, the sharing efficiency and security outperform traditional replication-based sharing scheme.

关键词： COMPUTER network security COMPUTER file sharing PEER-to-peer architecture (Computer networks) linear network coding DATA replication

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