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Perspectives of Northern Ugandan Health Providers About the Effect of Cultural Beliefs and Practices on Birth Outcomes

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2015年第11期36卷 1208-1223页

作者： Baird, Martha B. Smith, Cara M. Debacco, Kaitlyn M. Univ Kansas Med Ctr Sch Nursing Kansas City KS 66160 USA Univ Kansas Med Ctr Hosp Dept Nursing Kansas City KS 66160 USA Childrens Mercy Hosp Dept Pediat Intens Care Kansas City KS USA

This research is important for those interested in the health of women and children in Africa, specifically the country of Uganda. Maternal and infant mortality rates in Uganda, especially northern Uganda, are very high. Many health providers from resource-rich countries are interested in partnering with health providers in low-resource countries such as Uganda to improve maternal and infant mortality, yet they know very little about the traditional and indigenous beliefs and practices and how these factors contribute to the success of intervention programs. It is essential that cultural considerations be included in interventions. In this article, researchers from the United States offer the perspectives of providers in Uganda regarding an intervention program in which the Americans participated.

关键词： CONCEPTUAL structures (Information theory) FAMILY violence FOCUS groups ATTITUDES toward health INFANT mortality INTERVIEWING LONGITUDINAL method RESEARCH methodology medical care -- Evaluation MATERNAL mortality NURSING models PARTICIPANT observation PREGNANCY SAMPLING (Statistics) QUALITATIVE research COMMUNITY support THEMATIC analysis DATA analysis software medical coding

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A National Study of Live Hospice Discharges Between 2000 and 2012

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JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT 2015年第2期49卷 431-432页

作者： Horn, Elizabeth Teno, Joan Plotzke, Michael Gozalo, Pedro Christian, T. J. Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA Abt Associates Inc Des Peres MO USA Abt Associates Inc Cambridge MA USA

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Virtual Environments for People Who Are Visually Impaired Integrated into an Orientation and Mobility Program

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2015年第1期109卷 5-17页

作者： Lahav, Orly Schloerb, David W. Srinivasan, Mandayam A. Tel Aviv Univ Sch Educ IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel MIT Elect Res Lab Lab Human & Machine Hapt Touch Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Introduction: The BlindAid, a virtual system developed for orientation and mobility (O&M) training of people who are blind or have low vision, allows interaction with different virtual components (structures and objects) via auditory and haptic feedback. This research examined if and how the BlindAid that was integrated within an O&M training program could be of help when teaching those who are blind or visually impaired to develop O&M skills. Methods: Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this research focused on 16 participants during their O&M course, and studied virtual environment exploration and orientation tasks in virtual environments. Results: The encouraging results of the current study indicate the potential strengths of the BlindAid system as an O&M training device for visually impaired people. Discussion: Follow-up research evaluating transference of knowledge from virtual environments to real spaces could contribute to O&M training for people who are visually impaired. Implications for practitioners: BlindAid could play a central role in three potential applications: a training simulator for O&M, a diagnostic tool for O&M specialists to track and observe participants' spatial behavior, and a technique for advanced exploration of unknown spaces.

关键词： EXPERIMENTAL design RESEARCH -- Finance SPACE perception VIRTUAL reality VISION disorders DATA analysis -- Software medical coding

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Inoculating Against Reactance to Persuasive Health Messages

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HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015年第5期30卷 451-460页

作者： Richards, Adam S. Banas, John A. Texas Christian Univ Dept Commun Studies Ft Worth TX 76129 USA Univ Oklahoma Dept Commun Norman OK 73019 USA

This investigation examined the possibility of decreasing psychological reactance to health campaigns through the use of inoculation messages. It was hypothesized that an inoculation message, which forewarned of the potential of subsequent reactance, would decrease participants' likelihood of reacting negatively to a freedom-threatening message aimed to reduce excessive alcohol consumption. Participants (N = 275) who were inoculated against potential reactance felt less threatened and experienced less reactance compared to those who did not read an inoculation message. Structural equation modeling showed that inoculation indirectly predicted lower intention to drink alcohol via the theorized mediated reactance process. This research suggests that it is possible to inoculate against self-generated cognitions that might otherwise lead toward negative health behaviors.

关键词： INOCULATION theory (Communication) HEALTH promotion PSYCHOLOGICAL reactance THREAT (Psychology) COMMUNICATION DRINKING of alcoholic beverages FACTOR analysis HEALTH behavior STRUCTURAL models STRUCTURAL equation modeling UNDERGRADUATES medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Modernization and Development: Impact on Health Care Decision-Making in Uganda

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2015年第6期36卷 637-654页

作者： Singh, Debra Anne Kaur Earnest, Jaya Lample, May Kimanya Ngeyo Fdn Sci & Educ Jinja Uganda Curtin Univ Sch Nursing & Midwifery Int Hlth Program Bentley WA Australia

Uganda has faced numerous challenges over the past 50 years from overcoming political conflict and civil unrest, to rapid population growth, to combating the HIV epidemic and ever-growing health needs. Women in Uganda have had a major role to play in the health of families and communities. The researchers' purpose in this study, undertaken in rural Uganda, was to a) identify a people-centered definition of development, b) compare it to the process of modernization, and c) investigate how these processes have changed the role women play in decision-making, in areas directly and indirectly related to their health and that of their families. Twenty-two men and women participated in focus group discussion and completed questionnaires. Based on our analysis of discussions it appears that both modernization and development have impacted health positively and negatively. Key themes distilled from interviews included that modernization has led to the breakdown of families;increased maternal responsibility for children;diminished land and economic resources;and an erosion of cultural values and practices that had previously provided stability for the society. In terms of development, women play an increasing role in decision-making processes in the household and are gaining increasing respect for their expertise in a number of areas, notably health care. We propose a movement of grassroots discourse on modernization. Development, and its effect on health, is necessary if the positive aspects of Ugandan culture and those of similar emerging societies are not to be lost (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966).

关键词： AGRICULTURE CULTURE DECISION making FOCUS groups INTERVIEWING QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH SAMPLING (Statistics) WOMEN -- Health QUALITATIVE research THEMATIC analysis CROSS-sectional method FAMILY planning medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Culture and Maternity Care in Kazakhstan: What New Mothers Expected

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2015年第1期36卷 41-56页

作者： Craig, Brett J. Kabylbekova, Zhanar Nazarbayev Univ Sch Sci & Technol Dept Commun Astana 010000 Kazakhstan

Maternity care in the developing nation of Kazakhstan has been characterized as low in quality, with mothers having low levels of health knowledge. Some nongovernmental organizations have been offering childbirth preparation courses to address the lack of knowledge and encourage participation and decision making among expecting mothers. The participants of this study, however, report that information is more for preparation than for decision making, and that the relational aspects of their care, namely, emotional support and trust, are most important. This emphasis reflects the cultural and historical influences that need to be considered when adopting foreign models of care and health education.

关键词： CHILDBIRTH CULTURE FOCUS groups HEALTH education MATERNAL health services PREGNANT women QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH -- Finance SAMPLING (Statistics) VIDEO recording QUALITATIVE research medical coding

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Preliminary Findings Supporting a New Model of How Couples Maintain Excitement in Romantic Relationships

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY 2015年第3期43卷 227-237页

作者： Malouff, John M. Mundy, Susan A. Galea, Tamika R. Bothma, Vicole N. Univ New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Univ Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia

In Study 1, 103 adults involved in an exciting romantic relationship described how they keeptheir relationship exciting. The responses provided the foundation for a new model of how couples keep their relationship exciting. The model includes exciting activities that are passionate, adventurous, playful, sexual, spontaneous, and romantic, along with three relationship-maintaining activities: communicating effectively, joint activities, and autonomy. In Study 2, 104 adults rated their relationship on the three relationship-maintenance variables, on exciting activities, on excitement, and on relationship satisfaction. The relationship-maintenance and exciting activities showed significant associations with both excitement and satisfaction, providing preliminary support for the model.

关键词： AUTONOMY (Psychology) COMMUNICATION CORRELATION (Statistics) EMOTIONS (Psychology) INTERPERSONAL relations MATHEMATICAL models SATISFACTION HUMAN sexuality SOCIAL networks SPOUSES PSYCHOLOGY THEORY ACTIVITIES of daily living SIGNIFICANT others medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Examining the Media Portrayal of Obesity Through the Lens of the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations

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HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015年第5期30卷 430-440页

作者： De Brun, Aoife McCarthy, Mary McKenzie, Kenneth McGloin, Aileen Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork HRB Ctr Hlth & Diet Res Cork Ireland Univ Coll Dublin Dublin Ireland Univ Coll Dublin HRB Ctr Hlth & Diet Res Dublin Ireland Safefood Dublin Ireland

This study examined the Irish media discourse on obesity by employing the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations. A media sample of 368 transcripts was compiled from newspaper articles (n = 346), radio discussions (n = 5), and online news articles (n = 17) on overweight and obesity from the years 2005, 2007, and 2009. Using the Common Sense Model and framing theory to guide the investigation, a thematic analysis was conducted on the media sample. Analysis revealed that the behavioral dimensions of diet and activity levels were the most commonly cited causes of and interventions in obesity. The advertising industry was blamed for obesity, and there were calls for increased government action to tackle the issue. Physical illness and psychological consequences of obesity were prevalent in the sample, and analysis revealed that the economy, regardless of its state, was blamed for obesity. These results are discussed in terms of expectations of audience understandings of the issue and the implications of these dominant portrayals and framings on public support for interventions. The article also outlines the value of a qualitative analytical framework that combines the Common Sense Model and framing theory in the investigation of illness narratives.

关键词： SOCIOCULTURAL factors OBESITY -- Social aspects HEALTH behavior ATTITUDE (Psychology) DISEASES MASS media MATHEMATICAL models OBESITY FINANCING of research THEORY THEMATIC analysis INTER-observer reliability DATA analysis software medical coding GENETIC aspects

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Women's Experiences With Mammography Screening Through 6 Years of Participation-A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2015年第5期36卷 558-577页

作者： Solbjor, Marit Skolbekken, John-Arne Osterlie, Wenche Forsmo, Siri Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Social Work & Hlth Sci N-7491 Trondheim Norway Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice N-7491 Trondheim Norway

In this article we explore women's experiences with 6years of mammography screening. Regular and repeated mammography screening is promoted as an important tool for disease prevention among women worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to explore how continued participation in screening influences how women perceive screening and breast cancer. We carried out focus groups with 24 screening participants in 2003 and 2009. Our analysis highlights that while women were excited about the examination in 2003, it was perceived as routine in 2009. Waiting for the results became easier over the years, while stress related to receiving the results letter did not diminish. Knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer did not change. Personal risk assessment remained low, though high incidence of cancer among acquaintances suggested high risk for breast cancer among women in general. Analysis of participant experiences suggests that continuous participation in screening has led surveillance medicine to become a part of ordinary life.

关键词： BREAST tumors PREVENTION MAMMOGRAMS EXPERIENCE FOCUS groups INTERVIEWING LONGITUDINAL method RESEARCH -- Methodology RESEARCH -- Finance QUALITATIVE research DATA analysis -- Software medical coding EARLY detection of cancer RISK factors

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Representation of Autism in Leading Newspapers in China: A Content Analysis

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HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015年第9期30卷 884-893页

作者： Bie, Bijie Tang, Lu Univ Alabama Coll Commun & Informat Sci Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Coll Commun & Informat Sci Dept Commun Studies Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

The public's lack of understanding and the public's misconceptions about autism in China contribute to the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of the disorder and the stigma associated with it. Mass media are the primary channel through which people learn about autism. This article examines how leading newspapers in China covered autism in the 10-year period of 2003 through 2012 through a framing analysis. It finds that while autism has received increased media attention, it is increasingly framed as a family problem-family members are cited or quoted more than any other sources and the responsibility of dealing with autism is ultimately assigned to families. Autistic people are largely silenced unless they are autistic savants with special talents. The use of the scientific discourse and the human-interest discourse both decrease over time in percentage, while the use of other discourses such as the public relations discourse becomes more dominant.

关键词： NEWSPAPERS AUTISM CONTENT analysis (Communication) DISCOURSE analysis MASS media PUBLIC opinion STIGMA (Social psychology) INTER-observer reliability TREND analysis medical coding ATTITUDES toward mental illness

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