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Human-induced changes on fine-scale genetic structure in Ulmus laevis Pallas wetland forests at its SW distribution limit

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PLANT ECOLOGY 2013年第2期214卷 317-327页

作者： Venturas, Martin Fuentes-Utrilla, Pablo Ennos, Richard Collada, Carmen Gil, Luis Univ Politecn Madrid GENFOR Grp Invest Genet & Fisiol Forestal Dept Silvopascicultura ETSI Montes E-28040 Madrid Spain Univ Edinburgh Inst Evolutionary Biol Edinburgh EH9 9JT Midlothian Scotland

Human activities have deeply transformed the Mediterranean landscape for millennia. Wetland and riverbed vegetation are among the most affected ecosystems because of the value of these areas for agriculture, due to their rich soil and water availability. This has caused the fragmentation, population reduction, and extinction of many species. We focus our study on Ulmus laevis Pallas, an endangered tree species in the Iberian Peninsula, as an extreme example of these formations. We study the diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of two human disturbed wetland populations with chloroplast markers and nuclear microsatellites. We evaluate their recovery possibilities, and how they will be affected by future aridification and water table depletion. Our results show that although these populations have suffered bottlenecks and have low genetic diversity, they maintain the same diversity levels as the European populations. Despite the low genetic variation that could contribute to inbreeding problems in the future, we discuss that the main threat of the species is habitat destruction. Finally, we propose some management and conservation policies to ameliorate these effects.

关键词： Ulmus laevis Spatial genetic structure Endangered species Conservation Wetland forests management guidelines

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Incidental thyroid papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst - management dilemmas

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2013年第1期4卷 58-61页

作者： Tharmabala, Mehala Kanthan, Rani Univ Saskatchewan Dept Pathol & Lab Med 4681 Maple Grove Rd Beamsville ON Canada

INTRODUCTION: Benign thyroglossal duct tract remnants typically thyroglossal duct cysts, (TDCs) are one of the commonest congenital childhood midline neck masses. Clinical presentation of persistent TDCs in adults is uncommon and the occurrence of incidental primary thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) in these cysts is rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report the case of a 32-year-old female with an asymptomatic midline neck mass compatible with a TDC that was excised by Sistrunk's procedure. Histopathological examination revealed an incidental primary intraluminal TPC arising from the wall of the TDC. DISCUSSION: management dilemmas regarding the roles for total thyroidectomy, regional lymph node dissection, radioactive iodine, and suppressive thyroxine therapy are reviewed in the context of relevant evidence based literature. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of incidental TPC in a TDC is rare. Though Sistrunk's procedure is adequate treatment for TDC, based on low, moderate, and high risk stratification, recommendations for further management of incidental TPC in TDC is discussed. (C) 2012 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.

关键词： Thyroid papillary carcinoma Thyroglossal duct cyst Thyroglossal duct remnants management guidelines Risk stratification

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Nonvestibular schwannoma tumors in the cerebellopontine angle: A structured approach and management guidelines

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SKULL BASE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 2008年第4期18卷 217-227页

作者： Springborg, Jacob Bertram Poulsgaard, Lars Thomsen, Jens Univ Copenhagen Hosp Univ Clin Neurosurg DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark Gentofte Univ Hosp ENT Dept Copenhagen Denmark

The most common cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor is a vestibular schwannoma, but one in five CPA tumors are not vestibular schwannomas. These tumors may require different management strategies. Compared with vestibular schwannomas, symptoms and signs from cranial nerve VIII are less frequent: other cranial nerve and cerebellar symptoms and signs predominate in patients with these less common CPA tumors. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging often show features leading to the correct diagnosis. Treatment most often includes surgery, but a policy of observation or subtotal resection is often wiser. This review provides a structured approach to the diagnosis of nonvestibular schwannoma CPA lesions and also management guidelines.

关键词： cerebellopontine angle epidermoids meningiomas tumors management guidelines

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management of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: Unique conventional policy in Japan and our efforts to improve the level of evidence

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SURGERY TODAY 2010年第3期40卷 199-215页

作者： Sugitani, Iwao Fujimoto, Yoshihide Japanese Fdn Canc Res Canc Inst Hosp Div Head & Neck Koto Ku Tokyo 1358550 Japan

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 90% of all thyroid cancers in Japan. The majority of patients with PTC are categorized into a low-risk group according to the recent risk-group classification schemes, and they have excellent outcomes. Several management guidelines for thyroid cancers have been published in Western countries. However, the optimal therapeutic options for PTC remain controversial and high-level clinical evidence to resolve the issues is lacking. Moreover, socioeconomic differences in medical care exist;therefore, conventional policies for the treatment of PTC have been different between Japan and other countries. This report reviews the controversy in the treatment of PTC regarding the initial surgery, postoperative adjuvant therapies, and methods of surveillance. This review focuses on the unique policy in Japan preferring to treat patients with low-risk PTC by a lessthan-total thyroidectomy without adjuvant therapies rather than a total thyroidectomy with radioactive iodine, in an attempt to maintain patients' quality of life. In addition, the institutional efforts to improve the level of evidence for the management of PTC are introduced, such as a randomized controlled trial for the effect of thyrotropin suppression therapy, a prospective study for selective lymph node dissection based on preoperative ultrasonography, and a prospective nonsurgical observation trial for asymptomatic papillary microcarcinoma.

关键词： Papillary thyroid carcinoma Risk-group classification management guidelines Controversy Evidence level

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management of Tarsal Navicular Stress Fractures Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2010年第5期38卷 1048-1053页

作者： Torg, Joseph S. Moyer, James Gaughan, John P. Boden, Barry P. Temple Univ Dept Orthoped Surg Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Temple Univ Sch Med Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Temple Univ Biostat Consulting Ctr Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Orthopaed Ctr Rockville MD USA

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide a statistical analysis of previously reported tarsal navicular stress fracture studies regarding the outcomes and effectiveness of conservative and surgical management. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted utilizing MEDLINE through Ovid, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost. Reports of studies that provided the type of tarsal navicular stress fracture (ie, complete or incomplete), type of treatment, result of that treatment, and the time required to return to full activity were selected for analysis. Using a mixed generalized linear model with study as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect, cases were separated and compared based on 3 different types of treatment: conservative, weightbearing permitted (WBR);conservative, non-weightbearing (NWB);and surgical treatment. The outcome of the treatment was recorded as either successful or unsuccessful based on radiographic and/or clinical healing of the fracture and time from onset of treatment to return to activity. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between NWB conservative treatment and surgical treatment regarding outcome (P = .6441). However, there is a statistical trend favoring NWB management (96% successful outcomes) over surgery (82% successful outcomes). Weightbearing as a conservative treatment was shown to be significantly less effective than either NWB (P = .0001) or surgical treatment (P < .0003). Conclusion: Non-weightbearing conservative management should be considered the standard of care for tarsal navicular stress fractures. The authors could find no advantage for surgical treatment compared with NWB immobilization. However, there is a statistical trend favoring NWB over surgery. Rest or immobilization with weightbearing was inferior to both other treatments analyzed. The authors concluded that conservative NWB management is the standard of care for initial tr

关键词： tarsal navicular stress fractures outcomes management guidelines treatment

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Congenital and developmental abnormalities of the cervical spine encountered in athletes

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Seminars in Spine Surgery 2010年第4期22卷 218-221页

作者： Ashraf, Nomaan Hecht, Andrew C. Comprehensive Spine Care PA Westwood NJ United States Department of Spinal Surgery Mount Sinai Medical Center New York NY United States Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery Neurological Surgery and Spine Surgery Mount Sinai School of Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital New York NY United States

Patients with congenital or developmental anomalies of the cervical spine are encouraged to be active and participate in sports for their overall health. This population has unique anatomic considerations that preclude standard participation guidelines from being relevant. A conscientious evaluation of these patients coupled with an understanding of consensus recommendations for participation in sporting activities should allow for their injury-free participation in sporting activities. After appropriate evaluation a subset of patients with Os odontoideum, Klippel-Feil syndrome, and Down syndrome can safely participate in sporting activities. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Cervical spine Collision activities Congenital lesions Developmental lesions management guidelines Sporting activities

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Compliance with Atypical Antipsychotic Triage guidelines by Texas Poison Centers

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY 2010年第4期6卷 403-407页

作者： Forrester, Mathias B. Dept State Hlth Serv Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Unit 1100 W 49th St Austin TX 78756 USA

Triage guidelines for poison center management of atypical antipsychotic ingestions were published in December 2007. This investigation determined whether Texas poison centers already complied with a simplified version of these guidelines. All acute aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone ingestions reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2007 were identified. Exclusion criteria were the presence of coingestants, patient already at or en route to a healthcare facility when the poison center was contacted, and chronic ingestion. Each case was evaluated whether it was managed in compliance with the simplified triage guidelines and the compliance rate calculated. For 2,611 total cases, the compliance rate was 64.1%. The rate was 71.7% for aripiprazole, 43.6% for clozapine, 71.6% for olanzapine, 60.8% for quetiapine, 65.5% for risperidone, and 59.0% for ziprasidone. The majority of acute atypical antipsychotic ingestions reported to Texas poison centers were managed according to a simplified version of recommended triage algorithm.

关键词： Atypical antipsychotic management guidelines Poison center

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The Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Experience From an Academic Center Using Terminology Similar to That Proposed in the 2007 National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference

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CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY 2009年第3期117卷 195-202页

作者： Nayar, Ritu Ivanovic, Marina Northwestern Univ Dept Pathol Feinberg Sch Med Chicago IL 60611 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Cytopathol Feinberg Sch Med Chicago IL 60611 USA

BACKGROUND: To date, thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been used by clinicians as the screening test of choice to determine whether surgery is required and this is what the pathology report should communicate. Standard terminology for reporting thyroid FNA has not been implemented yet, and pathologists have used various reporting systems to communicate results. A significant source of confusion among both pathologists and clinicians has been the use of the indeterminate category. On the basis of an analysis of 1150 thyroid FNAs in 2000, this institution modified the reporting of thyroid biopsy results into 6 categories, including unsatisfactory. The indeterminate category was separated into 3 subroups: 1) indeterminate for neoplasia (IND), 2) follicular neoplasm (FN), and 3) suspicious for malignancy (SUSP). Repeat FNA in 6 months to 12 months was recommended for IND and surgery for FN and SUSP categories. METHODS: To determine the validity of this approach, the outcomes of this reporting system from July of 2000 to December of 2006 were analyzed. The IND category was used for 2 subsets of cases: (a) those that morphologically fall into the gray zone between adenomatoid nodule (AN) and FN, for Hurthle cell nodule (hyperplasia vs neoplasm), and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with concern for neoplasia;and (b) for suboptimal specimens due to low epithelial cellularity or collection artifacts. RESULTS: Among 5194 thyroid nodules, the IND category comprised 18%. FNA follow-up was done in 21% of IND cases: 58% were benign/negative and did not require surgery based on cytology alone. Surgical follow-up in 46% of IND showed 52% were benign/negative, and 42% were follicular/Hurthle cell adenomas. The surgical yield of malignancy in IND was low (6%) when compared with the FN category, which was 14% (more than 2x that of the IND category), and the SUSP category, which was 53% (almost 9x that of the IND category). CONCLUSIONS: A 6-tier reporting system for thyroid FNA

关键词： thyroid cancer reporting system management guidelines fine-needle aspiration biopsy

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Role of Genetic Refuges in the Restoration of Native Gene Pools of Brown Trout

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CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2009年第4期23卷 871-878页

作者： Araguas, Rosa M. Sanz, Nuria Fernandez, Raquel Utter, Fred M. Pla, Carles Garcia-Marin, Jose-Luis Univ Girona Lab Ictiol Genet E-17071 Girona Spain Univ Washington Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA

Captive-bred animals derived from native, alien, or hybrid stocks are often released in large numbers in natural settings with the intention of augmenting harvests. In brown trout (Salmo trutta), stocking with hatchery-reared non-native fish has been the main management strategy used to maintain or improve depleted wild brown trout populations in Iberian and other Mediterranean regions. This measure has become a serious threat to the conservation of native genetic diversity, mainly due to introgressive hybridization. Aware of this risk, the agency responsible for management of brown trout in the eastern Pyrenees (Spain) created "brown trout genetic refuges" to preserve the integrity of brown trout gene pools in this region. Within refuge areas, the prerefuge status with respect to fishing activities has been maintained, but hatchery releases have been banned completely. We evaluated this management strategy through a comparison of the stocking impact on native populations that accounted for stocking histories before and after refuge designations and fishing activities. In particular we examined the relevant scientific, cultural, and political challenges encountered. Despite agency willingness to change fishery policies to balance exploitation and conservation, acceptance of these new policies by anglers and genetic monitoring of refuge populations should also be considered. To improve management supported by genetic refuges, we suggest focusing on areas where the public is more receptive, considering the situation of local native diversity, and monitoring of adjacent introgressed populations. We recommend the use of directional supportive breeding only when a population really needs to be enhanced. In any case, management strategies should be developed to allow for protection within the context of human use.

关键词： fish stocking genetic refuges hatchery introgression management guidelines native gene pools

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Health Care Supervision for Twin Pairs

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2009年第2期151C卷 162-166页

作者： Samanich, Joy Sarah Lawrence Coll New York NY USA

Twins are at increased risk for congenital anomalies and have particular health care needs, but twin management guidelines do not exist. This review attempts to integrate the latest research findings and evidence-base... 详细信息

关键词： twins management guidelines congenital heart disease

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