Electric powertrain is constituted by electric machine transmission unit, inverter and battery packs, etc., is a highly-integrated system. Its reliability and safety are not only related to industrial costs, but more ...
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Electric powertrain is constituted by electric machine transmission unit, inverter and battery packs, etc., is a highly-integrated system. Its reliability and safety are not only related to industrial costs, but more importantly to the safety of human life. This review is the first contribution to comprehensively summarize both the feature engineering methods and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (including machinelearning, neural networks and deep learning) in electric powertrain condition monitoring and fault diagnosis approaches. Specifically, this paper systematically divides the AI-supported method into two main steps: feature engineering and AI approach. On the one hand, it introduces the data and feature processing in AI-supported methods, and on the other hand it summarizes input signals, feature methods and AI algorithms included in the AI method in cases. Therefore, firstly this review is to guide how to choose the appropriate feature engineering method in further research. Secondly, the up-to-date AI algorithms adopted for powertrain health monitoring are presented in detail. Finally, such current approaches are discussed and future trends are proposed.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), various applications based on IoT have become more and more popular in industrial and living sectors. However, the hypertext transfer protoc...
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In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), various applications based on IoT have become more and more popular in industrial and living sectors. However, the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) as a popular application protocol used in various IoT applications faces a variety of security vulnerabilities. This article proposes a novel HTTP anomaly detection framework based on edge intelligence (EI) for IoT. In this framework, both clustering and classification methods are used to quickly and accurately detect anomalies in the HTTP traffic for IoT. Unlike the existing works relying on a centralized server to perform anomaly detection, with the recent advances in EI, the proposed framework distributes the entire detection process to different nodes. Moreover, a data processing method is proposed to divide the detection fields of HTTP data, which can eliminate redundant data and extract features from the fields of an HTTP header. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of HTTP anomaly detection, especially for unknown anomalies.
This work considers multi-agent sharing optimization problems, where each agent owns a local smooth function plus a non-smooth function, and the network seeks to minimize the sum of all local functions plus a coupling...
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This work considers multi-agent sharing optimization problems, where each agent owns a local smooth function plus a non-smooth function, and the network seeks to minimize the sum of all local functions plus a coupling composite function (possibly non-smooth). For this non-smooth setting, centralized algorithms are known to converge linearly under certain conditions. On the other hand, decentralized algorithms have not been shown to achieve linear convergence under the same conditions. In this work, we propose a decentralized proximal primal-dual algorithm and establish its linear convergence under weaker conditions than existing decentralized works. Our result shows that decentralized algorithms match the linear rate of centralized algorithms without any extra condition. Finally, we provide numerical simulations that illustrate the theoretical findings and show the advantages of the proposed method.
Understanding brain diseases such as categorizing Brain-Tumor (BT) is critical to assess the tumors and facilitate the patient with proper cure as per their categorizations. Numerous imaging schemes exist for BT detec...
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Understanding brain diseases such as categorizing Brain-Tumor (BT) is critical to assess the tumors and facilitate the patient with proper cure as per their categorizations. Numerous imaging schemes exist for BT detection, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), generally utilized because of the better quality of images and the reality of depending on non-ionizing radiation. This paper proposes an approach to detect distinctive BT types using Gaussian Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) on two datasets. One of the datasets is used to classify tumors into pituitary, glioma, and meningioma. The other one separates the three grades of glioma, i.e., Grade-two, Grade-three, and Grade-four. These datasets have '233' and '73' victims with a total of '3064' and '516' images on T1-weighted complexity improved pictures for the first and second datasets, separately. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 99.8% and 97.14% for the two datasets. The experimental results highlight the efficiency of the proposed approach for BT multi-class categorization.
In networks where massive sources make observations of same entities, we intend to seek the truth - the most trustworthy value of each entity from conflicting information claimed by multiple sources. Various methods a...
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In networks where massive sources make observations of same entities, we intend to seek the truth - the most trustworthy value of each entity from conflicting information claimed by multiple sources. Various methods are proposed for accurately inferring both source reliability and truths, yet relying heavily on centralized settings that incur tremendous overhead to source side. In this paper, we offer a decentralized design of truth discovery task that can fit favorably to the environments with limited resources. Considering that sources forming the connected network and making individual observations, we undertake the joint maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of truth and source reliability. Our decentralization framework simply allows each source to maintain local information exchange at a time, and computes very basic functions of data observations. To this end, we facilitate the decentralization by simplifying the MLE problem into optimizing an objective function. Upon the proof of NP-hardness, two proposed decentralized algorithms (exact and approximation) are decentralized and randomized via a combination of algorithms from their centralized counterparts that ensure performance guarantee. The derived time complexity features explicit data/network dependent terms, which leads to further acceleration in truth finding. Remarkably, in two well connected networks like random geometric and preferential attachment graphs, the accelerated approximation method enjoys logarithmic time complexity while preserving comparable accuracy to the centralized counterparts. The effectiveness of the proposed decentralizations are further empirically confirmed.
The spread of rumors on social networks can diminish public interests, and even pose a threat to social security. The first prerequisite for effectively suppressing rumors in social networks is the precise detection o...
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The spread of rumors on social networks can diminish public interests, and even pose a threat to social security. The first prerequisite for effectively suppressing rumors in social networks is the precise detection of rumors. However, factors such as hidden social relationships between users, various social contents, and diverse application scenarios in the vast social network bring severe challenges to the timely and accurate detection of rumors. Therefore, for the sake of exploring the influence of the above factors, we propose an adaptive rumor detection model combining propagation link prediction (PLP) and semantic-structure adaptive fusion, PLP and semantic-structure adaptive fusion (PLP-SSAF). First, we investigate in depth the impact of hidden social relationships on the propagation structure of posts. We leverage the hidden social relationships between users, and utilize the graph attention neural network to extract propagation structure features that simultaneously include both current and future propagation structure. Second, in order to overcome regional and cultural differences among users in multidialect environment, we enhance the text in the original dataset and merge it with the source text. We use a language representation model to extract semantic features from the joint text, getting joint semantic features that can more comprehensively represent the text. Finally, we propose a parallel features adaptive fusion mechanism that can dynamically update the weights between propagating structure features and semantic features. This enables the obtained post features to better adapt to rumor detection scenarios in social networks under massive data environments. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show that our PLP-SSAF significantly improving rumor detection performance in accuracy and generalization over existing methods, and demonstrates superior rumor detection capabilities at early stages.
Advances in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are impeded by the inefficiency of anchoring materials in facilitating long-term cycling and rate performance. To address this challenge, an exploration of two-dimensional M...
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Advances in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are impeded by the inefficiency of anchoring materials in facilitating long-term cycling and rate performance. To address this challenge, an exploration of two-dimensional MA(2)Z(4) monolayers as potential anchoring materials for LSBs is proposed based on density functional theory calculations and machinelearning (ML) techniques. Adsorption features, sulfur reduction reaction behaviors, and solvent interactions are assessed and analyzed;and MoGe2N4 and WGe2N4 are identified as the most promising candidates because they have optimal adsorption energies for lithium polysulfides to suppress the shuttle effect and exhibit enhanced catalytic activity. Meanwhile, ML analysis highlights the critical influence of the electronegativity of element Z in MA(2)Z(4) on anchoring properties, providing valuable insights into future anchoring material design for high-performance LSBs.
Epilepsy is a persistent health condition marked by unusual and highly synchronized electrical activity in the brain cells, resulting in recurring seizures. This paper proposes a novel real-time method to improve the ...
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Epilepsy is a persistent health condition marked by unusual and highly synchronized electrical activity in the brain cells, resulting in recurring seizures. This paper proposes a novel real-time method to improve the detection of seizures using the spectral features of non-stationary electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. It is observed that the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based features do not consider the interrelationship among EEG signal components. This interrelationship has been well captured by the novel representation of EEG in the form of graph signals. Here, the spectral analysis of the graph signals is investigated by the graph-based Fourier transform (GFT). Then, GFT-based features have been selected and fed into different classifiers for analysis. The seizure detection rate in two publicly available EEG-based datasets, the University of Bonn (UB) and the Neurology Sleep Clinic New Delhi (NSC-ND), have been achieved with accuracy of 98.68% and 96.84%, respectively. The accuracy achieved is significantly better than the existing state-of-the-art techniques. This approach demonstrates the impact of utilizing the interrelationship among the EEG components, followed by enhanced feature selection based on GFT for the improved detection of seizures.
machine learning algorithms are attracting significant interest for predicting complex chemical phenomenon. In this work, a model to predict research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) of pure hydrocarb...
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machine learning algorithms are attracting significant interest for predicting complex chemical phenomenon. In this work, a model to predict research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) of pure hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-ethanol blends, and gasoline ethanol blends has been developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and molecular parameters from H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RON and MON of 128 pure hydrocarbons, 123 hydrocarbon ethanol blends of known composition, and 30 FACE (fuels for advanced combustion engines) gasoline ethanol blends were utilized as a data set to develop the ANN model. The effect of weight percent of seven functional groups including paraffinic CH3 groups, paraffinic CH2 groups, paraffinic CH groups, olefinic -CH=CH2 groups, naphthenic CH-CH2 groups, aromatic C-CH groups, and ethanolic OH groups on RON and MON was studied. The effect of branching (i.e., methyl substitution), denoted by a parameter termed as branching index (BI), and molecular weight (MW) were included as inputs along with the seven functional groups to predict RON and MON. The developed ANN models for RON (9-540-314-1) and MON (9-340-603-1) have two hidden layers and a large number of nodes, and was validated against experimentally measured RON and MON of pure hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-ethanol, and gasoline-ethanol blends;a good correlation (R-2 = 0.99) between the predicted and the experimental data was obtained. The average error of prediction for both RON and MON was found to be 1.2 which is close to the range of experimental uncertainty. This shows that the functional groups in a molecule or fuel can be used to predict its ON, and the complex relationship between them can be captured by tools such as ANNs.
In this work, a gradient-based primal-dual method of multipliers is proposed for solving a class of linearly constrained non-convex problems. We show that with random initialization of the primal and dual variables, t...
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In this work, a gradient-based primal-dual method of multipliers is proposed for solving a class of linearly constrained non-convex problems. We show that with random initialization of the primal and dual variables, the algorithm is able to compute second-order stationary points (SOSPs) with probability one. Further, we present applications of the proposed method in popular signal processing and machinelearning problems such as decentralized matrix factorization and decentralized training of overparameterized neural networks. One of the key steps in the analysis is to construct a new loss function for these problems such that the required convergence conditions (especially the gradient Lipschitz conditions) can be satisfied without changing the global optimal points.
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