Typing plays an important role in software development. Types can be consid ered as weak specifications of programs and checking that a program is of a certain type provides a verification that a program satisfi...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461204336
ISBN:
(纸本)9781461267577
Typing plays an important role in software development. Types can be consid ered as weak specifications of programs and checking that a program is of a certain type provides a verification that a program satisfies such a weak speci fication. By translating a problem specification into a proposition in constructive logic, one can go one step further: the effectiveness and unifonnity of a con structive proof allows us to extract a program from a proof of this proposition. Thus by the "proposition-as-types" paradigm one obtains types whose elements are considered as proofs. Each of these proofs contains a program correct w.r.t. the given problem specification. This opens the way for a coherent approach to the derivation of provably correct programs. These features have led to a "typeful" programming style where the classi cal typing concepts such as records or (static) arrays are enhanced by polymor phic and dependent types in such a way that the types themselves get a complex mathematical structure. Systems such as Coquand and Huet's Calculus of Con structions are calculi for computing within extended type systems and provide a basis for a deduction oriented mathematical foundation of programming. On the other hand, the computational power and the expressive (impred icativity !) of these systems makes it difficult to define appropriate semantics.
During the last three decades several different styles of semantics for program ming languages have been developed. This book compares two of them: the operational and the denotational approach. On the basis of ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781461241607
ISBN:
(纸本)9780817639273;9781461286806
During the last three decades several different styles of semantics for program ming languages have been developed. This book compares two of them: the operational and the denotational approach. On the basis of several exam ples we show how to define operational and denotational semantic models for programming languages. Furthermore, we introduce a general technique for comparing various semantic models for a given language. We focus on different degrees of nondeterminism in programming lan guages. Nondeterminism arises naturally in concurrent languages. It is also an important concept in specification languages. In the examples discussed, the degree of non determinism ranges from a choice between two alternatives to a choice between a collection of alternatives indexed by a closed interval of the real numbers. The former arises in a language with nondeterministic choices. A real time language with dense choices gives rise to the latter. We also consider the nondeterministic random assignment and parallel composition, both couched in a simple language. Besides non determinism our four example languages contain some form of recursion, a key ingredient of programming languages.
This unique text/reference reviews algorithms for the exact or approximate solution of shortest-path problems, with a specific focus on a class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms. Discussing each concept and a...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781447122562
ISBN:
(纸本)9781447122555;9781447160649
This unique text/reference reviews algorithms for the exact or approximate solution of shortest-path problems, with a specific focus on a class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms. Discussing each concept and algorithm in depth, the book includes mathematical proofs for many of the given statements. Topics and features: provides theoretical and programming exercises at the end of each chapter; presents a thorough introduction to shortest paths in Euclidean geometry, and the class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms; discusses algorithms for calculating exact or approximate ESPs in the plane; examines the shortest paths on 3D surfaces, in simple polyhedrons and in cube-curves; describes the application of rubberband algorithms for solving art gallery problems, including the safari, zookeeper, watchman, and touring polygons route problems; includes lists of symbols and abbreviations, in addition to other appendices.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Combinatorics on Words, WORDS 2017, held in Montréal, QC, Canada, in September 2017.
ISBN:
(数字)9783319663968
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319663951
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Combinatorics on Words, WORDS 2017, held in Montréal, QC, Canada, in September 2017.
Baffled by maths? Then don't give up hope.;John Vince will show you how to understand many of the mathematical ideas used in computer animation, virtual reality, CAD, and other areas of computer graphics.;In ten c...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781447136859
Baffled by maths? Then don't give up hope.;John Vince will show you how to understand many of the mathematical ideas used in computer animation, virtual reality, CAD, and other areas of computer graphics.;In ten chapters you will rediscover - and hopefully discover for the first time a new way of understanding - the mathematical techniques required to solve problems and design computer programs for computer graphic applications. Each chapter explores a specific mathematical topic and takes you forward into more advanced areas until you are able to understand 3D curves and surface patches, and solve problems using vectors.;After reading the book, you should be able to refer to more challenging books with confidence and develop a greater insight into the design of computer graphics software.;Get to grips with mathematics fast ...;- Numbers;- Algebra;- Trigonometry;- Coordinate geometry;- Transforms;- Vectors;- Curves and surfaces;- Analytic geometry;The book you will read once, and refer to over and over again!
暂无评论