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Can a Click be a Word?: Infants' Learning of Non-Native Words

INFANCY 2014年第3期19卷 281-300页

作者： May, Lillian Werker, Janet F. Univ British Columbia Dept Psychol Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Forms that are nonlinguistic markers in one language (i.e., "tsk-tsk" in English) may be part of the phoneme inventory-and hence part of words-in another language. In the current paper, we demonstrate that infants' ability to learn words containing unfamiliar language sounds is influenced by the age and vocabulary size of the infant learner, as well as by cues to the speaker's referential intent. When referential cues were available, infants at 14months learned words with non-native speech sounds, but at 20months only those infants with smaller vocabularies succeeded. When no referential cues were present, infants at both 14 and 20months failed to learn the same words. The implications of the relation between linguistic sophistication and non-native word learning are discussed.

关键词： AGE distribution (Demography) ANALYSIS of variance LANGUAGE acquisition MULTILINGUALISM PARENTS RESEARCH -- Finance SOUND VIDEO recording VOCABULARY PRE-tests & post-tests PROMPTS (Psychology) REPEATED measures design medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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GCC Women: Causes and Processes of Midlife Weight Gain

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2014年第11-12期35卷 1269-1288页

作者： Al-Zadjali, Manal Keller, Colleen Larkey, Linda Evans, Bronwynne Arizona State Univ Coll Nursing & Hlth Innovat Phoenix AZ 85004 USA

Perimenopausal obesity is a particular problem in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study examined the culturally specific views of perimenopausal GCC women, and the causes and processes of midlife weight gain using a qualitative descriptive design with semistructured interviewing and content analysis. Constructs derived from the health belief model and Kleiman's explanatory model were used to identify and sort themes into conceptual categories. The findings of this study suggest that weight-management program plans targeting perimenopausal GCC women should take into consideration the multiple levels of factors and cultural influences on their behavior.

关键词： WEIGHT gain BODY size CONTENT analysis (Communication) CULTURE EMOTIONS (Psychology) HEALTH behavior INTERVIEWING RESEARCH methodology OBESITY QUESTIONNAIRES PERIMENOPAUSE QUALITATIVE research SOCIOECONOMIC factors BODY mass index DISEASE prevalence SEDENTARY lifestyles DATA analysis software HEALTH Belief Model medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics MIDDLE age PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects

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Portrayals of Reproductive and Sexual Health on Prime-Time Television

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HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014年第7期29卷 698-706页

作者： Pariera, Katrina L. Hether, Heather J. Murphy, Sheila T. Buffington, Sandra de Castro Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes Univ So Calif Annenberg Sch Commun & Journalism Dept Commun Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Pacific Dept Commun Stockton CA 95211 USA Univ So Calif Annenberg Sch Commun & Journalism Norman Lear Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Keck Sch Med Dept Prevent Med & Sociol Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Prime-time broadcast television provides health information and establishes norms for millions of people in the United States (Beck, 2004;Brodie et al., 2001;Murphy & Cody, 2003;Rideout, 2008). To understand what people may be learning about reproductive and sexual health, a content analysis was conducted of story lines from the 10 most popular prime-time television programs in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Variables that were measured included the frequency of reproductive and sexual health issues, the level of health information, the type of information portrayed, the gain and loss frames, the presence of stigma, the tone, and the type of role model portrayed. Eighty-seven of the 589 health story lines dealt with reproductive and sexual health, and the most common issues were pre- and postterm pregnancy complications. The majority of these story lines had a moderate or weak level of information and included specifics about treatment and symptoms but not prevention. Just over half of the issues were framed in terms of losses, meaning nonadoption of a behavior change will result in negative outcomes. Twenty-four percent of reproductive and sexual health story lines involved stigma-usually stigma related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most story lines were portrayed as serious and the majority of issues happened to positive role models. The implications of these portrayals for the viewing public are discussed.

关键词： CHI-squared test CONTENT analysis (Communication) HEALTH HEALTH behavior SEXUAL health HUMAN sexuality STATISTICS STIGMA (Social psychology) TELEVISION INFORMATION resources REPRODUCTIVE health medical coding

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Does remembering past ingroup harmdoing promote postwar cross-group contact? Insights from a field-experiment in Liberia

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014年第1期44卷 43-52页

作者： Mazziotta, Agostino Feuchte, Friederike Gausel, Nicolay Nadler, Arie Univ Hagen D-58084 Hagen Germany Univ Rostock Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy D-18055 Rostock Germany Univ Coll Ostfold Fac Hlth & Social Sci Ctr Emot Res Halden Norway Tel Aviv Univ IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

In the aftermath of the Liberian civil wars, we investigated whether it is possible to systematically influence how people construe their group's role during the conflict and how this affects intergroup emotions and behavioral intentions. In a field experiment, 146 participants were randomly assigned to think about incidents of violence during the war that were either committed by fellow ingroup members (perpetrator-focus) or against fellow ingroup members (victim-focus). Adopting a perpetrator-focus led to greater willingness to engage in cross-group contact, greater need for acceptance, and greater intergroup empathy. The focus manipulation did not affect participants' need for empowerment. Key message: Appraising the ingroup as victim or perpetrator after conflicts with reciprocal harmdoing is largely a matter of psychological construction. A promising avenue for promoting positive cross-group contact consists in widening the ingroup's victim role by also remembering the harm that the ingroup inflicted upon others. This amplifies the need of acceptance, which leads to greater intergroup empathy and greater willingness to engage in cross-group contact. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： ANALYSIS of variance CHI-squared test CONCEPTS CONFIDENCE intervals INTERPERSONAL relations QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH -- Finance SCALE analysis (Psychology) STATISTICS VIOLENCE DATA analysis -- Software medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Constructing the Uncertainty of Due Dates

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HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014年第9期29卷 866-876页

作者： Vos, Sarah C. Anthony, Kathryn E. O'Hair, H. Dan Univ Kentucky Dept Commun Lexington KY 40506 USA Columbia Coll Commun Studies Program Vancouver BC Canada Univ Kentucky Coll Commun & Informat Lexington KY 40506 USA

By its nature, the date that a baby is predicted to be born, or the due date, is uncertain. How women construct the uncertainty of their due dates may have implications for when and how women give birth. In the United States as many as 15% of births occur before 39 weeks because of elective inductions or cesarean sections, putting these babies at risk for increased medical problems after birth and later in life. This qualitative study employs a grounded theory approach to understand the decisions women make on how and when to give birth. Thirty-three women who were pregnant or had given birth within the past 2 years participated in key informant or small-group interviews. The results suggest that women interpret the uncertainty of their due dates as a reason to wait for birth and as a reason to start the process early;however, information about a baby's brain development in the final weeks of pregnancy may persuade women to remain pregnant longer. The uncertainties of due dates are analyzed using Babrow's problematic integration, which distinguishes between epistemological and ontological uncertainty. The results point to a third type of uncertainty, axiological uncertainty. Axiological uncertainty is rooted in the values and ethics of outcomes.

关键词： ATTITUDE (Psychology) BLACKS CHILDBIRTH DECISION making DEMOGRAPHY DISEASES GESTATIONAL age GROUNDED theory HISPANIC Americans PREMATURE infants INTERVIEWING PATIENTS FINANCING of research WHITES FETAL development medical coding

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"Our Hands Are Tied Up": Current State of Safer Conception Services Suggests the Need for an Integrated Care Model

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2014年第7-9期35卷 990-1009页

作者： Goggin, Kathy Mindry, Deborah Beyeza-Kashesya, Jolly Finocchario-Kessler, Sarah Wanyenze, Rhoda Nabiryo, Christine Wagner, Glenn Univ Missouri Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin Kansas City MO 64108 USA Univ Missouri Sch Med Kansas City MO 64108 USA Univ Missouri Sch Pharm Kansas City MO 64108 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Ctr Culture & Hlth Los Angeles CA USA Makerere Univ Coll Hlth Sci Dept Obstet & Gynaecol Mulago Hosp Kampala Uganda Univ Kansas Med Ctr Dept Family Med Kansas City KS 66103 USA Makerere Univ Sch Publ Hlth Dept Dis Control & Environm Hlth Kampala Uganda AIDS Support Org Kampala Uganda RAND Corp Santa Monica CA USA

We conducted in-depth interviews with a variety of health care providers (n = 33) in Uganda to identify current services that could support and act as barriers to the provision of safer conception counseling (SCC). Consistent with their training and expertise, providers of all types reported provision of services for people living with a diagnosis of HIV or AIDS who desire a child. Important barriers, including a lack of service integration, poor communication between stakeholders, and the absence of policy guidelines, were identified. Drawing on these data, we propose a model of integrated care that includes both SCC services and prevention of unplanned pregnancies.

关键词： VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) PREVENTION HEALTH services accessibility HIV infections HIV-positive persons INTERVIEWING LONGITUDINAL method MATHEMATICAL models RESEARCH -- Methodology RESEARCH -- Finance THEORY THEMATIC analysis FAMILY planning medical coding

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"They Ask Whether This Is Real or Fake": A Qualitative Norwegian Study of Pregnancy Complaints and Access to Social Benefits

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2014年第3期35卷 266-284页

作者： Fredriksen, Eva Haukeland Harris, Janet Moland, Karen Marie Sundby, Johanne Univ Oslo Fac Med Oslo Norway Bergen Univ Coll Fac Hlth & Social Sci N-5020 Bergen Norway Univ Sheffield Sch Hlth & Related Res Sheffield S Yorkshire England

Women increasingly combine paid work and childbearing, but working full time throughout pregnancy is commonly experienced as overtaxing. We explored access to sick leave or medical care as experienced by Norwegian women suffering from pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. Through a grounded theory approach we compared results from qualitative interviews and open Internet discussions, and found that women struggled with credibility and that their claims for sick leave or medical care were commonly disregarded. Support from peers was seen as instrumental in regaining control over their health and was a vehicle in developing critical health literacy.

关键词： ADJUSTMENT (Psychology) GROUNDED theory INTERNET INTERVIEWING RESEARCH -- Methodology PARENTAL leave PELVIC pain PREGNANCY complications RESEARCH -- Finance SAMPLING (Statistics) SUPPORT groups SICK leave QUALITATIVE research JUDGMENT sampling DATA analysis -- Software medical coding

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A Facilitator of Leisure Activities for Stress-Related Growth Experience Among Middle-Aged Korean Women With Depression

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2014年第11-12期35卷 1247-1268页

作者： Kim, Junhyoung Kim, Jung-Hyun Cent Michigan Univ Dept Recreat Pk & Leisure Serv Adm Mt Pleasant MI 48859 USA Korea Univ Sch Global Sport Studies Sejong City 339770 South Korea

Leisure may serve as a coping resource following negative life events that facilitate positive changes. Previous studies on leisure have mainly focused on stress-related growth among individuals living in Western cultures. This study aimed to capture the role of leisure involvement as a facilitator of stress-related growth among middle-aged Korean women with depression. Three main themes were identified as an outcome of participation in leisure activities: (a) strengthening meaningful relationships, (b) improving positive emotions, and (c) facilitating personal strength. By participating in leisure activities, individuals with depression may develop the ability to cope with stress and experience positive changes.

关键词： ADJUSTMENT (Psychology) CULTURE MENTAL depression EMOTIONS (Psychology) GROUNDED theory INTERVIEWING LEISURE RESEARCH methodology MENTAL health STRESS (Psychology) TRANSLATIONS SAMPLE size (Statistics) JUDGMENT sampling DATA analysis QUANTITATIVE research THEMATIC analysis medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics PSYCHOLOGICAL factors

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Do iconic gestures pave the way for children's early verbs?

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APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 2014年第6期35卷 1143-1162页

作者： Oezcaliskan, Seyda Gentner, Dedre Goldin-Meadow, Susan Georgia State Univ Atlanta GA 30302 USA Northwestern Univ Evanston IL 60208 USA Univ Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

Children produce a deictic gesture for a particular object (point at dog) approximately 3 months before they produce the verbal label for that object ("dog";Iverson & Goldin-Meadow, 2005). Gesture thus paves the way for children's early nouns. We ask here whether the same pattern of gesture preceding and predicting speech holds for iconic gestures. In other words, do gestures that depict actions precede and predict early verbs? We observed spontaneous speech and gestures produced by 40 children (22 girls, 18 boys) from age 14 to 34 months. Children produced their first iconic gestures 6 months later than they produced their first verbs. Thus, unlike the onset of deictic gestures, the onset of iconic gestures conveying action meanings followed, rather than preceded, children's first verbs. However, iconic gestures increased in frequency at the same time as verbs did and, at that time, began to convey meanings not yet expressed in speech. Our findings suggest that children can use gesture to expand their repertoire of action meanings, but only after they have begun to acquire the verb system underlying their language.

关键词： LINGUISTICS NONVERBAL communication in children RESEARCH -- Finance VIDEO recording INTER-observer reliability DATA analysis -- Software medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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"I Get Angry If He's Always Drinking and We Have No Money": Exploring Motivations for Male and Female Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence in the Philippines

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HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL 2014年第4期35卷 476-491页

作者： Fehringer, Jessica A. Hindin, Michelle J. Univ N Carolina Carolina Populat Ctr MEASURE Evaluat Chapel Hill NC 27516 USA Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth Baltimore MD USA

Our objective was to describe the context of and motivations for female and male perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) in Cebu, Philippines, using data from in-depth interviews with 19 married women. We found three categories of IPV motivations-self-defense or retaliation, reactivity, and control. Motivations differed by gender, with women acting out of self-defense more often and men acting out of control more often. Effective IPV prevention and treatment programs should take these gender differences into consideration. Moreover, it is important to look at how IPV occurs within relationships and how this may vary by context and by gender.

关键词： INTIMATE partner violence INTIMATE partner violence -- Prevention DRINKING of alcoholic beverages INTERVIEWING LONGITUDINAL method MARITAL status RESEARCH -- Methodology MOTIVATION (Psychology) SEX distribution (Demography) TELEPHONE TRANSLATIONS JUDGMENT sampling SOCIOECONOMIC factors THEMATIC analysis DATA analysis -- Software medical coding PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects

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