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Impact of Using Near Real-Time Green Vegetation Fraction in Noah Land Surface Model of NOAA NCEP on Numerical Weather Predictions

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ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY 2018年第Pt.2期2018卷 9256396-1-9256396-12页

作者： Fang, Li Zhan, Xiwu Hain, Christopher R. Liu, Jicheng Univ Maryland Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr 5825 Univ Res Court College Pk MD 20740 USA NOAA NESDIS STAR 5830 Univ Res Court College Pk MD 20740 USA NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr Huntsville AL 35812 USA

Green vegetation fraction (GVF) is one of the input parameters of the Noah land surface model (LSM) that is the land component of a number of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of NOAA. The Noah LSM in current NCEP operational NWP models has been using static multiyear averages of monthly GVF derived from satellite observations of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index. The multiyear averages of GVF are evidently not the representative of actual conditions of the land surface vegetation cover. (is study used a near-real-time (NRT) GVF data set generated from the 8-day composite of the leaf area index product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to assess the impact of NRT GVF on off-line Noah LSM simulations and NWP forecast model. Simulations of the off-line Noah LSM in the Land Information System (LIS) and weather forecasts of the NASA-Unified Weather and Research Forecasting (NUWRF) were obtained using either the static multiyear average AVHRR GVF data set or the NRT MODIS GVF while meteorological forcing data and other settings were kept the same. The off-line simulations and WRF forecasts were then compared against in situ measurements or reanalysis products to assess the impact of using NRT GVF. Improvements of both soil moisture simulations as well as forecasts of 2-meter air temperature and humidity and precipitation from NUWRF were observed using the NRT GVF data products. The RMSE in SM estimates from the off-line Noah model is reduced by around 1.0% (1.41%) during the green-up phase and by 1.48% (2.24%) over the senescence phase for the surface (root zone) SM simulations. Around 82.3% validation sites (out of 1178 sites) showed positive impact on coupled WRF model with the insertion of NRT GVF.

关键词： Impact Using Near Napier\'s constant quasi-realtime language input parameter weather forecasting linux security module National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAMS OFF LINE NATIONAL EMERGENCY ALARM REPEATER Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Land surface

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A General 3D Lattice Spring Model for Modeling Elastic Waves

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BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017年第5期107卷 2194-2212页

作者： Xia, Muming Zhou, Hui Li, Qingqing Chen, Hanming Wang, Yufeng Wang, Shucheng China Univ Petr China Natl Petr Corp Key Lab Geophys Explorat State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Forward modeling is the foundation of seismic inversion, migration, and geological interpretation. A general 3D lattice spring model (LSM) based on Hooke's and Newton's laws is devised to mimic elastic wave propagation in the 3D space. A generic equation controlling the weights for calculating the spring force is deduced, and different discrete models can be built by simply choosing different solutions of the equation. Three distinct LSMs with different patterns of springs between the nodes are discussed, and their accuracy is compared against the reference solution given by the staggered finite-difference method. One homogeneous and two heterogeneous 3D models are tested using LSM and finite-difference method. The results obtained by both the simulation methods are hard to distinguish, and LSM is a little more dispersive than finite-difference method, but with a better stability condition. Though different kind of LSM schemes can obtain almost the same wavefields as finite-difference method, they represent the local elastic properties of the material with slightly different accuracy. As we can assume the springs across the cracks or pores are disconnected in LSM, such a discrete scheme can offer a new way to model elastic wave propagation in complex media with discontinuities.

关键词： analog approach Material properties Elastic waves Steady state local elastic properties Finite difference methods linux security module Three Dimensions

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Visible Light Techniques in the FinFET Era: Challenges, Threats and Opportunities 24

Visible Light Techniques in the FinFET Era: Challenges, Thre...

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24th IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)

作者： Lohrke, Heiko Zoellner, Hannes Scholz, Philipp Tajik, Shahin Boit, Christian Seifert, Jean-Pierre TUB Tech Univ Berlin Dept High Frequency & Semicond Syst Technol Semicond Devices Einsteinufer 19Sekr E4 D-10587 Berlin Germany Univ Appl Sci Jena Dept Elect Engn Carl Zeiss Promenade 2 D-07745 Jena Germany TUB Tech Univ Berlin Dept Software Engn & Theoret Comp Sci Secur Telecommun Ernst Reuter Pl 7Sekr TEL 17 D-10587 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538617793

This work discusses visible light laser voltage probing (VIS-LVP) and gallium phosphide solid immersion lens (GaP SIL) research for Integrated Circuit (IC) analysis at Technische Universitat Berlin. An overview of the challenges in connection with the ultra-precision fabrication of GaP SILs and their application is given. The use of visible light is not only opening a path for fault isolation in small geometry devices, but it also eases access to sensitive data in security relevant IC functions. As previous work has demonstrated that VIS-LVP can be realized with moderate effort, the question is raised if attackers are able to implement visible light attack techniques with moderate or even low cost. To this end, as a first step for attack risk evaluation, a visible light Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM) with a cost of less than 100 $ is presented. The current and future capabilities of such a setup are reviewed and relevant protection concepts are discussed.

关键词： LSM reviewed relevant protection linux security module Visible Light Integrated circuits fault isolation Sensitive data Attackers ultraprecision Fin field effect transistors Threat

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Reversible Decomposition of Secondary Phases in BaO Infiltrated LSM Electrodes-Polarization Effects

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ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2016年第24期3卷 1600750-1-1600750-11页

作者： Traulsen, Marie L. McIntyre, Melissa D. Norrman, Kion Sanna, Simone Mogensen, Mogens B. Walker, Robert A. Tech Univ Denmark Dept Energy Convers & Storage Frederiksborgvej 399 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Montana State Univ Dept Chem & Biochem Bozeman MT 59717 USA

In operando Raman spectroscopy is used to study ceramic La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 +/-delta electrodes infiltrated with BaO. The aim of this work is to clarify why BaO infiltration reduces the polarization resistance in oxygen containing atmospheres. Prior to the in operando experiments, ex situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal the formation of a secondary phase, Ba3Mn2O8, on the electrode. During the in operando Raman investigation of the BaO-infiltrated La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 +/-delta electrodes, experiments are performed at 300 and 500 degrees C with oxygen partial pressure 0.1 atm and with -1 or +1 V applied potential. A changing electrode surface is observed during operation as the Ba3Mn2O8 secondary phase decomposes and manganese oxide accumulates on the electrode surface during cathodic polarization. The observed changes are reversible. These results suggest that the formation of Ba3Mn2O8 is responsible for the reduced polarization resistance observed at open circuit voltage (OCV) in an oxygen containing atmosphere. Furthermore, the results illustrate the dramatic differences between the electrode surface composition at OCV and during cathodic polarization. Overall, the results highlight the dynamic interactions between minor secondary phases and applied potential, a general effect that may be important for the high-performance frequently observed with ceramic electrodes prepared by infiltration.

关键词： operando Raman spectroscopy manganese oxides Polarization resistance Electrodes Spectrography Cathodic polarization Raman spectrometry linux security module Raman Surface composition Phase infiltration

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The Fast mode for ZEISS LSM 880 with Airyscan: high-speed confocal imaging with super-resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio

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NATURE METHODS 2016年第11期13卷 I-II页

作者： Huff, Joseph Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC Thornwood NY 10594 USA

In May 2016, ZEISS announced the next innovation step for laser-scanning microscopy imaging with the introduction of the Fast mode for ZEISS LSM 880 with Airyscan. The new concept combines the Airyscan pinhole-plane detection technology with a new illumination shaping approach, enabling a fourfold increase in image acquisition rates. With the new Fast mode, Airyscan now affords researchers simultaneous access to super-resolution, increased signal-to-noise ratio and increased acquisition speeds without compromise.

关键词： compromise Imaging Laser Scanning Microscopy Confocal linux security module Fasting super-resolution acquisition rate inspection technique

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A new Intrusion Detection Mechanism in SElinux 2

A new Intrusion Detection Mechanism in SELinux

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International Symposium on System and Software Reliability (ISSSR)

作者： Zhang, Runnan Liu, Gang Yuan, Xin Ji, Shaomin Zhang, Guofang Xidian Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509055630

A new intrusion detection mechanism in SElinux based on dual-Markov chain and triggered by critical system calls is put forward in this paper. The mechanism integrates access control with intrusion detection by linux security module (LSM) in SElinux and considers both the global behaviour characteristics and local behaviour characteristics. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the mechanism we propose is able to integrate access control with intrusion detection effectively and gets a preferable efficiency of intrusion detection, thus enhancing system security.

关键词： intrusion detection dual-Markov chain system calls access control linux security module embedded system security

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of V2V-based Lane Speed Monitoring Application: A Simulation Study

Evaluating the Effectiveness of V2V-based Lane Speed Monitor...

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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

作者： Danyang Tian Weixia Li Guoyuan Wu Kanok Boriboonsomsin Matthew Barth Samer Rajab Sue Bai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Center for Environmental Research & Technology UC Riverside Honda R&D Americas Inc.

ISBN: (纸本)9781509018901

Connected vehicles extend the capability of information collection, and thus open more opportunities for innovative advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In this paper, we propose a Lane Speed Monitoring (LSM) application based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. This application takes advantage of Basic Safety Messages (BSM) transmitted from equipped vehicles via dedicated short range communication (DSRC), to estimate the real-time traffic states at the lane level. It then provides the driver with a recommendation on the optimal lane selection in terms of traffic conditions. A comprehensive simulation study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of this application, including safety, mobility, and environmental impacts, under various scenarios. Results indicate that the LSM application is beneficial to the individual user even under a low market penetration rate. Vehicles equipped with the application demonstrate up to 11% average speed improvement.

关键词： Lanes Dedicated short range communications advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) information gathering real-time traffic vehicle Environmental impact Drivers linux security module Traffic

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Chromium deposition and poisoning of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 oxygen electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells

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FARADAY DISCUSSIONS 2015年第0期182卷 457-476页

作者： Chen, Kongfa Hyodo, Junji Dodd, Aaron Ai, Na Ishihara, Tatsumi Jian, Li Jiang, San Ping Curtin Univ Dept Chem Engn Fuels & Energy Technol Inst Perth WA 6102 Australia Kyushu Univ Fac Engn Dept Appl Chem Nishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Univ Western Australia Ctr Microscopy Characterisat & Anal Nedlands WA 6009 Australia Kyushu Univ Int Inst Carbon Neutral Energy Res WPI I2CNER Nishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mould Technol Ctr Fuel Cell Innovat Sch Mat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

The effect of the presence of an Fe-Cr alloy metallic interconnect on the performance and stability of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) oxygen electrodes is studied for the first time under solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) operating conditions at 800 degrees C. The presence of the Fe-Cr interconnect accelerates the degradation and delamination processes of the LSM oxygen electrodes. The disintegration of LSM particles and the formation of nanoparticles at the electrode/electrolyte interface are much faster as compared to that in the absence of the interconnect. Cr deposition occurs in the bulk of the LSM oxygen electrode with a high intensity on the YSZ electrolyte surface and on the LSM electrode inner surface close to the electrode/electrolyte interface. SIMS, GI-XRD, EDS and XPS analyses clearly identify the deposition and formation of chromium oxides and strontium chromate on both the electrolyte surface and electrode inner surface. The anodic polarization promotes the surface segregation of SrO and depresses the generation of manganese species such as Mn2+. This is evidently supported by the observation of the deposition of SrCrO4, rather than (Cr, Mn)(3)O-4 spinels as in the case under the operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells. The present results demonstrate that the Cr deposition is essentially a chemical process, initiated by the nucleation and grain growth reaction between the gaseous Cr species and segregated SrO on LSM oxygen electrodes under SOEC operating conditions.

关键词： Electrolytic cells Eurostat Operating conditions linux security module Regenerative fuel cells Surface segregation chromium oxides chromium Oxygen electrodes

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PROPIT: A PROspective comparative clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of PITavastatin in patients with metabolic syndrome

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CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015年第5期82卷 670-677页

作者： Choi, Sung Hee Lim, Soo Hong, Eun Shil Seo, Ji A. Park, Cheol-Young Noh, Jung Hyun Mok, Ji Oh Lee, Ki Young Park, Jong Sook Kim, Dae Jung Lee, Chang Beom Kim, Sung Rae Jang, Hak Chul Seoul Natl Univ Coll Med Bundang Hosp Dept Internal Med Songnam South Korea Korea Univ Coll Med Div Endocrinol & Metab Dept Internal Med Seoul 136705 South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Med Dept Endocrinol & Metab Kangbuk Samsung Hosp Seoul South Korea Inje Univ Coll Med Ilsan Paik Hosp Dept Internal Med Goyang South Korea Soonchunhyang Univ Div Endocrinol & Metab Dept Internal Med Sch Med Bucheon South Korea Gachon Univ Med & Sci Grad Sch Med Dept Internal Med Inchon South Korea Yonsei Univ Coll Med Dept Internal Med Seoul South Korea Ajou Univ Sch Med Dept Endocrinol & Metab Suwon 441749 South Korea Hanyang Univ Sch Med Dept Endocrinol & Metab Seoul 133791 South Korea Catholic Univ Korea Div Endocrinol & Metab Seoul South Korea

ObjectiveDyslipidaemia and central obesity are the major factors underlying the dramatic increase in metabolic syndrome (MS). We compared the effects of early combined therapy with pitavastatin and intensive lifestyle modification (LSM) on the amelioration of each component of MS with those of LSM only. Design/Participants/MeasurementsPROPIT (a PROspective comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PITavastatin in patients with metabolic syndrome) was a prospective, randomized, multicenter open-label 48-week trial. We enrolled 187 patients with MS (central obesity and prediabetes) and randomized them into two treatment groups: 2mg pitavastatin daily+intensive LSM or intensive LSM only. The primary outcome was the improvements in the components of MS and in the percentage of non-MS converters. ResultsAfter 1year treatment, the improvement of MS score was significantly higher in the pitavastatin+LSM group (P=0039). However, non-MS converters (MS score 2) did not differ between the groups. The secondary outcomes, namely lipid profiles, the Apo B/A1 ratio, visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio and the Framingham risk score, were significantly improved in the pitavastatin group. There was no deterioration in glucose metabolism after treatment with pitavastatin for 1year. ConclusionsEarly statin treatment can be an effective option in obese patients with MS, prediabetes and mild dyslipidaemia with further improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. We could not observe the increase rate of glucose intolerance in statin group. Future longitudinal studies are needed to test the benefits of early statin treatment compared with LSM.

关键词： AMELIORATION pitavastatin Clinical Study linux security module lifestyle modification Multiple Psychotherapy Abdominal Obesity Metabolic Syndrome X Patients

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Robot navigation using neuro-electronic hybrid systems 28

Robot navigation using neuro-electronic hybrid systems

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28th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID) / 14th International Conference on Embedded Systems

作者： George, Jude Baby Abraham, Grace Mathew Amrutur, Bharadwaj Sikdar, Sujit Kumar Indian Inst Sci Ctr Nanosicence & Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India Indian Inst Sci Mol Biophys Unit Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479966585

Neuro-electronic hybrid systems have been gaining interest of researchers as a possible architecture for computing. This aims to exploit the strengths of biological neuronal systems with their immense parallel processing and learning capabilities along with that of VLSI systems. Towards this end, we have set up a system which demonstrates the use of a live neuronal culture to solve a real world problem of controlling a robot doing the task of obstacle avoidance. We show that a neuronal culture can look at the sensor inputs to the robot and generate motor commands to allow it to explore an arena while avoiding obstacles.

关键词： collision avoidance neurocontrollers robots VLSI system biological neuronal system neuro-electronic hybrid system neuronal culture obstacle avoidance parallel processing robot navigation Decoding Electrodes Hardware Neurons Robot sensing systems Timing Cultured neural networks LSM Temporal Coding neuro-electronic hybrid systems Mobile robot navigation Collision avoidance Obstacle avoidance Manipulator sensing systems PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Neurocontrollers Robot hybrid systems linux security module DECODING Computer hardware Electrodes Neurons

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