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LONG-TERM MODELING OF USING MANUALLY CODED AND AUTOCODED BLOOD GLUCOSE METERS IN DIABETES TREATMENT

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VALUE IN HEALTH 2014年第7期17卷 A333-A333页

作者： Yagudina, R. Kulikov, A. Babiy, V IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ Moscow Russia

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Trampolinists' Self-controlled Use of a Feedforward Self-modeling Video in Competition

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2013年第4期25卷 463-477页

作者： Vertes, Kelly A. Ste-Marie, Diane M. Univ Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

Our aim was to explore the use of a feedforward self-modeling (FF-SM) video in a competition setting: examining why it was viewed, its perceived benefits, and the frequency and timing of the viewings. At 3 competitions, 9 trampolinists (M = 12.7, SD = 1.6) were provided FF-SM videos of their trampoline routine. Logbooks revealed that 8 of 9 trampolinists viewed their video at each competition;approximately 5 times per competition. Interviews revealed that the video was predominantly viewed to assist with motor execution. Self-reported outcomes included improved performance and changes to self-regulatory processes (e.g., self-efficacy and task strategies).

关键词： DECISION making EVALUATION SELF-evaluation METHODOLOGY ATHLETIC ability CLINICAL trials GYMNASTICS INTERVIEWING RESEARCH -- Methodology RESEARCH -- Evaluation RESEARCH -- Finance SAMPLING (Statistics) SPORTS psychology STATISTICS VIDEO recording QUALITATIVE research SPORTS events THEMATIC analysis PRE-tests & post-tests medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Are e-books replacing print books? tradition, serendipity, and opportunity in the adoption and use of e-books for historical research and teaching

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013年第5期64卷 1016-1028页

作者： Martin, Kim Quan-Haase, Anabel Univ Western Ontario Fac Informat & Media Studies London ON N6A 5B7 Canada

This article aims to understand the adoption of e-books by academic historians for the purpose of teaching and research. This includes an investigation into their knowledge about and perceived characteristics of this evolving research tool. The study relied on Rogers's model of the innovation-decision process to guide the development of an interview guide. Ten semistructured interviews were conducted with history faculty between October 2010 and December 2011. A grounded theory approach was employed to code and analyze the data. Findings about tradition, cost, teaching innovations, and the historical research process provide the background for designing learning opportunities for the professional development of historians and the academic librarians who work with them. While historians are open to experimenting with e-books, they are also concerned about the loss of serendipity in digital environments, the lack of availability of key resources, and the need for technological transparency. The findings show that Rogers's knowledge and persuasion stages are cyclical in nature, with scholars moving back and forth between these two stages. Participants interviewed were already weighing the five characteristics of the persuasion stage without having much knowledge about e-books. The study findings have implications for our understanding of the diffusion of innovations in academia: both print and digital collections are being used in parallel without one replacing the other.

关键词： BOOKS COLLEGE teachers CONCEPTUAL structures (Information theory) DECISION making DIFFUSION of innovations GROUNDED theory HISTORY INTERVIEWING LEARNING & scholarship RESEARCH methodology FINANCING of research TEACHING aids & devices ELECTRONIC publications INFORMATION-seeking behavior medical coding

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Sex, blogs, and baring your soul: Factors influencing UK blogging strategies

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013年第2期64卷 345-355页

作者： Fullwood, Chris Melrose, Karen Morris, Neil Floyd, Sarah Wolverhampton Univ Dept Psychol Sch Appl Sci Wolverhampton WV1 1LY W Midlands England Univ Warwick Dept Psychol Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

There is an abundance of evidence to suggest that online behavior differs from behaviors in the offline world, and that there are a number of important factors which may affect the communication strategies of people within an online space. This article examines some of these, namely, whether the sex, age, and identifiability of blog authors, as well as the genre of communication, affect communication strategies. Findings suggest that the level of identifiability of the blog author has a limited effect upon their communication strategies. However, sex appeared to influence online behavior in so far as men were more likely to swear and attack others in their blogs. Genre had an important influence on disclosure with more self-disclosure taking place in the diary genre (i.e., blogs in which people talk about their own lives) comparative to the filter genre (i.e., blogs in which people talk about events external to their lives). Age affected both self-disclosure and language use. For example, younger bloggers tended to use more swearing, express more negative emotions and disclose more personal information about others. These findings suggest that age, sex, genre, and identifiability form a cluster of variables that influence the language style and self-disclosure patterns of bloggers;however, the level of identifiability of the blogger may be less important in this respect. Implications of these findings are discussed.

关键词： ANALYSIS of variance ATTITUDE (Psychology) CHI-squared test CORRELATION (Statistics) EMOTIONS (Psychology) GROUP identity LANGUAGE & languages SELF-perception SEX distribution (Demography) SOCIAL skills STATISTICS BLOGS SOCIAL media medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Exploring the Nature of Interpersonal Influence in Elite Individual Sport Teams

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2013年第4期25卷 448-462页

作者： Evans, Blair Eys, Mark Wolf, Svenja Wilfrid Laurier Univ Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada German Sport Univ Cologne Cologne Germany

The purpose of this study was to investigate teammate interpersonal influence in individual sport. Fourteen elite individual sport athletes (i.e., 6 mid- to long-distance runners, 6 cross country skiers, 1 mountain biker, and 1 wrestler) participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews exploring their sport experiences with teammates. Athletes suggested that teammates were a primary source of motivation, social facilitation, social comparisons, and teamwork. Athletes also described how concepts such as cohesion and competitiveness acted as determinants of interpersonal influence. Group experiences are influential for individual sport athletes, and the management of group processes is an important concern for coaches and practitioners.

关键词： COMPETITION (Psychology) CONCEPTUAL structures (Information theory) CROSS-country skiing CYCLING FRIENDSHIP GROUNDED theory INTERPERSONAL relations INTERVIEWING RESEARCH -- Methodology MOTIVATION (Psychology) RESEARCH -- Evaluation SPORTS psychology TEAMS in the workplace WRESTLING QUALITATIVE research DATA analysis GROUP process SOCIAL support THEMATIC analysis TEAM sports ELITE athletes LONG-distance running medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Critical Care in the Surgical Global Period

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CHEST 2013年第3期143卷 851-855页

作者： Painter, Julie R. Med Reimbursement Anal & Solut Inc Denver CO USA

This article explores the rules and regulations from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set and US Medicare and Medicaid Services (Medicare) regarding multiple physicians reporting critical care services during the global period. The article takes into account the critical care definitions, regulations, documentation requirements, and services each provider can report to Medicare. A clinical scenario based on literature supporting the types of complications and care that might typically be included in the post-operative period for a patient who is surgically treated for a type A aortic dissection was analyzed. It was determined that multiple physicians may provide critical care services to a single patient during the global period. The physician who performed the primary procedure cannot report critical care separately unless documentation supporting use of modifier 25 (significant, separately identifiable services) or 24 (unrelated services) supports that critical care is unrelated to the global period. Other physicians may report critical care services separately if specific criteria are met. To report critical care services to Medicare, the patient's condition must meet the Medicare definition of critical care and the physicians should generally represent different specialties providing different aspects of care to the critically ill or injured patient as defined by Medicare. There should be no overlap in time of services provided by each physician. Each physician's documentation should clearly support medical necessity with the diagnosis demonstrating the critical nature of the patients' illness, the total time spent providing critical care, the critical care service provided, and other contributing factors. CHEST 2013;143(3):851-855

关键词： medical coding PHYSICIANS -- United States CRITICAL care medicine DOCUMENTATION HEALTH insurance reimbursement

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Subjective Organization, Verbal Learning, and Forgetting Across the Life Span: From 5 to 89

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EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH 2013年第1期39卷 1-26页

作者： Davis, Hasker P. Klebe, Kelli J. Guinther, Paul M. Schroder, Kimberly B. Cornwell, R. Elisabeth James, Lori E. Univ Colorado Dept Psychol Colorado Springs CO 80933 USA

Background/Study Context: Previous tests of the relationship between subjective organization during encoding, aging, and recall have produced inconsistent findings. The present study investigates subjective organization and the acquisition and recall of verbal material across the life span (from 5 to 89 years of age) using two measures, the intertrial repetition paired frequency (PF) measure and the unidirectional subjective organization (SO) measure. Methods: Participants (N = 2656) were administered a version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, including a delayed recall trial. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to examine the relationship between age and subjective organization and between age and recall. Mediation and growth curve analyses were performed to further examine the relationship between age, verbal acquisition, and subjective organization. Results: Subjective organization was not predictive of verbal forgetting. Deficits in verbal acquisition and subjective organization were detected among children and elderly adults. Mediational analyses showed that age affected the number of words recalled as well as subjective organization, and that subjective organization affected the number of words recalled in children, young adults and elderly. Latent growth curve modeling suggests that increases in subjective organization over time are related to increases in recall over time for each age group. Conclusion: Subjective organization is predictive of recall, and both subjective organization and recall are lowest among children and elderly individuals. Age has direct effects on recall but this effect is partially mediated by subjective organization. Brain imaging studies showing increased prefrontal cortex activation during encoding of remembered words bolster our findings that age affects the relationship between verbal learning and organization of material during encoding.

关键词： AGE distribution (Demography) ANALYSIS of covariance ANALYSIS of variance CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) CONFIDENCE intervals CORRELATION (Statistics) EXPERIMENTAL design INTELLIGENCE tests LATENT structure analysis LEARNING HUMAN life cycle MEMORY SAMPLING (Statistics) STATISTICS TIME DATA analysis PREDICTIVE validity medical coding DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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'Discovery Learning': An account of rapid curriculum change in response to accreditation

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medical TEACHER 2013年第7期35卷 E1319-E1326页

作者： White, J. Paslawski, T. Kearney, R. Univ Alberta Dept Surg Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada Univ Alberta Fac Rehabil Med Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada Univ Alberta Dept Anesthesiol Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and experiences of leaders responsible for making rapid changes to a medical school curriculum in response to an adverse accreditation report. The new curriculum was based on the principles of problem-based learning ('Discovery Learning'), with changes to the way that students were assessed. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with leaders responsible for education at the school two and a half years after the adoption of the new curriculum. We coded the resulting transcripts to identify major and minor themes expressed by participants. Results: Thirty-five senior leaders, administrators and course directors were invited for the interview;14 (40%) were interviewed. Five main themes were noted in the data: (1) organization and control of the curriculum;(2) changes in the practices of teaching and learning;(3) effects on faculty members;(4) sources of resistance and (5) attitudes to curriculum change in general. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that major curriculum change can be achieved successfully in a short period of time. This study also illustrates some of the problems associated with making rapid changes to the medical school curriculum, and highlights the importance of attitudes to change amongst the leadership of a medical school.

关键词： CURRICULUM planning INTERVIEWING RESEARCH -- Methodology MEDICINE -- Study & teaching PROBLEM-based learning SCHOOL administrators THEMATIC analysis ACCREDITATION medical coding

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Major Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Iranian Patients

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ISSUES IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 2013年第9期34卷 685-692页

作者： Amini, Kourosh Negarandeh, Reza Cheraghi, Mohammad Ali Eftekhar, Mehrdad Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Nursing & Midwifery Tehran Iran Zanjan Univ Med Sci Sch Nursing & Midwifery Zanjan Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Nursing & Midwifery Nursing & Midwifery Care Res Ctr Tehran Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Mental Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one the most common mental disorders;it affects about 5-10% of the world population. This study explores the experiences of people with major depressive disorder in Zanjan, Iran. In order to identify recurring themes and patterns in individuals' experiences of major depressive disorder, semi-structured interviews with 18 patients were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then analyzed based on conventional qualitative content analysis. Five main categories emerged. The first category was called emotional paralysis and included the subcategories feeling severely depressed;feeling anxious;feeling impatient and irritable;and having dyshedonia. The second category was disturbance of thinking and was comprised of the subcategories of preoccupation, instable spiritual beliefs, and guilt. Cognitive decline was the third identified category and was further divided into subcategories of frustration, unawareness of the disorder, negative evaluation, indecisiveness, and loss of focus and loss of memory. Another major category was physical illnesses with the subcategories of physical discomfort, sleep problems, appetite disturbance, facial changes, sexual dysfunction, and medical conditions. The final category was failure in life, which had failure in personal affairs, jeopardized interpersonal relations, and unstable work life as subcategories. These findings provide a base for further research in this area. They also have clinical relevance for health care providers working with patients with MDD. Related cultural issues also are discussed.

关键词： COGNITION disorders CONTENT analysis (Communication) DECISION making MENTAL depression INTERPERSONAL relations INTERVIEWING RESEARCH -- Methodology PSYCHOSEXUAL disorders QUALITATIVE research THEMATIC analysis medical coding

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Rooting Out Institutional Corruption to Manage Inappropriate Off-Label Drug Use

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JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS 2013年第3期41卷 654-664页

作者： Rodwin, Marc A. Suffolk Univ Sch Law Boston MA 02108 USA Harvard Univ Edmond J Safra Ctr Eth Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Prescribing drugs for uses that the FDA has not approved off-label drug use can sometimes be justified but is typically not supported by substantial evidence of effectiveness. At the root of inappropriate off-label drug use lie perverse incentives for pharmaceutical firms and flawed oversight of prescribing physicians. Typical reform proposals such as increased sanctions for manufacturers might reduce the incidence of unjustified off-label use, but they do not remove the source of the problem. Public policy should address the cause and control the practice. To manage inappropriate off-label drug use, off-label prescriptions must be tracked in order to monitor the risks and benefits and the manufacturers' conduct. Even more important, reimbursement rules should be changed so that manufacturers cannot profit from off-label sales. When off-label sales pass a critical threshold, manufacturers should also be required to pay for independent testing of the safety and effectiveness of off-label drug uses and for the FDA to review the evidence. Manufacturers should also finance, under FDA supervision, programs designed to warn physicians and the public about the risks of off-label drug use.

关键词： OFF-label use (Drugs) PRESCRIPTION of drugs DRUG approval CORRUPTION DRUG efficacy DRUG control PHARMACEUTICAL industry DRUG utilization EVALUATION MARKETING ethics PRACTICE of medicine OFF-label use of drug laws medical formulae, receipts, prescriptions CLINICAL trials DATABASES PHYSICIAN practice patterns HEALTH insurance reimbursement medical coding CORRUPT practices SOCIAL aspects MORAL & ethical aspects

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