This paper presents a new scheme for underwater target classification in a changing environment. An adaptive target classification system is developed that uses the decisions of multiple aspects of the objects. The sy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780370449
This paper presents a new scheme for underwater target classification in a changing environment. An adaptive target classification system is developed that uses the decisions of multiple aspects of the objects. The system employs a decision feedback mechanism to map the changed feature vector to a new feature space familiar to the classifier. Results on an acoustic backscattered data set, namely the 40 kHz data collected at Coastal Systems Station (CSS), are presented. This data set contains returns from six different objects at 72 aspect angles with 5 degrees separation and with varying signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR). The results are then benchmarked with those of a neural network-based multi-aspect fusion system.
The effects of extensive pump handling on chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries have been investigated in this study. A number of common CMP slurries were recirculated in bellows pump loops. Large particle coun...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780365550
The effects of extensive pump handling on chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries have been investigated in this study. A number of common CMP slurries were recirculated in bellows pump loops. Large particle counts (LPC) and particle size distributions (PSDs) were generated using commercially available instruments. The PSDs of oxide CMP slurries illustrate distinct, developing characteristics as a result of repeated shearing during handling. Unlike most silica oxide slurries, alumina- and ceria-based slurries do not seem to generate large particles due to pump handling over extended periods of time. Some of these slurries show a decrease in number of large particles or soft flakes in pump recirculation tests. The PSD and LPC data for an oxide slurry handling test in a vacuum-pressure-dispense-technology-based pump show generation of fewer large particles as compared to a bellows pump. This study also demonstrates that insignificant progressive settling of abrasive particles takes place inside the pump or in the pump loop during handling of quick-settling CMP slurries.
The cost-effective hardware architecture of a low bit rate 1.6 Kbit/s LPC (linearpredictive coefficient)-based vocoder is proposed. The proposed architecture integrates both algorithms of the encoder and decoder. In ...
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The cost-effective hardware architecture of a low bit rate 1.6 Kbit/s LPC (linearpredictive coefficient)-based vocoder is proposed. The proposed architecture integrates both algorithms of the encoder and decoder. In the encoder, a simple finite state machine is presented to compute the autocorrelation function of speech. At the decoder side, efficient circuits are designed to transfer LSP (lne spectrum pair) to LPC. Only 29000 gate counts of XILINX XC4036XL FPGA are used to implement the vocoder.
We present a scheme for single frame (20 msec) and double frame (40 msec) quantization of line spectral frequency (LSF) parameters in a code-excited linear prediction (CELP) speech coder using noise feedback coding. T...
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We present a scheme for single frame (20 msec) and double frame (40 msec) quantization of line spectral frequency (LSF) parameters in a code-excited linear prediction (CELP) speech coder using noise feedback coding. To improve the performance, an appropriate lattice structure is used as the quantizer in the noise feedback loop. We also consider a switched structure based on using either a double frame quantizer or two single frame quantizers for two subsequent frames where an extra bit is used to specify the choice offering a lower distortion. Numerical results are presented showing an excellent performance with very low complexity.
Various speech analysis methods are compared from the points of view of robustness against noise. Computer simulations reveal that the most robust method is the instrumental variable method involving an input estimati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9628576623
Various speech analysis methods are compared from the points of view of robustness against noise. Computer simulations reveal that the most robust method is the instrumental variable method involving an input estimation technique based on thresholding the amplitude of a modified prediction error sequence.
We report the demonstration of strong (>20 dB) coupling in long-period fiber-gratings over bandwidths as large as 43 nm. These novel spectra are obtained by suitably tailoring the dispersion properties of a fiber. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1557526559
We report the demonstration of strong (>20 dB) coupling in long-period fiber-gratings over bandwidths as large as 43 nm. These novel spectra are obtained by suitably tailoring the dispersion properties of a fiber. The polarization dependent coupling for the mode-converters varies by less than 0.004% over the entire spectrum.
We focus on the floating body effects (FBEs) in narrow channel SOI MOSFETs such as saturation subthreshold swing, breakdown voltage and single transistor latch-up. We find that all improve as the channel width decreas...
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We focus on the floating body effects (FBEs) in narrow channel SOI MOSFETs such as saturation subthreshold swing, breakdown voltage and single transistor latch-up. We find that all improve as the channel width decreases and examine the mechanisms causing this improvement. We demonstrate experimently and by simulation, that the reduced FBEs in narrow channel devices are caused by dopant outdiffusion and lifetime reduction along the channel edges.
We compare two approaches in selecting neural network learning parameters and architecture. Traditionally they are found by trial and error (handcrafted) and alternatively, can be found using a genetic algorithm. Tria...
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We compare two approaches in selecting neural network learning parameters and architecture. Traditionally they are found by trial and error (handcrafted) and alternatively, can be found using a genetic algorithm. Trial and error can find good solutions but the drawback is this method is time consuming and it can only try a few possible solutions while the genetic algorithm is known to be able to search for a good solution intelligently and faster with greater diversity of possible solutions. We tested the approaches on ten isolated Malay digits from 0 to 9. Three factors are compared between the two approaches: time to get a good solution; network learning convergence; and the recognition rate. Our findings show that the neural network using the genetic algorithm achieved 94% recognition rate while the handcrafted neural network achieved 95%. However, using the genetic algorithm, a good solution can be found within days while with the handcrafted method it took weeks. The network learning convergence for both approaches were relatively the same.
Speech is the most natural and widespread form of human communication. That is why speech synthesis has interested researchers for decades. It turns out that developing an unlimited text-to-speech system is an enormou...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769511651
Speech is the most natural and widespread form of human communication. That is why speech synthesis has interested researchers for decades. It turns out that developing an unlimited text-to-speech system is an enormous task. The traditional methods (synthesis by rule and synthesis by concatenation of pre-recorded sounds) used for this have not given good results. In such a situation, neural networks (NNs) have the potential to give better results thanks to their property of interpolation and their capacity of generalisation. We present a synthesis system for the Arabic language. The choice of parameters which will be used to drive the NN is very important and have an effective influence on the quality of produced speech. Work has been done to evaluate different methods based on linear predictive coding; the resulting speech was machine-like and not intelligible. We suggest to use CELP to drive the NN, which provides high quality speech.
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