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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2006年第2期23卷 154-+页

作者： Atal, BS 3dB Labs Inc.

This paper recollects the events that led to proposing the linear prediction coding (LPC) method, then the multipulse LPC and the code-excited LPC.

关键词： history linear predictive coding code-excited LPC linear prediction coding multipulse LPC linear prediction

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CNN: A speaker recognition system using a cascaded neural network

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1996年第1期7卷 87-99页

作者： Zaki, M Ghalwash, A Elkouny, AA MIL TECH COLL CAIROEGYPT AIR DEF COLL CAIROEGYPT

This work includes the design and implementation of both conventional, and neural network approaches to recognition of the speakers templates which are introduced to the system via a voice master card and preprocessed before extracting the features used in the recognition. The conclusion is that the system performance in case of neural network is better than that of the conventional one, achieving a smooth degradation when dealing with noisy patterns and higher performance when dealing with noise-free patterns.

关键词： speaker recognition neural network linear prediction coding cepstrum analysis unsupervised learning Kohonen's self organising map

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Impact of network routing on the end-to-end transmission quality of cellular and PCS connections

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 1998年第4期47卷 1227-1233页

作者： Dimolitsas, S Corcoran, FL Ravishankar, C Comsat Labs Clarksburg MD 20871 USA

Long-distance and especially international calls involve an increasing number of multilink circuits of cellular, personal communications, mobile satellite, and public switched telephone network (PSTN)-type connections incorporating a variety of speech coding devices, In particular, the rapid growth of cellular communications and the impeding emergence of personal communication systems (PCS's) has highlighted the need to characterize the quality of end-to-end connections when cellular and PCS terminals are connected over the PSTN. At the same time, the nonlinear nature of low-rate parametric speech coding has rendered unsuitable known analytical methods for estimating end-to-end quality of interconnected networks. Instead, quantification of transmission performance requires direct subjective evaluation of the pertinent connections of interest. In this paper, the quality of North American, Japanese, and European digital cellular and PCS terminals is quantified when these are interconnected using 16-kb/s low-delay code-excited linear prediction (LD-CELP) and 32-kb/s adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) facilities. From these assessments, it can be concluded that digital cellular networks may meet end-to-end transmission planning criteria when interconnected with the switched network as long as calls are terminated to a wired terminal.

关键词： adaptive codes adaptive modulation cellular radio delays differential pulse code modulation digital radio internetworking linear predictive coding mobile satellite communication personal communication networks speech coding telecommunication network plan cellular radio Personal communication networks end-to-end transfer differential pulse code modulation Information Network Transmission Characteristics Digital radio mobile satellite communication linear prediction coding Network routing Adaptive coding speech coding Personal communication systems adaptive modulation internetworking

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Compressing animated meshes with fine details using local spectral analysis and deformation transfer

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VISUAL COMPUTER 2020年第5期36卷 1029-1042页

作者： Chen, Chengju Xia, Qing Li, Shuai Qin, Hong Hao, Aimin Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing Peoples R China SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci New York NY USA

Geometry-centric shape animation, usually represented as dynamic meshes with fixed connectivity and time-deforming geometry, is becoming ubiquitous in digital entertainment and other relevant graphics applications. However, digital animation with fine details, which requires more diversity of texture on meshed geometry, always consumes a significant amount of storage space, and compactly storing and efficiently transmitting these meshes still remain technically challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel key-frame-based dynamic meshes compression method, wherein we decompose the meshes into the low-frequency and high-frequency parts by applying piece-wise manifold harmonic bases to reduce spatial-temporal redundancy of primary poses and by using deformation transfer to recover high-frequency details. First of all, we partition the animated meshes into several clusters with similar poses, and the primary poses of meshes in each cluster can be characterized as a linear combination of manifold harmonic bases derived from the key-frame of that cluster. Second, we recover the geometric details on each primary pose using the deformation transfer technique which reconstructs the details from the key-frames. Thus, we only need to store a very small number of key-frames and a few harmonic coefficients for compressing time-varying meshes, which would reduce a significant amount of storage in contrast with traditional methods where bases were stored explicitly. Finally, we employ the state-of-the-art static mesh compression method to store the key-frames and apply a second-order linear prediction coding to the harmonics coefficients to further reduce the spatial-temporal redundancy. Our comprehensive experiments and thorough evaluations on various datasets have manifested that, our novel method could obtain a high compression ratio while preserving high-fidelity geometry details and guaranteeing limited human perceived distortion rate simultaneously, as quantitatively chara

关键词： Animated mesh compression Manifold harmonic basis Deformation transfer linear prediction coding

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A TOLL QUALITY 8-KB/S SPEECH CODEC FOR THE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS-SYSTEM (PCS)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 1994年第3期43卷 808-816页

作者： SALAMI, R LAFLAMME, C ADOUL, JP MASSALOUX, D CTR NATL ETUD TELECOMMUN F-22301 LANNIONFRANCE

A toll quality speech codec at 8 Kb/s suitable for the future personal communications system is presented. The codec is currently under standardization by the ITU-T (successor of CCITT) where the codec terms of reference were mainly determined considering PCS application. The encoding algorithm is based on algebraic code-excited linear prediction (ACELP) and has a speech frame of 10 ms. Efficient pitch and codebook search strategies, along with efficient quantization procedures, have been developed to achieve toll quality encoded speech with a complexity implementable on current fixed-point DSP chips. Formal subjective listening tests, performed by ITU-T SG 12, showed that the codec quality is equivalent to that of G.726 ADPCM at 32 Kb/s in error-free conditions and it outperforms G.726 under error conditions. The codec performs adequately under tandeming conditions, and can support a frame erasure rate up to 3% with a degradation in its performance that is still worse than the ITU-T requirements, and this is one subject of study for the next phase. The algorithm has been implemented on a single fixed-point DSP for the ITU-T subjective test, and required about 29 MIPS. A recent optimized version, however, requires 24 MIPS without any speech quality degradation,

关键词： analogue-digital conversion codecs linear predictive coding mobile radio systems personal communication networks speech coding telecommunication standards vocoders 8 kbit/s ACELP ITU-T subjective test PCS algebraic code-excited linear prediction codebook codecs telecommunication standards Personal communication networks ACELP speech codecs speech coding POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM Analog-digital conversion Vocoders Mobile radio systems Personal communication systems linear prediction coding codebook

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T cell chemotaxis to lysophosphatidylcholine through the G2A receptor

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2004年第1期101卷 245-250页

作者： Radu, CG Yang, LV Riedinger, M Au, M Witte, ON Univ Calif Los Angeles Howard Hughes Med Inst Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

G2A is an immunoregulatory G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in lymphocytes and macrophages. Ectopic overexpression studies have implicated G2A as a receptor for the bioactive lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). However, the functional consequences of LPC-G2A interaction at physiological levels of receptor expression, and in a cellular context relevant to its immunological role, remain largely unknown. Here, we show impaired chemotaxis to LPC of a T lymphoid cell line in which G2A expression was chronically down-regulated by RNA interference technology. Rescuing this phenotype by reconstitution of the physiological level of receptor expression further supports a functional connection between LPC-G2A interaction and cellular motility. Overexpression of G2A in the T lymphoid cell line significantly enhanced chemotaxis to LPC. It also modified migration toward the LPC-related molecule, lysophosphatidic acid, indicating the possibility of crosstalk between G2A and endogenous lysophosphatidic acid receptors. The role of G2A in LPC-mediated cell migration may be relevant to the autoimmune syndrome associated with genetic inactivation of this G protein-coupled receptor in mice. The experimental system described here can be useful for understanding the structural requirements for LPC recognition by G2A and the signaling pathways regulated by this ligand-receptor pair.

关键词： Protein-coupled receptor Short-interfering rnas Mammalian-cells Ligand Expression Activation System Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Apoptosis Motility Lymphoid cell lines receptor expression GPR132 gene sphingosine phosphorylcholine Chemotaxis G2A receptor linear prediction coding Lysophosphatidylcholines Mammalian cells Locomotion G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

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CEBAF UV/IR FEL SUBSYSTEM TESTING AND VALIDATION PROGRAM

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 1995年第1-3期358卷 159-162页

作者： NEIL, GR BENSON, SV DYLLA, HF LIU, H Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 12000 Jefferson Avenue Newport News VA 23606 USA

A design has been established for IR and UV FELs within the Laser Processing Consortium's (LPC) program for development and application of high-average-power FELs for materials processing. Hardware prototyping and testing for the IR portion of the system are underway. The driver portion has been designed based on the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology now seeing large-scale application in the commissioning of CEBAF, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, where LPC activities are centered. As of July 1994, measurements of beam performance confirm SRF's benefits in beam quality and stability, which are applicable to high-average-power FELs.

关键词： Electron-gun large sizes self-resonance frequency linear prediction coding PCSK7 gene iridium COMMISSIONING electron-beam accelerator Electron guns

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Recognition of two psychological conditions of a single cow by her voice

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2008年第1期62卷 67-72页

作者： Ikeda, Yoshio Ishii, Yohei Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Agr Div Environm Sci & Technol Kyoto 6068502 Japan Sanyo Elect Co Ltd Human Ecol Res Ctr Tokyo Japan

A study was made to recognize the changes in the vocalization of a cow under two types of psychologically stressed conditions-being hungry before feeding, and being separated from her calf for weaning. The change of the spectral structure of the voice signal was used to recognize these two conditions. The lowest six resonant frequencies of the voice signals recorded for the hunger condition were higher than those for the separation, and almost all vocalizations for these two conditions could be recognized by the linear discriminant analysis of the resonant frequencies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： vocalization individual cow resonant frequency hunger weaning linear prediction coding

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Gain-optimized spectral distortions for pronunciation training

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OPTIMIZATION LETTERS 2022年第7期16卷 2095-2113页

作者： Savchenko, Andrey V. Savchenko, Vladimir V. Savchenko, Lyudmila V. HSE Univ Lab Algorithms & Technol Network Anal Nizhnii Novgorod Russia Nizhny Novgorod State Linguist Univ Nizhnii Novgorod Russia HSE Univ Nizhnii Novgorod Russia

This paper considers an assessment and evaluation of speech sound pronunciation quality in computer-aided language learning systems. We examine the gain optimization of spectral distortion measures between the speech signals of a native speaker and a learner. During training, a learner has to achieve stable pronunciation of all sounds. This is measured by computing the distances between the sounds produced by the learner and the model speaker. In order to improve pronunciation, it is proposed to adapt the linear prediction coding coefficients of reference sounds by using the gradient descent optimization of the gain-optimized dissimilarity. As a result, we demonstrate the possibility of synthesizing sounds that will be either close to the model pronunciation or achievable by a learner. An experimental study shows that the proposed procedure leads to high efficiency for pronunciation training even in the presence of noise in the observed utterance.

关键词： Computer-aided language learning Computer-assisted pronunciation tool Speech quality assessment Itakura-Saito divergence Gain optimization linear prediction coding Autoregressive model

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ACTIVATION OF FLUORIDE-STIMULATED ADENYLATE-CYCLASE BY PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2 IN THE CAUDATE-NUCLEUS OF THE RAT-BRAIN

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NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 1983年第8期8卷 1059-1069页

作者： REESE, JH HOSS, W UNIV ROCHESTER SCH MED & DENT CTR BRAIN RES ROCHESTER NY 14642 USA

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) increases adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the rat caudate nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. After maximal stimulation by F, PLA2 treatment further increases AC activity 2.4 fold. Adenylate cyclase activity is maximal after 45% hydrolysis of the phospholipids. Of the products of PLA2 treatment only lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) produces such an increase in AC activity. LPC solubilizes the enzyme, decreases the Km value for ATP, and requires much larger amounts of LPC than that produced by lipase treatment. After maximal stimulation with F and PLA2, removal of most of the LPC does not reduce the activity of adenylate cyclase. Apparently, removal of membrane lipid rather than generation of LPC is responsible for the activation of brain adenylate cyclase by phospholipase A2.

关键词： Rat Brain PCSK7 gene Fluorides Membrane Lipids ALTERNATING CURRENT Caudate Nucleus Maximal Adenylyl Cyclases Phospholipases Phospholipases A2 linear prediction coding Activation

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