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low-code development and model-driven engineering: Two sides of the same coin?

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2022年第2期21卷 437-446页

作者： Di Ruscio, Davide Kolovos, Dimitris de Lara, Juan Pierantonio, Alfonso Tisi, Massimo Wimmer, Manuel Univ Aquila Laquila Italy Univ York York N Yorkshire England Univ Autonoma Madrid Madrid Spain LS2N UMR CNRS 6004 IMT Atlantique Nantes France Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Linz Austria

The last few years have witnessed a significant growth of so-called low-code development platforms (LCDPs) both in gaining traction on the market and attracting interest from academia. LCDPs are advertised as visual development platforms, typically running on the cloud, reducing the need for manual coding and also targeting non-professional programmers. Since LCDPs share many of the goals and features of model-driven engineering approaches, it is a common point of debate whether low-code is just a new buzzword for model-driven technologies, or whether the two terms refer to genuinely distinct approaches. To contribute to this discussion, in this expert-voice paper, we compare and contrast low-code and model-driven approaches, identifying their differences and commonalities, analysing their strong and weak points, and proposing directions for cross-pollination.

关键词： low-code development No-code development Model-driven engineering

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low-code development in Worker Assistance Systems: Improving Flexibility and Adaptability 20

Low-Code Development in Worker Assistance Systems: Improving...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Bruenninghaus, Marc Roecker, Carsten Fraunhofer Inst Optron Syst Technol & Image Explo Lemgo Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728175683

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175683

Worker assistance systems (AS) are a promising way to support workers in complex production processes or unfamiliar manual activities. In order to leverage their full potential, the information these systems provide have to be adapted to the specific needs of the users and the underlying production processes. With shorter product lifecycles and increasing process variability, the time and knowledge required to regenerate the instructional content becomes a crucial success factor. In this paper, we introduce the concept of low-code development as an alternative approach to existing ways of generating content for AS. To validate our concept, we implemented an editing tool based on node graphs, which enables end users to develop AS for a wide range of industrial processes without the need of any expertise in software engineering. This way, the end users, comprised of shop-floor staff and domain experts, can utilize their extensive production know-how that is required for the implementation of AS in elaborate production systems. Empirical evidence gained by developing two AS for different industrial processes showed that the proposed graph-based approach is faster, more flexible and offers better usability than existing solutions.

关键词： Worker Assistance Systems Model-Driven Design low-code development UML Domain Specific Languages Human-Machine Interaction

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A low-code development Framework for Cloud-native Edge Systems

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期23卷 1-22页

作者： Zhang, Wenzhao Zhang, Yuxuan Fan, Hongchang Gao, Yi Dong, Wei Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci 38 Zheda Rd Hangzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ & Alibaba Zhejiang Univ Joint Inst Coll Comp Sci 38 Zheda Rd Hangzhou Peoples R China

Customizing and deploying an edge system are time-consuming and complex tasks because of hardware heterogeneity, third-party software compatibility, diverse performance requirements, and so on. In this article, we present TinyEdge, a holistic framework for the low-code development of edge systems. The key idea of TinyEdge is to use a top-down approach for designing edge systems. Developers select and configure TinyEdge modules to specify their interaction logic without dealing with the specific hardware or software. Taking the configuration as input, TinyEdge automatically generates the deployment package and estimates the performance with sufficient profiling. TinyEdge provides a unified development toolkit to specify module dependencies, functionalities, interactions, and configurations. We implement TinyEdge and evaluate its performance using real-world edge systems. Results show that: (1) TinyEdge achieves rapid customization of edge systems, reducing 44.15% of development time and 67.79% of lines of code on average compared with the state-of-the-art edge computing platforms;(2) TinyEdge builds compact modules and optimizes the latent circular dependency detection and message routing efficiency;(3) TinyEdge performance estimation has low absolute errors in various settings.

关键词： Edge computing low-code development cloud-native

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Modelling in low-code development: a multi-vocal systematic review

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2022年第5期21卷 1959-1981页

作者： Bucaioni, Alessio Cicchetti, Antonio Ciccozzi, Federico Malardalen Univ Sch Innovat Design & Engn Vasteras Sweden

In 2014, a new software development approach started to get a foothold: low-code development. Already from its early days, practitioners in software engineering have been showing a rapidly growing interest in low-code development. In 2021 only, the revenue of low-code development technologies reached 13.8 billion USD. Moreover, the business success of low-code development has been sided by a growing interest from the software engineering research community. The model-driven engineering community has shown a particular interest in low-code development due to certain similarities between the two. In this article, we report on the planning, execution, and results of a multi-vocal systematic review on low-code development, with special focus to its relation to model-driven engineering. The review is intended to provide a structured and comprehensive snapshot of low-code development in its peak of inflated expectations technology adoption phase. From an initial set of potentially relevant 720 peer-reviewed publications and 199 grey literature sources, we selected 58 primary studies, which we analysed according to a meticulous data extraction, analysis, and synthesis process. Based on our results, we tend to frame low-code development as a set of methods and/or tools in the context of a broader methodology, often being identified as model-driven engineering.

关键词： low-code development Modelling Model-driven engineering Systematic review

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Test Case Expression in a low-code development Platform 24

Test Case Expression in a Low-Code Development Platform

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Annual ACM Southeast Conference (ACMSE)

作者： Zhang, Ziliang Gray, Jeff Univ Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702372

low-code development is an emerging paradigm that allows end-users to develop software that meets their needs without in-depth knowledge of traditional programming languages (e.g., Java, C++, Python). As a new technology that has existed for less than a decade, low-code development is providing new opportunities in industry. However, aside from the functionality offered in low-code development platforms (LCDPs), little attention has been paid to the role of low-code testing support. LCDPs need more capabilities to support testing because the difficulties in creating low-code test cases include: end-user understanding, interaction between modules and workflows, the ability to find bugs or errors, and quality assurance from a higher-level view of the product. This paper considers ***, a low-code platform, as an example context to explain the difficulties of existing low-code platforms in testing and identifying errors. We describe the design of a test expression language to help end-users better understand the errors in their product such that they can make targeted changes.

关键词： low-code development test case expression test automation

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A low-code development Platform for Industrialized Insect-based Bioconversion Systems 33

A Low-Code Development Platform for Industrialized Insect-ba...

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33rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Pang, Cheng Liang, Jinxian Yu, Guangtao Zhang, Jibin Nishi, Hiroaki Wang, Kevin I-Kai Li, Zeyuan Dai, Wenbin Vyatkin, Valeriy INSPRO Sci Ltd Shenzhen Peoples R China Shenzhen Cynovan Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Natl Key Lab Agr Microbiol Wuhan Peoples R China Keio Univ Grad Sch Sci & Technol Tokyo Japan Univ Auckland Dept Elect Comp & Software Engn Auckland New Zealand Googol Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Automat Shanghai Peoples R China Aalto Univ Dept Elect Engn & Automat Espoo Finland Lulea Tekniska Univ Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn Lulea Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394085;9798350394092

Industrialized insect-based bioconversion is a technologically promising and economical viable approach for solving global crisis of food security and waste management. The successful implementation of such a multi-disciplinary system requires comprehensive expertise and skills from biotechnology, automation, information, and circular economy domains. This is rather difficult for existing practitioners. To simplify their jobs, by leveraging recent advances in industrial informatics, this work proposed and developed a low-code development platform for engineering the automation logic of industrial insect rearing and processing. For feasibility demonstration, a pilot facility has been designed, deployed, and benchmarked in this work. When compared with the conventional pro-code practice, the proposed low-code approach can significantly reduce development costs, shorten delivery times, and improve communication efficiency.

关键词： low-code development black soldier fly insect-based bioconversion digital twins circular bioeconomy

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Towards Transparent Combination of Model Management Execution Strategies for low-code development Platforms 20

Towards Transparent Combination of Model Management Executio...

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23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS)

作者： Philippe, Jolan Coullon, Helene Tisi, Massimo Sunye, Gerson IMT Atlantique LS2N Nantes France IMT Atlantique LS2N INRIA Nantes France Univ Nantes LS2N Nantes France

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381352

low-code development platforms are taking an important place in the model-driven engineering ecosystem, raising new challenges, among which transparent efficiency or scalability. Indeed, the increasing size of models leads to difficulties in interacting with them efficiently. To tackle this scalability issue, some tools are built upon specific computational strategies exploiting reactivity, or parallelism. However, their performances may vary depending on the specific nature of their usage. Choosing the most suitable computational strategy for a given usage is a difficult task which should be automated. Besides, the most efficient solutions may be obtained by the use of several strategies at the same time. Ois paper motivates the need for a transparent multi-strategy execution mode for model-management operations. We present an overview of the di'erent computational strategies used in the model-driven engineering ecosystem, and use a running example to introduce the benefits of mixing strategies for performing a single computation. Ois example helps us present our design ideas for a multi-strategy model-management system. Oe code-related and DevOps challenges that emerged from this analysis are also presented.

关键词： Multi-strategy low-code development Model-Driven Engineering OCL Spark

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RELATION OF low-code development TO STANDARD SOFTWARE development: CASE BIIT OY

RELATION OF LOW-CODE DEVELOPMENT TO STANDARD SOFTWARE DEVELO...

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作者： Virta, Tatu LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

学位级别：硕士

A demand for software and skilled software developers have been increasing during the past few years. The low-code development platforms offer an alternative way to create software by using point and click tools instead of programming. The goal of this study is to find out what low-code development is, what it may be able to offer to the stakeholders and how it is different from standard software development. By interviewing employees of a Finnish Salesforce consulting company, called Biit Oy, it was confirmed that low-code has found its place as an option to develop software. When compared to standard software development, the main advantage of low-code is the speed of development, but the badly designed system may cause performance problems to the end user. Both customers and employees of Biit prefer low-code over the hand-coded solutions.

关键词： software development software engineering low-code development Salesforce

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Paving theWay for the low-/No-code development of Digital Therapeutics: The DTxTAPP Framework

Paving theWay for the Low-/No-Code Development of Digital Th...

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Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (EDOC) Forum / IDAMS Workshop / SoEA4EE Workshop / IRESEARCH Workshop / MIDas4CS Workshop

作者： Weimann, Thure Georg Tech Univ Dresden Res Grp Digital Hlth Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031547119;9783031547126

Digital Therapeutics (DTx) are considered primarily patient-facing software applications that promise personalized behavioral treatments whenever and where needed. In recent years, the DTx market has seen strong growth due to reforms promoting the digital transformation of national healthcare systems, leading to competitive pressure among vendors and shorter times to market. To accelerate the development of DTx and deal with their complexity, so-called low/no-code platforms that build on the ideas of model-driven engineering havemoved into the focus of research and practice. However, research regarding the generic development ofDTxis still in its infancy, and prior contributions mainly focused on specific modeling and development aspects. Following a design science research approach, a synergized framework is derived based on previous conceptualizations to provide a holistic view on DTx intervention modeling. The proposed framework describes how the intervention workflow modeling can be systematically structured, may help to organize existing intervention knowledge, and provides the foundation for a technical instantiation. After demonstrating the framework, implications for future research and practice are discussed.

关键词： Digital health Intervention modeling low-code development

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An ArchiMate-Based Thematic Knowledge Graph for low-code Software development Domain 27th

An ArchiMate-Based Thematic Knowledge Graph for Low-Code Sof...

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27th European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (ADBIS)

作者： Rokis, Karlis Kirikova, Marite Riga Tech Univ Inst Appl Comp Syst 6A Kipsalas St LV-1048 Riga Latvia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031429408;9783031429415

Knowledge graphs can be considered at their entity type and entity levels. The entity type level is called also an ontology level. This paper illustrates, how ArchiMate modelling language can be applied as the ontology level of a knowledge graph for representing knowledge that concerns an enterprise. In particular, the ArchiMate-based knowledge graph is proposed for representing knowledge about low-code software development with the purpose to make this knowledge available for enterprise management. Navigating the knowledge graph enables stakeholders to exploit knowledge about different aspects of low-code development and promote the use of the low-code development approach in their enterprises. The knowledge graph is constructed and used by applying the capabilities of the Archi tool and its Visualiser.

关键词： low-code development ArchiMate Knowledge Graph

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