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Implementing Constructive Intensional Negation

NEW GENERATION COMPUTING 2008年第1期27卷 25-56页

作者： Marino, Julio Jose Moreno-Navarro, Juan Munoz-Hernandez, Susana Univ Politecn Madrid Babel Grp Boadilla Del Monte 28660 Spain

Although negation is an active area of research in logic programming, sound and complete implementations are still absent from actual Prolog systems. One of the most promising techniques in the literature is intensional negation (IN), which follows a transformational approach: for each predicate p in a program its negative counterpart intneg(p) is generated. However, implementations of IN have not been included in Prolog environments due, in part, to the lack of details and explicit techniques, such as the treatment of universally quantified goals. In this paper, we describe a variant of IN, which we have called constructive intensional negation (CIN). Unlike earlier proposals, CIN does not resort to a dedicated resolution strategy when dealing with universally quantified formulae, which has been instrumental in having an effective implementation. Therefore, pure SLD resolution is used, what enables the reuse of existing Prolog implementation technology. Among the contributions of this work we can mention not only a full implementation being tested for its integration in the Ciao Prolog system but also some formal results ensuring soundness and completeness with their associated proofs.

关键词： Negation Intensional Negation Constraint logic programming Program Transformation logic programming implementation Constructive Negation

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Extending Constructive logic Negation with Types

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2009年 246卷 183-198页

作者： Munoz-Hernandez, Susana Jose Moreno-Navarro, Juan Univ Politecn Madrid Fac Informat Campus Montegancedo Boadilla Monte Madrid 28660 Spain IMDEA Software Madrid 28660 Spain

Negation has traditionally been a difficult issue in logic programming. Most of Prolog programmers have been restricted to use just a weak negation technique, like negation as failure. Many alternative semantics were proposed for achieving constructive negation in the last 20 years, but no implementation was provided so far because of its exponential complexity and the difficulty for developing it. First effective implementations of constructive negation into standard Prolog compilers are available just recently, around 2003, provided by our previous works. In this paper we present an extension of our implementations by introducing types in programs, thus improving usability as well as efficiency in some cases of our implementations of constructive negation. This can make constructive negation an interesting approach for its use in data bases querying, web search, filtered search, ontologies querying, coding rules, business rules, etc. Thanks to the use of types, our constructive negation can provide concrete values as results, instead of constraints (as in our previous works). We provide details about the semantics and the implementation in our approaches of classical, finite constructive, and intensional negation. The paper also includes some practical examples additionally allowing for providing measurements of computational behavior.

关键词： logic programming implementation Negation Types Constraint logic programming Constructive Negation Non-monotonic Reasoning

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