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12 IEEE Int C Elect Energy Env Communications Computer Control

作者： Mishra, Shivshankar Shukla, Harshit Madhekar, Suneel DRDO Res Ctr Imarat PGAD Hyderabad 50058 Andhra Pradesh India PDPM IIITDM Elect & Commun Engn Dept Jabalpur 482005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467365406

Design and implementation of a Turbo decoder on FPGA is a challenging task. Various algorithms based on the BCJR algorithm have been proposed to enable the implementation of Turbo decoding in a hardware device. With the advent of FPGAs, the realization of the BCJR algorithm and different simplified versions of BCJR algorithm on hardware is possible. A VHDL implementation of Turbo decoder using the max-log-map algorithm has been discussed in this paper. The target device used for this implementation is Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA. Simulation and synthesis were carried out using ModelSim SE 6.1 and Xilinx ISE 10.1. BER plots and input and output waveforms for interleaver, deinterleaver, max-log-map decoder and Turbo decoder are also presented.

关键词： Error correcting codes Turbo codes iterative decoding FPGA max-log-map algorithm

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A Simplified Soft-demapping Scheme for Probabilistic Constellation Shaping 59

A Simplified Soft-demapping Scheme for Probabilistic Constel...

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59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Jia, Yinhua Wu, Liangming Xu, Changlong Liu, Wei Xu, Hao Richardson, Tom Qualcomm Technol Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304060;9798350304053

Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) improves the spectral efficiency by adjusting the probability distribution of the transmitted symbols to match the channel characteristics. The conventional log-maximum A Posteriori (log-map) algorithm can work for demodulation of PCS system by taking into account the probability of each constellation point. However, the conventional max-log-map algorithm cannot be applied directly. In this paper, a simplified soft-demapping scheme is proposed based on the max-log-map algorithm for the PCS system. The proposed scheme has a lower complexity than the logmap algorithm with acceptable performance loss. In addition, the distribution mismatch between transmitter and receiver is evaluated. The results show that four distributions are adequate for PCS-64 and PCS-256 to cover a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.

关键词： Probabilistic constellation shaping demodulation max-log-map algorithm

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Model-Driven DNN Decoder for Turbo Codes: Design, Simulation, and Experimental Results

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第10期68卷 6127-6140页

作者： He, Yunfeng Zhang, Jing Jin, Shi Wen, Chao-Kai Li, Geoffrey Ye Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Inst Commun Engn Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

This paper presents a novel model-driven deep learning (DL) architecture, called TurboNet, for turbo decoding that integrates DL into the traditional max-log-maximum a posteriori (map) algorithm. The TurboNet inherits the superiority of the max-log-map algorithm and DL tools and thus presents excellent error-correction capability with low training cost. To design the TurboNet, the original iterative structure is unfolded as deep neural network (DNN) decoding units, where trainable weights are introduced to the max-log-map algorithm and optimized through supervised learning. To efficiently train the TurboNet, a loss function is carefully designed to prevent tricky gradient vanishing issue. To further reduce the computational complexity and training cost of the TurboNet, we can prune it into TurboNet+. Compared with the existing black-box DL approaches, the TurboNet+ has considerable advantage in computational complexity and is conducive to significantly reducing the decoding overhead. Furthermore, we also present a simple training strategy to address the overfitting issue, which enable efficient training of the proposed TurboNet+. Simulation results demonstrate TurboNet+'s superiority in error-correction ability, signal-to-noise ratio generalization, and computational overhead. In addition, an experimental system is established for an over-the-air (OTA) test with the help of a 5G rapid prototyping system and demonstrates TurboNet's strong learning ability and great robustness to various scenarios.

关键词： Decoding Iterative decoding Training Computer architecture Turbo codes Computational modeling Computational complexity DL turbo decoding max-log-map algorithm network pruning OTA

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Effect of Run-Time Triggered Multinet Trojan on max-log-map Decoder 7

Effect of Run-Time Triggered Multinet Trojan on Max-log-MAP ...

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7th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization - Trends and Future Directions (ICRITO)

作者： Aiswarya, M. S. Yamuna, B. Balasubramanian, Karthi Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Sch Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646922

The rapid growth in wireless communication has caused an increased demand for high speed error control decoders with improved BER performance. Turbo codes, the Shannon limit approaching codes, use max-log-map decoders as the component decoders in the iterative decoding process. The demand for high speed error control decoders has led to an increased interest in the design of hardware-secure max-log-map decoders with high throughput and reduced area. This paper focuses on designing a high throughput max-log-map decoder with reduced area and analyzing the effect of a run time triggered multinet connected Trojan on its performance. High throughput is achieved by using radix-4 and radix-8 architectures and area is optimized using maximum sharing of resources (MSR) architec-ture. This architecture uses a modified add-compare-select unit designed by effectively utilizing the relationship existing between the branch metrics. Trojan analysis is performed by inserting a run time triggered multinet connected Trojan and comparing its performance with the Trojan free decoder.

关键词： max-log-map algorithm Bit error rate maxi-mum Sharing of Resources Trojans

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The Acceleration of Turbo Decoder On The Newest GPGPU of Kepler Architecture 14

The Acceleration of Turbo Decoder On The Newest GPGPU of Kep...

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International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies

作者： Zhang, Yang Xing, Zuocheng Yuan, Luechao Liu, Cang Wang, Qinglin Natl Univ Def Technol Sci & Technol Parallel & Distributed Proc Lab Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944163

In the paper, a new implementation of a 3GPP LTE standards compliant turbo decoder based on GPGPU is proposed. It uses the newest GPU-Tesla K20c, which is based on the Kepler GK110 architecture. The new architecture has more powerful parallel computing capability and we use it to fully exploit the parallelism in the turbo decoding algorithm in novel ways. Meanwhile, we use various memory hierarchies to meet various kinds of data demands on speed and capacity. Simulation shows that our implementation is practical and it gets 76% improvement on throughput over the latest GPU implementation. The result demonstrates that the newest Kepler architecture is suitable for turbo decoding and it can be a promising reconfigurable platform for the communication system.

关键词： Turbo Decoder GPGPU Kepler Parallel max-log-map algorithm

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Performance Evaluation of Turbo Coded OFDM with Channel Estimation Over SUI Channel Models 9

Performance Evaluation of Turbo Coded OFDM with Channel Esti...

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9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)

作者： Khan, Latif Ullah Mahmud, Sahibzada Ali Khan, Gul M. Zafar, M. Haseeb Univ Engn & Technol Dept Elect Engn Peshawar Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925810

In this paper, the performance of the Least Squares (LS) estimator along with turbo codes in OFDM is evaluated for the SUI channel models in the presence of AWGN. Turbo codes are used in this paper because of its BER performance close to Shannon limit. The iterative turbo decoder exchanges soft information between the component decoders. maximum A Posteriori (map) and its simplified version max-log-map algorithms are used for the component decoders. The performance and complexity comparison is also made between the decoding algorithms. Moreover the effect of memory order on the performance of the decoding algorithms is also studied.

关键词： OFDM LS estimator map algorithm max-log-map algorithm SUI Channel Models

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The Performance of ST-Turbo TC Based on the Improved log-map algorithm

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第4期62卷 959-964页

作者： Wu, Yao-Jun Li, Li-Xin Wu, Ya-Wei E China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China

The iterative decoding in turbo code has very high decoding complexity. This paper adopts the improved log-map algorithm for decoding of Space-Time Turbo Trellis Code (ST-Turbo TC) in the slow Rayleigh fading channels. Using the MacLaurin formulae, the proposed algorithm expands the logarithmic function of the log-map. It makes the computation much easier and the operation of the hardware system much faster. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs very closely to the log-map algorithm for decoding of ST-Turbo TC in slow Rayleigh fading channels.

关键词： Space-Time turbo trellis code log-map algorithm max-log-map algorithm Improved log-map algorithm

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A contribution to the reduction of the dynamic power dissipation in the turbo decoder

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2012年第7-8期67卷 397-406页

作者： Liu, Haisheng Jego, Christophe Boutillon, Emmanuel Jezequel, Michel Diguet, Jean-Philippe CNRS IMS IPB Enseirb Matmeca Bordeaux France CNRS Lab STICC Inst Telecom Telecom Bretagne Brest France Univ Bretagne Sud CNRS Lab STICC Lorient France

In the field of mobile communication systems, the energy issue of a turbo decoder becomes an equivalent constraint as throughput and performance. This paper presents a contribution to the reduction of the power consumption in the turbo decoder. The main idea is based on re-encoding technique combined with dummy insertion during the iterative decoding process. This technique, named "toward zero path" (TZP) helps in reducing the state transition activity of the max-log-map algorithm by trying to maintain the survivor path on the 'zero path' of the trellis. The design of a turbo decoder based on the TZP technique, associated with different power reduction technique (saturation of state metrics, stoping criterium) is described. The resulting turbo decoder was implemented onto a Xilinx VirtexII-Pro field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in a digital communication experimental setup. Performance and accurate power dissipation measurements have been done thanks to dynamic partial reconfiguration of the FPGA device. The experimental results have shown the interest of the different contributions for the design of turbo decoders.

关键词： Turbo codes max-log-map algorithm Re-encoding technique Energy efficient architecture FPGA prototyping

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An improved max-log-map algorithm for turbo decoding and turbo equalization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2007年第3期56卷 1058-1063页

作者： Talakoub, Shahram Sabeti, Leila Shahrrava, Behnam Ahmadi, Majid Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Windsor Dept Elect & Comp Engn Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada

This paper proposes an improved max-log-maximum a posteriori (map) algorithm for turbo decoding and turbo equalization. The proposed algorithm utilizes the MacLaurin Series to expand the logarithmic term in the Jacobian logarithmic function of the log-map algorithm. In terms of complexity, the proposed algorithm can easily be implemented by means of adders and comparators as this is the case for the max-log-map algorithm. In addition, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs very closely to the log-map algorithm for both turbo decoding over additive-white-Gaussian-noise channels and turbo equalization over frequency-selective channels. Further, it is shown than even in a high-loss intersymbol-interference channel, the proposed algorithm preserves its performance close to that of the log-map algorithm, while there is a wide gap between the performance of the log-map and max-log-map turbo equalizers.

关键词： maximum a posteriori (map) and log-map algorithms max-log-map algorithm turbo decoding turbo equalization

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A NOVEL SIMPLIFIED log-map algorithm SUITABLE FOR HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF TURBO DECODING

A NOVEL SIMPLIFIED LOG-MAP ALGORITHM SUITABLE FOR HARDWARE I...

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24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Thangarajah, Krishnamohan Shahrrava, Behnam Khalid, Mohammed A. S. Univ Windsor Dept Elect & Comp Engn Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424497898

In this paper, we propose a simplified log-map algorithm that is equivalent to the log-map algorithm in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER) performance, but without its implementation difficulties. The proposed algorithm is based on a linear approximation of the correction function in the log-map algorithm over different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions. This approximation is simple to implement by avoiding the number of complicated operations. Simulation results demonstrate that this simplified algorithm can achieve the same BER performance as the log-map algorithm.

关键词： Turbo Decoding log-map algorithm max-log-map algorithm Bit-Error-Rate Performance

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