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9th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (ICICT)

作者： Pankowska, Malgorzata Univ Econ Katowice Dept Informat 1 Maja PL-40287 Katowice Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9789819745807;9789819745814

Technology plays an important role in the advancement of end-user development of software applications. It supports the way requirements are elicited, collected, analyzed, and processed into functionalities and non-functionalities in information systems. Technology enables end-users to create their own application for particular usage. This paper aims to present low code application development methodology resulting from practical experience as well as from the literature survey. The paper findings present that the low code development cycle (LCDC) is different in comparison with traditional or agile software development methods. The LCDC should emphasize the role, competencies, and experience of the end-user, who is a low code developer. This paper consists of two main parts. The first part covers literature surveys on contemporary approaches to citizen software development and low coding. The second part covers the LCDC ecosystem and process, which reveals the main active role of end-user and supportive roles of other project stakeholders, i.e., analysts, software engineers, testers, integrators, and other facilitators.

关键词： Citizen development low code Ecosystem Process Life cycle

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A Multiple Mini Case Study on the Adoption of low code Development Platforms in Work Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 118762-118786页

作者： Kaess, Sebastian Strahringer, Susanne Westner, Markus Ostbayer TH OTH Regensburg Fac Comp Sci & Math D-93053 Regensburg Germany Tech Univ Dresden Fac Business & Econ D-01062 Dresden Germany

Although the adoption of low code Development Platforms (LCDPs) promises significant improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of application development, their adoption requires further empirical research. This paper uses a combinatorial approach to research LCDP adoption and presents the results of a multiple mini case study with 36 cases on LCDP adoption. A combination of the Socio-Technical Systems theory and the Technology-Organisational-Environment model is used as a theoretical lens. In this paper, we show that LCDP adoption is a multifaceted phenomenon and identify three archetypes for LCDP adoption (i.e., Application Development Democratisers, Synergy Realisers, and IT Resource Shortage Mitigators) and one archetype for LCDP non-adoption (i.e., Intricacy Adversaries). Each archetype can be interpreted as an individual path to LCDP (non-)adoption. Based on these archetypes, we derive seven starting points for practitioners to adopt LCDPs in work systems. Furthermore, using the theoretical lenses, the paper shows that for LCDP adoption to occur, an optimisation of the social and technical sub-systems is required.

关键词： low code development platform low code adoption case study

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Practitioners' Perceptions on the Adoption of low code Development Platforms

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 29009-29034页

作者： Kaess, Sebastian Strahringer, Susanne Westner, Markus Ostbayerische TH OTH Regensburg Fac Comp Sci & Math D-93053 Regensburg Germany Tech Univ Dresden Fac Business & Econ D-01062 Dresden Germany

Organizations are under increasing pressure to develop applications within budget and time at high quality. Therefore, multiple organizations adopt a low code Development Platform (LCDP) to develop applications faster and cheaper compared to traditional application development. However, current research on LCDP adoption lacks empirical grounding as well as a deeper understanding of the importance of adoption drivers and inhibitors. We conducted semi-structured interviews and a Delphi study with 17 experts to address these gaps. As a result, we identified 12 drivers and 19 inhibitors for adopting LCDPs. We show that the experts have a consensus on the most and the least important drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption. Yet, the ranking of the drivers and inhibitors between the most and least important is context-dependent. For some drivers and inhibitors, the experts' ranking is similar to academic literature, whereas, for others, it differs. In conclusion, the study at hand empirically validates drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption, adds six new drivers and six new inhibitors to the body of knowledge, and analyzes the importance of these factors.

关键词： Inhibitors codes Organizations Interviews Software development management Liquid crystal displays low code Delphi study software development adoption driver inhibitor

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Drivers and Inhibitors of low code Development Platform Adoption 24

Drivers and Inhibitors of Low Code Development Platform Adop...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Business Informatics (CBI)

作者： Kass, Sebastian Strahringer, Susanne Westner, Markus Tech Univ Dresden Fac Business & Econ Dresden Germany OTH Regensburg Fac Comp Sci & Math Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665460163

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460163

When done right, the use of low code development promises a significant competitive advantage in the software development process for organizations. Thus, multiple vendors have created low code development platforms to ease the use of low code development. However, current research on low code development platforms mainly focuses on the technological aspects of the platforms but not on their adoption. Hence, it remains unclear what drives and inhibits the adoption of low code development platforms. We conducted a literature review and identified thirteen factors that inhibit the adoption and seven factors that drive it. We structure these factors along with the diffusion of innovation framework that helps to disentangle drivers and inhibitors. As a result, we provide an initial explanation of the adoption of low code development platforms. Nevertheless, we conclude that existing research on the adoption of low code development platforms is not specific enough to understand the phenomenon substantially. Further, for some factors (e.g., cost), there is a disagreement in the academic literature on whether they are drivers or inhibitors. Hence, we identify gaps and derive avenues for future research.

关键词： low code no code drivers inhibitors adoption

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Experimenting low code with SDL and BPMN 24

Experimenting low code with SDL and BPMN

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ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings (MODELS)

作者： Gaudin, Emmanuel PragmaDev Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706226

There is a high demand for low code development environments, whether it is to accelerate application development in a highly technical setting or for end users to personalize a device. According to market intelligence provider IDC in January 2023, the market is expected to experience a 17.8% annual growth from 2021 to 2026, with projected revenues reaching up to $21 billion. low code serves as an abstraction to traditional programming languages, resembling a modeling language. Various proprietary notations have been developed specifically for low code development, although they lack standardization, portability, and reusability, often necessitating some level of training. This study delves into the characteristics of low code notations and explores whether established standard modeling languages like SDL or BPMN could serve as viable alternatives through simple practical use cases.

关键词： SDL Z.100 BPMN low code No code

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Evaluation of low code and no code platforms as a strategy to increase productivity in software development 24

Evaluation of low code and no code platforms as a strategy t...

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23rd Brazilian Symposium on Software Quality

作者： Silva, Jucie Xavier Avelino, Guilherme Inst Fed Piaui IFPI Comp Picos Piaui Brazil Univ Fed Piaui UFPI Comp Teresina Piaui Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717772

Since the beginning of the digital era, the software industry has faced a constant and growing demand for sophisticated technological solutions. This accelerated demand has intensified the search for improvements in development productivity and efficiency. Over the years, several strategies and innovations have been proposed, with emphasis on the low code and no code development platforms. This study analyzed these platforms, with a special focus on claims of substantial improvements in productivity. To this end, a two-stage methodology was adopted. The first stage consisted of a multivocal literature review, aiming to extract as much information as possible about the benefits and challenges of these platforms. In the second stage, the findings of the literature review were analyzed in practice through an empirical case study that involved the development of a prototype to promote selective waste collection, composed of three profiles (Collector, Producer and Recycler) and developed using the OutSystems and Bubble platforms. The objective was to correlate theory and practice and provide a comprehensive analysis. As a result of the study, it was possible to observe a series of advantages and challenges associated with the use of these platforms. The advantages include code abstraction, automation of repetitive tasks, component reuse, and simplification of collaboration between members of the development team. Challenges such as platform dependency, technical expertise requirements, limited functionality, and data security concerns were also identified. As contributions, this research offers an empirical evaluation of the Outsystems low code and Bubble no code platforms, presenting their impact on software development productivity.

关键词： low code no code challenges benefits prototype. Bubble Outsystems

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What's Wrong With low-code Development Platforms? An Empirical Study of low-code Development Platform Bugs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 2024年第1期73卷 695-709页

作者： Liu, Dong Jiang, He Guo, Shikai Chen, Yuting Qiao, Lei Dalian Univ Technol Sch Software Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Key Lab Artificial Intelligence Dalian Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Dalian Maritime Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Dalian 116026 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Control Engn Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

low-code development platforms (LCDPs) are increasingly being introduced and leveraged by major IT enterprises to lower the threshold and promote the efficiency of software development. Like other software systems, LCDPs are also inevitable to have bugs. The bugs in LCDPs may cause unpredictable consequences as they pose risks to all the downstream software products. However, to the best of our knowledge, there exist no studies that ever consider the bugs caused by LCDPs. To handle the LCDP bugs better, in this article, we conduct an empirical study of the characteristics of LCDP bugs by examining 974 confirmed bugs of four dominant LCDPs (i.e., OutSystems, Mendix, Appsmith, and Budibase) from both commercial and open-source domains. These bugs are analyzed from three perspectives, including bug root causes, bug symptoms, and the affected stages of LCDPs. Based on the analysis, we obtain a series of valuable findings. For example, around 60% of the bugs reside in the stage of designing and specifying the developed applications. Over 37% of the bugs lead LCDPs to behave unexpectedly but without showing explicit signs. Moreover, the bugs relevant to the incorrect graphics of user interfaces are significant due to the characteristics of LCDPs. These findings point out the guidelines, challenges, and future directions to address LCDP bugs.

关键词： Bug characteristics empirical study low code no-code software development

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Between No-code, low-code, Custom-code, and AI. Hyperautomation Strategies at Nordic Enterprises 20th

Between No-Code, Low-Code, Custom-Code, and AI. Hyperautomat...

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20th International Workshop on Combinatorial Image Analysis (IWCIA)

作者： Kedziora, Damian Aunimo, Lili Kortesalmi, Heli LUT Univ Lahti 15210 Finland Kozminski Univ PL-03301 Warsaw Poland Haaga Helia Univ Appl Sci Helsinki 15210 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031665936;9783031665943

With the growing importance of business process automation practices, companies deploy a variety of tools and policies to reduce manual workload and achieve strategic goals. Our study explored the perception of strategic approaches to enterprise hyperautomation among 136 responders, representing 52 leading companies from Nordic Europe. Findings highlight the importance of custom code, as well as low-code and RPA solutions, occasionally accompanied by AI and no-code. The strongest impact of hyperautomation success was related to governance, security and compliance, as well as engagement of all stakeholders, and celebration of achievements among persons taking part at the transition.

关键词： Strategy low code No code Custom code Robotic Process Automation Hyperautomation

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low-code Quality Metrics for Agile Software Development 24

Low-Code Quality Metrics for Agile Software Development

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23rd Brazilian Symposium on Software Quality

作者： Domingues Filho, Renato Cavalcanti Silva, Mario J. Monteiro Marinho, Marcelo Luiz Fed Rural Univ Pernambuco UFRPE Dept Comp Sci DC Recife PE Brazil Truewind Recife PE Brazil Univ Lisbon INESC ID Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717772

We present a quality metrics monitoring and analysis platform, which has been developed to support the main goal of delivering customer value at competitive costs without sacrificing quality in the context of fast digital transformation using a low-code platform and agile development methods. The quality platform collects project data and enables the automatic computation of metrics tailored to our software process that development teams can use for self-assessment. Since introducing our platform two years ago, our teams have been using it constantly, demonstrating its effectiveness and importance for our software development process.

关键词： Metrics low code Agile development

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On the Design of Adaptive Robotic Systems using Room Sensors, Anchoring, Semantic, and low-code Technologies 21

On the Design of Adaptive Robotic Systems using Room Sensors...

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21st International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA)

作者： Coolidge, William Appleton Sorensen, Sune Lundo Kjaergaard, Mikkel Baun Univ Southern Denmark Maersk Mc Kinney Moller Inst Odense M Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366266;9798350366259

Enabling robotic solutions in our everyday lives implies an evolution in the ability of a robot to adapt to its context and how it performs a task there. Camera and sensor data streams, object recognition, semantic data representations, and low-code programming are examples of technology candidates to address the requirements of context adaptation. These technologies provide the means to increase the data available about a specific context of a robot and provide richer abstractions for programming the adaption of tasks to a context, forming a digital twin for this setting. In this paper, we present the design concepts of a robotic system for facility management tasks. We discuss these design concepts that enable the system to adapt to context changes and programmatic adaption of tasks. Based on the development process and several deployments of the robotic system, we summarize the lessons learned for software engineering of the system.

关键词： Room Sensors Object Recognition Perceptual Anchoring Observability Ontology Declarative World Model Digital Twins Semantic Graph Data Stream Processing Event Driven low code

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