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maunakea spectroscopic explorer exposure time calculator for end-to-end simulator: to optimizing spectrograph design and observing simulation

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JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS 2024年第1期10卷

作者： Ji, Tae-Geun Sobeck, Jennifer Kim, Changgon Ahn, Hojae Yang, Mingyeong Kim, Taeeun Hong, Sungwook E. Szeto, Kei Marshall, Jennifer L. Surace, Christian Pak, Soojong Kyung Hee Univ Sch Space Res Yongin South Korea CFHT Corp Kamuela HI USA Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst Cosmol Grp Daejeon South Korea Univ Sci & Technol Astron Campus Daejeon South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Dept Astron & Space Sci Yongin South Korea Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg Astron & Astrophys Victoria BC Canada Texas A&M Univ Mitchell Inst Fundamental Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA Aix Marseille Univ Lab Astrophys Marseille Marseille France

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) project will provide multi-object spectroscopy in the optical and near-infrared bands using an 11.25-m aperture telescope, repurposing the original Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope site. MSE will observe 4332 objects per single exposure with a field of view of 1.5 square degrees, utilizing two spectrographs with low-moderate (R similar to 3000, 6000) and high (R similar to 30;000) spectral resolution. In general, an exposure time calculator (ETC) is used to estimate the performance of an observing system by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and exposure time. We present the design of the MSE ETC, which has four calculation modes (S/N, exposure time, S/N trend with wavelength, and S/N trend with magnitude) and incorporates the MSE system requirements as specified in the conceptual design. The MSE ETC currently allows for user-defined inputs of the target AB magnitude, water vapor, air mass, and sky brightness AB magnitude (additional user inputs can be provided depending on the computational mode). The ETC is built using Python 3.7 and features a graphical user interface that allows for cross-platform use. The development process of the ETC software follows an Agile methodology and utilizes the unified modeling language diagrams to visualize the software architecture. We also describe the testing and verification of the MSE ETC.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer multi-object spectroscopy astronomy software astronomical simulations

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Optical ghost modeling of the maunakea spectroscopic explorer wide field corrector 10

Optical ghost modeling of the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explore...

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Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy X

作者： Baril, Marc R. Barden, Samuel C. Jones, Damien J. Saunders, Will Zheng, Jessica Canada France Hawaii Telescope 65-1238 Mamalahoa Highway Kamuela HI 96743 USA Prime Opt 17 Crescent Rd Eumundi Qld 4562 Australia Macquarie Univ Australian Astron Opt 105 Delhi Rd N Ryde NSW 2113 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653566;9781510653559

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) will target sources down to m(AB) = 24 with a signal to noise ratio > 1 from the near UV to H-band. Among MSE's many science goals, this will allow the efficient spectroscopic follow-up of large imaging surveys anticipated from new facilities such as the Rubin Observatory. Given broadband AR coatings currently feasible for large optics, this poses a unique challenge in terms of controlling contamination from optical ghost reflections. We present exploratory work to identify telescope designs with optical ghost levels that satisfy the observational thresholds required for MSE. We also report on an initial estimate of scattering from the optics that indicates that it will have a minor impact on the accessible sky, does not drive the telescope design selection, but must be accounted for in science/sky fiber placement. The outcome of these studies is that a range of telescope configurations exist that allow MSE's target sensitivity to be reached without limitation from optical ghosts or scattering from the optics.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer MSE optical ghosts wide-field corrector scattering ZOS-API

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An exposure time calculator for the maunakea spectroscopic explorer 7

An exposure time calculator for the Maunakea Spectroscopic E...

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Conference on Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy VII

作者： Ji, Tae-Geun Kim, Taeeun Kim, Changgon Ahn, Hojae Yang, Mingyeong Pak, Soojong Hong, Sungwook E. Sobeck, Jennifer Szeto, Kei Marshall, Jennifer L. Surace, Christian Kyung Hee Univ Sch Space Res Yongin 17104 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Dept Astron & Space Sci Yongin 17104 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst Cosmol Grp Daejeon 34055 South Korea Univ Sci & Technol Astron Campus Daejeon 34055 South Korea CFHT Corp 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy Kamuela HI 96743 USA Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg Astron & Astrophys 5071 West Saanich Rd Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Texas A&M Univ Inst Fundamental Phys College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA Aix Marseille Univ Lab Astrophys Marseille LAM CNRS Marseille France

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653603;9781510653597

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) will convert the 3.6-m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) into an 11.25-m primary aperture telescope with a 1.5 square degrees field-of-view at the prime focus. It will produce multi-object spectroscopy with a suite of low (R similar to 3,000), moderate (R similar to 6,000), and high (R similar to 40,000) spectral resolution spectrographs in optical and near-infrared bands that are capable of detecting over 4,000 objects per pointing. Generally, an exposure time calculator (ETC) should simulate a system performance by computing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and exposure time based on parameters such as a target magnitude, a total throughput of the system, and sky conditions, etc. The ETC that we have developed for MSE has individual computation modes for SNR, exposure time, SNR as a function of AB magnitude, and SNR as a function of wavelength. The code is based on an agile development methodology and allows for a variety of user input. Users must select either LR, MR, or HR spectral resolution settings in order to pull the associated MSE instrument parameters. Additionally, users must specify the target and background sky magnitudes (and have the ability to alter the default airmass and water vapor values). The software is developed with Python 3.7, and Tkinter graphical user interface is implemented to facilitate cross-platform use. In this paper, we present the logic structure and various functionalities of our MSE-ETC, including a software design and a demonstration.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer multi-object spectroscopy survey simulation

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maunakea spectroscopic explorer: Instrumentation for a massively multiplexed survey facility

Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer: Instrumentation for a massi...

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Conference on Advances in Optical Astronomical Instrumentation

作者： Hill, Alexis Flagey, Nicolas Marshall, Jennifer Petric, Andreea Szeto, Kei CFHT Corp Kamuela HI 96743 USA Natl Res Council Canada Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77840 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510631472

maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) is a dedicated multi-object spectroscopic facility that is a major upgrade to the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope (CFHT) on maunakea, Hawaii, with a larger aperture and an expanded international partnership. MSE has completed its Conceptual Design Phase (CoDP) and is preparing for the upcoming Preliminary Design Phase.

关键词： spectroscopy fiber positioner fiber optic multi-object spectrograph maunakea spectroscopic explorer

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Fiber positioner system selection for the maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE)

Fiber positioner system selection for the Maunakea Spectrosc...

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Conference on Advances in Optical Astronomical Instrumentation

作者： Flagey, Nicolas Szeto, Kei Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp Maunakea Spectroscop Explorer Project Off 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy Kamuela HI 96743 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510631472

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) is a project to upgrade the 3.6-meter telescope and instrumentation of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) into a 11.25-meter telescope equipped with fiber-fed spectrographs dedicated to optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic surveys of millions of faint stars and galaxies. The current baseline for MSE is that of a prime focus, 10-meter effective aperture telescope feeding a bank of low and moderate spectral resolution spectrographs (LR, R similar to 3000 and MR, R similar to 6000) located on platforms, as well as high spectral resolution spectrographs (HR, R similar to 20000-40000) located in the more stable pier of the telescope. The 1.5 square degree field of view of MSE will be populated with more than 3200 fibers of 1'' diameter allocated to the LMR spectrographs, and more than 1000 fibers of 0.8'' for the HR spectrographs. MSE completed its Conceptual Design Phase early in 2018 and is about to enter its Preliminary Design Phase. During the Conceptual Design Phase, three design teams (AAO, UAM/MPS, and USTC) were competing for one of the most critical subsystems to the observatory's success: the fiber positioner system. Two designs were based on the phi-theta technology and one on the tilting spine technology. All three designs have been judged by the Project Office and an external review panel that gathered in Waimea between May 8th and May 11th in Waimea, at CFHT Headquarters, in presence of the three design teams. The three designs were evaluated based on a set of technical requirements that were flowed down from the high-level science requirements and other specifications that were derived from operational considerations, a set of programmatic risks used to estimate the technical readiness level of each design. In addition, multiple simulations were executed to estimate the performance of each design in terms of target allocation efficiency and injection efficiency. Real catalogs of sources were used in

关键词： fiber positioner tilting spine phi theta Sphinx maunakea spectroscopic explorer

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maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) The Prime Focus Subsystems: Requirements and Interfaces 8

Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) The Prime Focus Subsys...

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Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VIII

作者： Hill, Alexis Blin, Alexandre Horville, David Mignot, Shan Szeto, Kei CFHT Corp 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy Kamuela HI 96743 USA INSU Bur Etud Mecan Div Tech 1 Pl Aristide Briand F-92195 Meudon France Univ Paris Diderot PSL Res Univ Observ Paris GEPICNRSSorbonne Paris Cite Pl Jules Janssen F-92195 Meudon France

ISBN: (数字)9781510619647

ISBN: (纸本)9781510619647

MSE will be a massively multiplexed survey telescope, including a segmented primary mirror which feeds fibers at the prime focus, including an array of approximately four thousand fibers, positioned precisely to feed banks of spectrographs several tens of meters away. We describe the process of mapping top-level requirements on MSE to technical specifications for subsystems located at the MSE prime focus. This includes the overall top-level requirements based on knowledge of similar systems at other telescopes and how those requirements were converted into specifications so that the subsystems could begin working on their Conceptual Design Phases. We then discuss the verification of the engineering specifications and the compiling of lower-level requirements and specifications into higher level performance budgets (e.g. Image Quality). We also briefly discuss the interface specifications, their effect on the performance of the system and the plan to manage them going forward. We also discuss the opto-mechanical design of the telescope top end assembly and refer readers to more details for instrumentation located at the top end.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer multi-object spectrograph prime focus requirements interfaces

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Systems budgets architecture and development for the maunakea spectroscopic explorer 7

Systems budgets architecture and development for the Maunake...

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Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII

作者： Mignot, Shan Flagey, Nicolas Szeto, Kei Murowinski, Rick McConnachie, Alan Univ Paris Diderot PSL Res Univ Sorbonne Paris Cite GEPIObserv ParisCNRS Pl Jules Janssen F-92195 Meudon France Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy Kamuela HI 96743 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602014;9781510602021

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) project is an enterprise to upgrade the existing Canada-France-Hawaii observatory into a spectroscopic facility based on a 10 meter-class telescope. As such, the project relies on engineering requirements not limited only to its instruments (the low, medium and high resolution spectrographs) but for the whole observatory. The science requirements, the operations concept, the project management and the applicable regulations are the basis from which these requirements are initially derived, yet they do not form hierarchies as each may serve several purposes, that is, pertain to several budgets. Completeness and consistency are hence the main systems engineering challenges for such a large project as MSE. Special attention is devoted to ensuring the traceability of requirements via parametric models, derivation documents, simulations, and finally maintaining KAOS diagrams and a database under IBM Rational DOORS (R) linking them together. This paper will present how the main budgets under development are organised, expand to highlight a case involving several interrelated issues and the tools used to analyse and model how they affect performance and how optimisation can be carried out.

关键词： systems engineering KAOS requirements engineering multi-object spectroscopy fibre-fed spectroscopy maunakea spectroscopic explorer Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope

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The maunakea spectroscopic explorer: the science-driven design rationale 5

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer: the science-driven desi...

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Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V

作者： McConnachie, Alan Murowinski, Rick Salmon, Derrick Simons, Doug Cote, Patrick MSE Project Off Kamuela HI 96743 USA Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp Kamuela HI 96743 USA NRC Herzberg Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496133

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE;previously, the Next Generation CFHT) will fill a missing link in the international suite of optical-infra-red facilities in the 2020s, and will provide a key capability for multi-wavelength science, namely: fully dedicated, 10m-class, wide-field spectroscopy of thousands of objects per hour at spectral resolutions ranging from R = 2000 to >= 20000. This facility will be provided by upgrading the existing CFHT and expanding the partnership. A Project Office has been established to lead the continued scientific, technical and partnership development and complete a Construction Proposal for the facility. Here, we review the current status of the science development, in particular discussing the mechanisms by which the principal science drivers flow into the technical design, and we discuss how the facility will be optimized to satisfy demanding scientific specifications.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer multi-object spectroscopy astronomical facilities surveys Next Generation Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope

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Mauna Kea Spectrographic explorer (MSE): A New Optical Design for the Multi-object High-Resolution Spectrograph 9

Mauna Kea Spectrographic Explorer (MSE): A New Optical Desig...

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Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IX

作者： Zhang, Kai Xin, Qiqige Wang, Liang Hill, Alexis Barden, Sam Sobeck, Jennifer Marshall, Jennifer Szeto, Kei Shi, Jianrong Zhu, Yongtian Hu, Zhongwen Gong, Xuefei Chinese Acad Sci Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol Natl Astron Observ Nanjing 210042 Peoples R China Nanjing Inst Astron Opt Technol CAS Key Lab Astron Opt & Technol Nanjing 210042 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China CFHT Corp Maunakea Spectroscop Explorer Kamuela HI 96743 USA Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa ON K1N 5A2 Canada Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ China Beijing 100021 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653504;9781510653498

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) project will transform the CFHT 3.6m optical telescope into an 11.25m multi-object spectroscopic facility with a 1.5 square degrees field of view. It will get the ability to simultaneously measure 4,332 objects with two spectral resolution modes respectively low/moderate resolution of R=3,000/6,000, and high resolution of R >= 30,000. Multi-object high resolution (HR) spectrographs take the challenge of simultaneously producing a thousand high-resolution spectra respectively at blue, green, and red channels. A few different optical designs have been investigated deeply by scientific and technical groups since 2018. With the trade-off studies between science cases and technical capability in dispersers, the paper describes a new design proposal based on using the echelle gratings and taking reference to the industrialized production process. It enables to reduce the technical risk in dispersers and switch the observing wavelength bandpasses quickly by sorting filters.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer Multi-object spectroscopic Survey High-Resolution Spectrograph

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Mauna Kea Spectrographic explorer (MSE): New Preliminary Design for the Multi-object High Resolution Spectrograph 8

Mauna Kea Spectrographic Explorer (MSE): New Preliminary Des...

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Conference on Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII

作者： Zhang, Kai Shi, Jianrong Wang, Liang Zhu, Yongtian Tang, Zhen Xin, Qiqige Szeto, Kei Marshall, Jennifer L. Flagey, Nicolas Hill, Alexis Barden, Samuel Gong, Xuefei Chinese Acad Sci Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol Natl Astron Observ Nanjing 210042 Peoples R China Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol CAS Key Lab Astron Opt & Technol Nanjing 210042 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Key Lab Opt Astron Beijing 100021 Peoples R China CFHT Corp 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy Kamuela HI 96743 USA Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg Astron & Astrophys 5071 West Saanich Rd Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Texas A&M Univ Mitchell Inst Fundamental Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys & Astron College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510636828

The maunakea spectroscopic explorer (MSE) project will transform the CFHT 3.6m optical telescope to an 11.25 m multi-object spectroscopic facility with an ability to simultaneously detect thousands of objects with three spectral resolution modes, low resolution of R similar to 3,000, moderate resolution of R similar to 5,000, and high resolution of R 20,000 similar to 40,000, respectively. The multi-object high resolution (HR) spectrographs can derive simultaneously around one thousand high-resolution spectra of Blue, Green, and Red channels, respectively. Based on the discussion of the science cases in 2019, the design team suggested that the optimal design of HR spectrograph should balance between the new scientific requirements and technical feasibility. Here, the HR design team shows the trade-off study's progress and introduces a new preliminary design.

关键词： maunakea spectroscopic explorer Multi-object Spectrograph High Spectral Resolution

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