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Transmission planning for Indian power grid: A mixed integer programming approach

International Transactions in Operational Research 1999年第5期6卷 465-482页

作者： Chaturvedi, R. Bhattachary, K. Parikh, J. Bhattacharya, K. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research India Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Power Engineering Göteborg 412 96 Sweden

The paper presents a modeling framework to analyze some important issues associated with operation planning of a power system. Major activities involved in operations planning of large integrated power systems are considered simultaneously to ensure optimal utilization of generation and transmission capacity. The model also examines optimal transmission expansion plans vis-à-vis fuel supply issues. A mixed integer programming model is developed for this purpose and the Indian power system considered. Specific emphasis is on spatial transmission expansion plan for the existing Indian inter-state transmission grid and new transmission links, coordinated operation of the isolated regional grids and system benefits accruing from transmission expansion, enhanced fuel production and supply rescheduling to ensure efficient operation of various generating stations. © 1999 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

关键词： India Interconnected power systems mathematical programming model Power system economic operations and planning Transmission planning

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Optimal farm management responses to emerging soil salinisation in a dryland catchment in eastern Australia†

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Land Degradation & Development 1998年第4期8卷

作者： R. Greiner CSIRO Division of Wildlife & Ecology PO Box 84 Lyneham ACT 2602 Australia

Secondary salinisation of soil and water resources is an acute management issue over large parts of Australia. This paper focusses on the situation in the Liverpool Plains, where secondary soil salinity is on the increase due to rising saline groundwater tables. The Liverpool Plains are famous for the vast alluvial floodplains where self-mulching black clays provide the production basis for an extensive dryland cropping industry. The farmers there are asking how best to manage their resources under the present hydrological conditions, and are concerned whether their businesses will remain viable in the future. A multi-period programming model is applied to a model farm situation. The objective function reflects the economic paradigm of farming. The model includes a simulation sub-routine which links land use, rainfall and lateral groundwater flow into a point water balance and estimates the salt-affected area. A feedback relationship applies between soil salinity and land productivity. The results of the model suggest that the prevailing cropping practices that rely on long fallowing for soil moisture retention are sub-optimal. Increased cropping frequency increases farm income and reduces on-farm recharge to groundwater. Diversification into lucerne is favourable for the same reasons. Unless trees have commercial value, tree planting is not a favoured option except on salt-affected land. The farm achieves complete on-farm recharge control. However, assuming that the groundwater table rises at a rate of 10 cm per year independent of on-farm recharge, salinisation continues despite these land management changes. The subsequent land productivity losses render the model farm financially unviable in the medium term. Sustaining the productivity of the Liverpool Plains is an issue of reducing recharge to the groundwater system by changing land-use practices throughout the entire catchment. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： soil salinisation catchment management Australia land use external effects financial viability mathematical programming model multi-period optimisation

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