Catalogue of Optical & mathematical instruments for Sale / by William Y. McAllister. by William Y. McAllister (Firm); published by William Y. McAllister (Firm)
Catalogue of Optical & mathematical instruments for Sale / by William Y. McAllister. by William Y. McAllister (Firm); published by William Y. McAllister (Firm)
Priced and Illustrated Catalogue of mathematical instruments...Swiss Drawing instruments, Transits, Levels.. by McAllister, William Y; published by Philadelphia Pa
Priced and Illustrated Catalogue of mathematical instruments...Swiss Drawing instruments, Transits, Levels.. by McAllister, William Y; published by Philadelphia Pa
Geometrical and Graphical Essays, Containing, a General Description of the mathematical instruments Used in Geometry, Civil and Military Surveying, Levelling and Perspective; with Many New Practical Problems by Adams,...
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Geometrical and Graphical Essays, Containing, a General Description of the mathematical instruments Used in Geometry, Civil and Military Surveying, Levelling and Perspective; with Many New Practical Problems by Adams, George, 1750-1795; Jones, William, 1763-1831; published by London Printed by W. Glendinning For, and Sold by W. and S. Jones
Priced and Illustrated Catalogue of mathematical instruments and Materials for Drawing, Surveying and Civil Engineering Made, Imported and Sold by James W. Queen & Co. by James W. Queen & Co.; published by Jam...
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Priced and Illustrated Catalogue of mathematical instruments and Materials for Drawing, Surveying and Civil Engineering Made, Imported and Sold by James W. Queen & Co. by James W. Queen & Co.; published by James W. Queen & Co.
A Descriptive Treatise on mathematical Drawing instruments : Their Construction, Uses, Qualities, Selection, Preservation, and Suggestions for Improvements, with Hints Upon Drawing and Colouring by Stanley, William Fo...
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A Descriptive Treatise on mathematical Drawing instruments : Their Construction, Uses, Qualities, Selection, Preservation, and Suggestions for Improvements, with Hints Upon Drawing and Colouring by Stanley, William Ford Robinson, 1829-1909; published by London, Spon
作者：
Sydenham, P.H.Professor and Head
School of Electronic Engineering South Australian Institute of Technology Ingle Farm South Australia
Mechanical mathematical mechanisms are those in which the mechanical input signal bears a known and adequately held common mathematical relationship with the output signal. They are a special class of mechanism in whi...
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Mechanical mathematical mechanisms are those in which the mechanical input signal bears a known and adequately held common mathematical relationship with the output signal. They are a special class of mechanism in which normal precision design complements additional requirements for mathematical operation. They largely find competitive application with electronic alternatives in situations where the number of function relationships required is relatively small and where electrical power is not readily available for electronic data processing circuitry. In this case the mechanical input to the instrument provides the energy to actuate the mechanism. In some applications the mechanical method can provide greater reliability. Mechanical mechanisms generally fail to give proper operation through gradual deterioration of the accuracy which steadily falls with wear. Electronic equivalents, unless built with redundancy arrangement, will generally fail absolutely and often catastrophically. Part B of the paper describes the basic (mechanical) function elements to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, differential addition/subtraction, multiplication-by-a-constant, squares, square-roots, and square-roots of products, function generation, and integration.
This paper examines the role of mathematical instrument makers in establishing a public culture of precision measurement in early-modern England. I argue that this culture was promoted through trials and demonstration...
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This paper examines the role of mathematical instrument makers in establishing a public culture of precision measurement in early-modern England. I argue that this culture was promoted through trials and demonstrations, in the context of which artisans held a privileged position. The trials described here cover land surveying, the measurement of magnetic variation, and standards of measurement for customs and excise. These trials were decisive moments in the 'cultural biographies' of precision instruments. I ask how it was that instrument makers were able to assume positions of authority, and what this means for our understanding of the socio-material system of precision measurement in the early-modern period, and the contemporary rise of 'experimental' and 'philosophical' trials. Because practical mathematics was a self-consciously economic activity - motivated by trade, commerce, exploration and colonization - direct connections to natural philosophy are significant, a point explored in my conclusion.
This paper explores the various meanings of precision during the early modern period in Europe. In contrast with existing literature focused on assessing the precision of early instruments, this study delves into the ...
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This paper explores the various meanings of precision during the early modern period in Europe. In contrast with existing literature focused on assessing the precision of early instruments, this study delves into the intended significance of the term 'precision' as understood by historical figures such as J. Stoffler, P. Nunes or F. Mordente. By analysing a selection of instruments equipped with scales, both in their physical form and as they are described in instrument texts, several facets of precision emerge. Some findings demonstrate that the precision of scales can be enhanced through corrections obtained from tables. In other cases, visual estimation is substituted with a method for obtaining values of multiple sexagesimal places. Furthermore, certain instruments designed to represent theoretical concepts achieve greater precision by incorporating the most intricate details of these notions. This investigation into lesser-known meanings of precision underscores the need of comprehensively exploring the concepts, the practices and the terminology surrounding precision that were in use over the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
A mental model for a calculator or computer refers to the user's conception of the “invisible” information processing states and transformations that occur between input and output. This paper explores the follo...
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A mental model for a calculator or computer refers to the user's conception of the “invisible” information processing states and transformations that occur between input and output. This paper explores the following ideas concerning users' mental models for electronic calculators: (1) users differ greatly in their mental models in spite of similar “hands-on” experience; (2) users often tend to develop either impoverished or incorrect models; (3) users can be encouraged to develop more useful mental models through instructional intervention.
A mechanical analog calculator (Geomac) has been developed that can be used for rotation programs in such fields as structural petrology, mineralogy, and paleomagnetism. The device consists of a group of concentric ci...
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A mechanical analog calculator (Geomac) has been developed that can be used for rotation programs in such fields as structural petrology, mineralogy, and paleomagnetism. The device consists of a group of concentric circles and arcs on which the problem is reconstructed, and the solution is found. In terms of precision, speed, and ease of operation, the calculator is thought to be superior o t stereographic solutions and preferable to digital computer programs for problems involving a small number of data.
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