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Intelligent energy management control of vehicle air conditioning via look-ahead system

APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2011年第16期31卷 3147-3160页

作者： Khayyam, Hamid Nahavandi, Saeid Hu, Eric Kouzani, Abbas Chonka, Ashley Abawajy, Jemal Marano, Vincenzo Davis, Sam Deakin Univ Ctr Intelligent Syst Res Geelong Vic 3216 Australia Univ Adelaide Sch Mech Engn Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Deakin Univ Sch Engn Geelong Vic 3216 Australia Deakin Univ Sch Informat Technol Geelong Vic 3216 Australia Ohio State Univ Ctr Automot Res Columbus OH 43212 USA Victorian Ctr Adv Mat Mfg Geelong Vic 3217 Australia

Air conditioning systems (A/C) significantly increase the energy consumption of a vehicle and negatively influence its performance. A/C can be considered the main auxiliary load on a vehicle engine when it is operating. Thus, there are significant savings to be made by operating an A/C system smartly, both in terms of running costs and the effect on the environment. This paper presents an intelligent energy management system that is able to reduce the energy consumption of a vehicle with an air conditioning system and improve its efficiency by using the look-ahead system uses information from various information systems to make intelligent decisions. The new energy management system features: a prediction of road power demand by using look-ahead control of vehicle systems, an intelligent control strategy to manage the operation of the A/C, the blower, and the gates, to provide the optimum comfort temperature with the consideration of the in cabin air quality while minimizing energy consumption. Two simulations are performed by using the developed fuzzy air conditioning enhanced look-ahead System and ordinary fuzzy air conditioning and then the results are compared together with the results from Coordinated Energy Management System (CEMS). The results of fuzzy air conditioning enhanced with look-ahead system demonstrate it is capable of saving 12% and 3% more energy comparing with CEMS and ordinary fuzzy air conditioning system respectively. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy management Air conditioning look-ahead algorithm Intelligent control, fuzzy control Information system Intelligent vehicle air conditioning

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Development of a dynamics-based NURBS interpolator with real-time look-ahead algorithm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE 2007年第15期47卷 2246-2262页

作者： Lin, Ming-Tzong Tsai, Meng-Shiun Yau, Hong-Tzong Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Mech Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan

In this paper, a dynamics-based interpolator with real-time look-ahead (DBLA) algorithm is proposed to generate a smooth and jerk-limited acceleration/deceleration (ACC/DEC) feedrate profile. The interpolator consists of three modules: geometric, dynamics-based, and jerk-limited modules. The geometric module can detect the local maximum/minimum (max/min) curvatures, and divide a NURBS curve into small segments according to the information of sharp corners. The feedrates at the sharp corners are determined based on confined chord errors and curvatures of the curve. The dynamics-based module utilizes a dynamics feedrate modification equation (DFME) to estimate contour errors at the sharp corners and adjusts the feedrates at the locations of the sharp corners. The jerk-limited module plans the feedrate profile of the curve according to the segments' length and the given jerk limit. Simulations are performed to verify real-time performance of the look-ahead algorithm. Experiments using a PC-based motion controller and an X-Y table are conducted to demonstrate that high-accuracy can be achieved with the proposed dynamics-based interpolator as compared to the adaptive-feedrate and the curvature-based feedrate interpolation algorithms. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： look-ahead algorithm real-time interpolation system dynamics jerk-limited acceleration/deceleration NURBS

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Design of a FPGA-Based NURBS Interpolator 11

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4th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA 2011)

作者： Zhao, Huan Zhu, Limin Xiong, Zhenhua Ding, Han Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642254888

In this paper, a NURBS hardware interpolator based on FPGA is designed to perform the feedrate profile scheduling, de-Boor Cox calculation and second-order Talor expansion to realize real-time interpolation. look-ahead algorithm including curve-scanning, feedrate adjustment and acceleration/deceleration planning is implemented in the computer to release the computational load of the interpolator, whereas a motion control card with DSP+FPGA architecture receives the preprocessed results from the look-ahead circuit through PCI bus, and sequently performs the interpolation task in the FPGA and position servo control in the DSP. Experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of this interpolator. The results imply the FPGA can finish the interpolation within 0.5ms, meanwhile its resource utilization and the calculation speed can compromise to satisfy the practical application.

关键词： NURBS interpolation Hardware interpolator look-ahead algorithm FPGA-based interpolator Motion control card

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Design and implementation of look-ahead linear jerk filter for a computerized numerical controlled machine

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2010年第12期18卷 1399-1405页

作者： Chang, Yih-Fang Nguyen, Truong-Giang Wang, Chia-Pin Da Yeh Univ Dept Mech & Automat Engn Dacun 51591 Changhua Taiwan

In this study, an open programmable logic controller (PLC) from Fuji electric prescribed in the Structured Text program was applied to develop a look-ahead linear jerk filter (LALJF) for a computerized numerically controlled (CNC) machine. To ensure the smooth and accurate motion of a tool with a linear change in jerk during real-time machining, the proposed filter was formed by combining a look-ahead algorithm with three modified moving average filters (3MMAF). The look-ahead algorithm performed a single look-ahead step-change in the speed of the speed curve. Based on a step-changing speed profile, given maximal acceleration/deceleration and maximum jerk, the speed curve was modified before it was passed through a linear jerk filter to reduce machining time. The speed commands filtered by the proposed filter stabilize machine table at the beginning and end of its motion, and at any point at which its speed exhibits a step-change. The theoretical and computational aspects of the LALJF are presented together with experimental results of its implementation on an X-Y table. The multiple-step-changing speed curve of a CNC machine and the speed curve of a high-speed measurement system were constructed in order to verify the feasibility and precision of the proposed method. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： look-ahead algorithm Linear jerk filter CNC machine Machining time Structured text

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Development of a real-time look-ahead interpolation methodology with spline-fitting technique for high-speed machining

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2010年第5-8期47卷 621-638页

作者： Tsai, Meng-Shiun Nien, Hao-Wei Yau, Hong-Tzong Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Mech Engn Minhsiung Township 62102 Chiayi County Taiwan

Methodologies for converting short line segments into parametric curves were proposed in the past. However, most of the algorithms only consider the position continuity at the junctions of parametric curves. The discontinuity of the slope and curvature at the junctions of the parametric curve might cause feedrate fluctuation and velocity discontinuous. This paper proposes a look-ahead interpolation scheme for short line segments. The proposed interpolation method consists of two modules: spline-fitting and acceleration/deceleration (acc/dec) feedrate-planning modules. The spline-fitting module first looks ahead several short line segments and converts them into parametric curves. The continuities of the slope and curvature at each junctions of the spline curve are ensured. Then the acc/dec feedrate-planning module proposes a new algorithm to determine the feedrate at the junction of the fitting curve and unfitted short segments, and the corner feedrate within the fitting curve. The chord error and acceleration of the trajectory are bounded with the proposed algorithm. Simulations are performed to validate the tracking and contour accuracies of the proposed method. The computational efforts between the proposed algorithm and the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS)-fitting technique are compared to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Finally, experiments on a PC-based control system are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed interpolation method can achieve better accuracy and reduce machining time as compared to the approximation optimal feedrate interpolation algorithm.

关键词： Short line segments Spline fitting look-ahead algorithm High-speed machining

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look-ahead LINEAR JERK FILTER FOR A COMPUTERIZED NUMERICAL CONTROL

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INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING 2010年第3期16卷 377-392页

作者： Chang, Yih-Fang Nguyen, Truong-Giang Da Yeh Univ Dept Mech & Automat Engn Changhua Taiwan

In high-speed precision machining systems, reference trajectory generation with smooth kinetic profiles plays a key role in the computerized numerical control (CNC). In this paper, look-ahead linear jerk filter algorithm is proposed to ensure smooth and accurate motion with a linear jerk change. The look-ahead algorithm detected the step-changing points. of the speed curve. At each step-changing point, the speed curve was modified by proposed method in order to approach given maximum acceleration/deceleration and jerk for the purpose of saving machining time. The number of filter registers depended on time was also generated base on fluctuation of speed curve. The commands filtered by the look-ahead linear jerk filter stabilize the beginning, the end and the step-changing speed points of the motion of the machine table. A multiple-step-changing speed curve of a CNC machine and a speed curve of a measurement system were constructed in order to verify the feasibility and precision of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： look-ahead algorithm Linear jerk filter CNC Filter register Machining time

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Generation of Velocity Profiles with Speed Limit of Each Axis for High-Speed Machining using look-ahead Buffer

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING 2010年第2期11卷 201-208页

作者： Lee, Cheol-Soo Sogang Univ Dept Mech Engn Seoul 121742 South Korea

An efficient look-ahead algorithm to generate velocity profiles is presented in this paper. algorithm allows for a nonzero starting point velocity and end point velocity of every line segment to increase machining productivity. The paper considers the intelligence of look-ahead to achieve faster machining speed, along with required accuracy. Speed limitation of a specific axis and the direction change of an axis are newly added to the constraints of the velocity profile problem. This paper solves graphically the problem of generating velocity profiles and derives the equations for representing the velocity profile. A method to manage the look-ahead buffer is also proposed. To generate velocity profiles using the look-ahead buffer, three phases are proposed. Phase I determines the velocity conditions such as the maximum velocity, starting point velocity and end point velocity In phase 2, velocity profiles are generated independently Phase 3 handles the change of the start or end point velocity. This phase 3 is repeated until all adjacent point velocities are the same. The proposed method was utilized in the manufacturing field to engrave aluminum tire molds. It was demonstrated that this method contributes to an increase of the machining accuracy and a reduction of the production time.

关键词： Velocity profile look-ahead algorithm High-speed Machining Small line segment Speed Limit

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Variable-period feed interpolation algorithm for high-speed five-axis machining

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2009年第7-8期40卷 769-775页

作者： Li, Yuyao Feng, Jingchun Wang, Yuhan Yang, Jianguo Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

To alleviate the feed fluctuation and to maintain a smooth feed in conventional five-axis machining, an optimal feed interpolation algorithm (look-ahead) is proposed. However, the problem arises where the segment usually cannot be interpolated exactly in an integer period because of the nonzero joint feed at the junction. To overcome this problem, and to achieve faster machining speed and higher quality parts, this paper presents an optimal feed interpolation algorithm for high-speed, five-axis machining having the function of "look-ahead", i.e., variable-period linear interpolation algorithm. In real applications, the proposed algorithm results in: (1) constant speed;(2) high machining accuracy. Moreover, in this paper, an efficient method for acceleration and deceleration control is presented to achieve the highest-quality feed profiles and to shorten machining times. The precision and speed of machining is improved greatly. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Five-axis machining Optimal feed look-ahead algorithm Variable periods Linear Interpolation

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Performance of group scheduling with look-ahead algorithm for optical burst switching networks

Performance of group scheduling with look-ahead algorithm fo...

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Conference on Optical Transmission, Switching and Subsystems III

作者： Shin, JD Jang, WS Park, K Charcranoon, S Soongsil Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 156743 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819460524

An algorithm to reduce data burst processing delay in group scheduling in core nodes of optical burst switching networks has been proposed. Since, in this algorithm, look-up tables containing all the void time information in scheduling windows are generated as soon as the primary group scheduling session terminates, it becomes faster to reassign dropped data bursts to proper voids, if any, by referring to the tables. The group scheduling with this algorithm showed almost the same performance as the previous group scheduling in regard to channel utilization and wavelength conversion rate. On the other hand, per-burst processing time has been reduced dramatically in the load region of higher than 0.8 and burst loss probability has been improved more under lighter traffic condition.

关键词： group scheduling optical burst switching void time look-ahead algorithm

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Fully dynamic epoch time synchronisation method for distributed supply chain simulation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY 2008年第3-4期31卷 249-262页

作者： Lee, Seungho Zhao, Xiaobing Shendarkar, Ameya Vasudevan, Karthik Son, Young-Jun Univ Arizona Syst & Ind Engn Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

A dynamic epoch time synchronisation method for distributed simulation federates is presented. The proposed approach allows federates to advance their local times at full speed to the global safe point, which is dynamically estimated using the look-ahead function for each federate. The simulation then slows for an interaction between federates. This approach aims to reduce the number of time synchronisation occurrences and duration of the conservative phase. The distributed simulation is implemented using the web services technology. The experimental results reveal that the proposed approach reduces simulation execution time significantly while maintaining complete accuracy as compared with two existing methods.

关键词： distributed simulation time synchronisation look-ahead algorithm supply chain modelling

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