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Quasi-real time acquisition and processing for biomedical IR and conventional imaging in surgery applications

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2019年第3期14卷 P03011-P03011页

作者： Lay-Ekuakille, A. Visconti, P. de Fazio, R. Veneziano, D. Univ Salento Dept Innovat Engn Via Monteroni I-73100 Lecce Italy Asl Reggio Calabria Osped Riuniti Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Via G Melacrino 21 I-89124 Reggio Di Calabria Italy

Surgery decision making is almost basically adopted by imaging, and for internal organs, imaging is the only tool for proceeding on. Interested imaging is obtained by as Xrays, CT (computer Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), ultrasound, scintigraphy, and PET (Positron Emission Tomography). All the above techniques are correlated to specific instrumentation, and their manufacturers include dedicated software to output high quality images. However, despite advances in biomedical instrumentation technology, new issues, regarding insurgence of pathologies so far unknown, require as much techniques to be developed. In this spirit, infrared thermography, for instance, can ride to help us to solve this thorny issue. Infrared images have been used to discriminate interested organs with respect to tissues and adherences that must be taken in consideration for continuing and optimizing the surgery process. Modified linear and circular Hough transform have been used to process captured images. This paper illustrates findings related to quasi-real time acquisition and processing during surgery. Infrared processing has been compared to another technique based on atomic force microscopy-based algorithm. Hough technique is also treated.

关键词： medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Assessment of the effects of different sample perfusion procedures on phase-contrast tomographic images of mouse spinal cord

Assessment of the effects of different sample perfusion proc...

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International Workshop on Imaging II

作者： Stefanutti, E. Sierra, A. Miocchi, P. Massimi, L. Brun, F. Maugeri, L. Bukreeva, I. Nurmi, A. Provinciali, G. Begani Tromba, G. Grohn, O. Giove, F. Cedola, A. Fratini, M. IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina 306-354 I-00142 Rome Italy Univ Eastern Finland Biomed Imaging Unit AI Virtanen Inst Mol Sci Neulaniementie 2 FIN-70211 Kuopio Finland Sapienza Univ CNR Inst Nanotechnol Phys Dept Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 I-00185 Rome Italy Charles River Discovery Serv Microkatu 1 Kuopio 70210 Finland Sapienza Univ Phys Dept Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 I-00185 Rome Italy Elettra Synchrotron Radiat Trieste SCpA Area Sci Pk I-34149 Trieste Italy Museo Stor Fis Ctr Fermi Piazza Viminale 1 I-00184 Rome Italy Ctr Studi & Ric Enrico Fermi Piazza Viminale 1 I-00184 Rome Italy

Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast micro-Tomography (SXrPC mu T) is a powerful tool in the investigation of biological tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), and it allows to simultaneously detect the vascular and neuronal network avoiding contrast agents or destructive sample preparations. However, specific sample preparation procedures aimed to optimize the achievable contrast-and signal-to-noise ratio (CNR and SNR, respectively) are required. Here we report and discuss the effects of perfusion with two different fixative agents (ethanol and paraformaldehyde) and with a widely used contrast medium (MICROFIL (R)) on mouse spinal cord. As a main result, we found that ethanol enhances contrast at the grey/white matter interface and increases the contrast in correspondence of vascular features and fibres, thus providing an adequate spatial resolution to visualise the vascular network at the microscale. On the other hand, ethanol is known to induce tissue dehydration, likely reducing cell dimensions below the spatial resolution limit imposed by the experimental technique. Nonetheless, neurons remain well visible using either perfused paraformaldehyde or MICROFIL (R) compound, as these latter media do not affect tissues with dehydration effects. Paraformaldehyde appears as the best compromise: it is not a contrast agent, like MICROFIL (R), but it is less invasive than ethanol and permits to visualise well both cells and blood vessels. However, a quantitative estimation of the relative grey matter volume of each sample has led us to conclude that no significant alterations in the grey matter extension compared to the white matter occur as a consequence of the perfusion procedures tested in this study.

关键词： medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Analytic digital tomosynthesis reconstruction in partial sampling with a multislit collimator using a prior sinogram interpolation method

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2019年第1期14卷 C01015-C01015页

作者： Park, S. Kim, G. Park, C. Lee, D. Cho, H. Kim, K. Kang, S. Kim, W. Lim, H. Lee, H. Jeon, D. Park, J. Lim, Y. Seo, C. Yonsei Univ iTOMO Grp Dept Radiat Convergence Engn 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 26493 Gangwon Do South Korea

This study investigated analytic digital tomosynthesis (DTS) reconstruction in partial sampling with a multislit collimator that partially blocks the x-ray beam to the patient during projection data acquisition, thereby reducing excessive radiation dose to patients. Partially-sampled DTS images reconstructed using the analytic filtered-backprojection (FBP) algorithm usually suffer from severe bright-band artifacts around multislit edges of the collimator due to incomplete spatial sampling. In this study, a new prior sinogram interpolation method was introduced to the analytic DTS reconstruction in partial sampling to alleviate such artifacts. To verify the proposed DTS method, we conducted a systematic simulation and investigated image characteristics. Three multislit collimator layouts of C(2/2), C(3/3), and C(4/4) with a 50% duty cycle were designed and used in the simulation. Here C(n/n) denotes a collimator layout that blocks the x-ray beam over n detector pixels vertically with a n-pixel interval. All projections were obtained at a tomographic angle of theta = +/- 40 degrees and an angle step of Delta theta = 2 degrees and used to reconstruct DTS images using the FBP algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed sinogram interpolation method effectively minimized bright-band artifacts in analytic DTS reconstruction in partial sampling, thus maintaining the image quality.

关键词： computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Assessment of the effects of different sample perfusion procedures on phase-contrast tomographic images of mouse spinal cord

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2018年第3期13卷 C03027-C03027页

关键词： medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Proton Computed Tomography: iterative image reconstruction and dose evaluation

Proton Computed Tomography: iterative image reconstruction a...

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18th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors

作者： Civinini, C. Bonanno, D. Brianzi, M. Carpinelli, M. Cirrone, G. A. P. Cuttone, G. Lo Presti, D. Maccioni, G. Pallotta, S. Randazzo, N. Scaringella, M. Romano, F. Sipala, V. Talamonti, C. Vanzi, E. Bruzzi, M. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Florence Div Florence Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Catania Div Catania Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Lab Nazl Sud Catania Italy Univ Sassari Chem & Pharm Dept Sassari Italy Univ Catania Dept Phys & Astron Catania Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Cagliari Div Cagliari Italy Univ Florence Biomed Expt & Clin Sci Dept Florence Italy Azienda Osped Univ Careggi SOD Fis Med Florence Italy Azienda Osped Univ Senese Fis Sanit Siena Italy Univ Florence Dept Phys & Astron Florence Italy

Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a medical imaging method with a potential for increasing accuracy of treatment planning and patient positioning in hadron therapy. A pCT system based on a Silicon microstrip tracker and a YAG:Ce crystal calorimeter has been developed within the INFN Prima-RDH collaboration. The prototype has been tested with a 175 MeV proton beam at The Svedberg Laboratory (Uppsala, Sweden) with the aim to reconstruct and characterize a tomographic image. Algebraic iterative reconstruction methods (ART), together with the most likely path formalism, have been used to obtain tomographies of an inhomogeneous phantom to eventually extract density and spatial resolutions. These results will be presented and discussed together with an estimation of the average dose delivered to the phantom and the dependence of the image quality on the dose. Due to the heavy computation load required by the algebraic algorithms the reconstruction programs have been implemented to fully exploit the high calculation parallelism of Graphics Processing Units. An extended field of view pCT system is in an advanced construction stage. This apparatus will be able to reconstruct objects of the size of a human head making possible to characterize this pCT approach in a pre-clinical environment.

关键词： Instrumentation for hadron therapy Instrumentation for particle-beam therapy medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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GATE simulation of a new design of pinhole SPECT system for small animal brain imaging

GATE simulation of a new design of pinhole SPECT system for ...

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14th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors

作者： Ozsahin, D. Uzun Blackberg, L. El Fakhri, G. Sabet, H. Harvard Med Sch Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Radiol 55 Fruit St Boston MA 02115 USA Near East Univ TRNC Dept Biomed Engn Near East Blvd CY-99138 Nicosia Cyprus Uppsala Univ Dept Phys & Astron Box 516 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden

Small animal SPECT imaging has gained an increased interest over the past decade since it is an excellent tool for developing new drugs and tracers. Therefore, there is a huge effort on the development of cost-effective SPECT detectors with high capabilities. The aim of this study is to simulate the performance characteristics of new designs for a cost effective, stationary SPECT system dedicated to small animal imaging with a focus on mice brain. The conceptual design of this SPECT system platform, Stationary Small Animal SSA-SPECT, is to use many pixelated CsI:TI detector modules with 0.4 mm x 0.4 mm pixels in order to achieve excellent intrinsic detector resolution where each module is backed by a single pinhole collimator with 0.3 mm hole diameter. In this work, we present the simulation results of four variations of the SSA-SPECT platform where the number of detector modules and FOV size is varied while keeping the detector size and collimator hole size constant. Using the NEMA NU-4 protocol, we performed spatial resolution, sensitivity, image quality simulations followed by a Derenzo-like phantom evaluation. The results suggest that all four SSA-SPECT systems can provide better than 0.063% system sensitivity and < 1.5 mm FWHM spatial resolution without resolution recovery or other correction techniques. Specifically, SSA-SPECT-1 showed a system sensitivity of 0.09% in combination with 1.1 mm FWHM spatial resolution.

关键词： Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc) Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA) Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPG, HgI etc) medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Quantitative evaluation of anatomical noise in chest digital tomosynthesis, digital radiography, and computed tomography

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2017年第4期12卷 T04006-T04006页

作者： Lee, D. Choi, S. Lee, H. Kim, D. Choi, S. Kim, H. -J. Yonsei Univ Res Inst Hlth Sci Dept Radiat Convergence Engn 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 220710 Gangwon South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Radiol Sci Coll Hlth Sci 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 220710 Gangwon South Korea

Lung cancer is currently the worldwide leading cause of death from cancer. Thus, detection of lung cancer at its early stages is critical for improving the survival rate of patients. Chest digital tomosynthesis (CDT) is a recently developed imaging modality, combining many advantages of digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT). This method has the potential to be widely used in the clinical setting. In this study, we introduce a developed CDT R/F system and compare its image quality with those of DR and CT, especially with respect to anatomical noise and lung nodule conspicuity, for LUNGMAN phantoms. The developed CDT R/F system consists of a CsI scintillator flat panel detector, X-ray tube, and tomosynthesis data acquisition geometry. For CDT R/F imaging, 41 projections were acquired at different angles, over the similar to 20 degrees angular range, in a linear translation geometry. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the CDT R/F system, the acquired images were compared with CT (Philips brilliance CT 64, Philips healthcare, U.S.) and DR (ADR-M, LISTEM, Korea) phantom images in terms of the anatomical noise power spectrum (aNPS). DR images exhibited low conspicuity for a small-size lung nodule, while CDT R/F and CT exhibited relatively high sensitivity for all lung nodule sizes. The aNPS of the CDT R/F system was better than that of DR, by resolving anatomical overlapping problems. In conclusion, the developed CDT R/F system is likely to contribute to early diagnosis of lung cancer, while requiring a relatively low patient dose, compared with CT.

关键词： computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software X-ray radiography and digital radiography (DR)

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Measurement and simulative proof concerning the visibility loss in x-ray Talbot-Lau Moire imaging

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2017年第12期12卷 T12007-T12007页

作者： Seifert, M. Gallersdoerfer, M. Horn, F. Ludwig, V. Schuster, M. Pelzer, G. Rieger, J. Michel, T. Anton, G. Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nuremberg ECAP Novel Detectors Med Phys Erwin Rommel Str 1 Erlangen Germany

X-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging is a very promising imaging technique for medical imaging and non-destructive testing. Simultaneously to the attenuation properties additional information about the phase-shift and the scattering properties of an object can be gained. Nevertheless, to obtain this information multiple shots per image have to be taken in the so-called phase-stepping process. Thus, it often is a time consuming imaging procedure. In contrast, Moire imaging with a Talbot-Lau interferometer is a very fast single-shot imaging method. To obtain the Moire pattern which encodes the object information the interferometer has to be slightly detuned. This leads to a loss in visibility and therefore to a loss in image quality compared to the more time consuming phase-stepping method. Thus, it is important for the Moire imaging method to evaluate the mechanisms of visibility loss. In this publication we present measurements and simulations investigating the visibility loss due to detuning the Talbot-Lau interferometer. Thus, a deeper understanding of Moire imaging can be gained.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software Simulation methods and programs X-ray radiography and digital radiography (DR)

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A fully automatic, threshold-based segmentation method for the estimation of the Metabolic Tumor Volume from PET images: validation on 3D printed anthropomorphic oncological lesions

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2016年第1期11卷 C01022-C01022页

作者： Gallivanone, F. Interlenghi, M. Canervari, C. Castiglioni, I. CNR Inst Mol Imaging & Physiol Flli Cervi 93 Segrate Mi Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst Div Nucl Med Via Olgettina 60 I-20132 Milan Italy

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a standard functional diagnostic technique to in vivo image cancer. Different quantitative paramters can be extracted from PET images and used as in vivo cancer biomarkers. Between PET biomarkers Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) has gained an important role in particular considering the development of patient-personalized radiotherapy treatment for non-homogeneous dose delivery. Different imaging processing methods have been developed to define MTV. The different proposed PET segmentation strategies were validated in ideal condition (e.g. in spherical objects with uniform radioactivity concentration), while the majority of cancer lesions doesn't fulfill these requirements. In this context, this work has a twofold objective: 1) to implement and optimize a fully automatic, threshold-based segmentation method for the estimation of MTV, feasible in clinical practice 2) to develop a strategy to obtain anthropomorphic phantoms, including non-spherical and non-uniform objects, miming realistic oncological patient conditions. The developed PET segmentation algorithm combines an automatic threshold-based algorithm for the definition of MTV and a k-means clustering algorithm for the estimation of the background. The method is based on parameters always available in clinical studies and was calibrated using NEMA IQ Phantom. Validation of the method was performed both in ideal (e.g. in spherical objects with uniform radioactivity concentration) and non-ideal (e.g. in non-spherical objects with a non-uniform radioactivity concentration) conditions. The strategy to obtain a phantom with synthetic realistic lesions (e.g. with irregular shape and a non-homogeneous uptake) consisted into the combined use of standard anthropomorphic phantoms commercially and irregular molds generated using 3D printer technology and filled with a radioactive chromatic alginate. The proposed segmentation algorithm was feasible in a clin

关键词： Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA) medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software Radiotherapy concepts

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Integrated ultrasound and gamma imaging probe for medical diagnosis

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2016年第3期11卷 C03037-C03037页

作者： Pani, R. Pellegrini, R. Cinti, M. N. Polito, C. Orlandi, C. Fabbri, A. De Vincentis, G. Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Sci & Med & Surg Biotechnol Rome Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Roma Sect 1 Rome Italy Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Mol Med Rome Italy Univ Roma La Sapienza SAIMLAL Dept Doctorate Sch Biol & Mol Med Morphogenesis & Tissue EngnCurriculum Cell & Tis Rome Italy Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp Dept Med Phys Enterprise Risk Management Rome Italy Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Radiol Sci Oncol & Anat Pathol Rome Italy

In the last few years, integrated multi-modality systems have been developed, aimed at improving the accuracy of medical diagnosis correlating information from different imaging techniques. In this contest, a novel dual modality probe is proposed, based on an ultrasound detector integrated with a small field of view single photon emission gamma camera. The probe, dedicated to visualize small organs or tissues located at short depths, performs dual modality images and permits to correlate morphological and functional information. The small field of view gamma camera consists of a continuous NaI:Tl scintillation crystal coupled with two multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. Both detectors were characterized in terms of position linearity and spatial resolution performances in order to guarantee the spatial correspondence between the ultrasound and the gamma images. Finally, dual-modality images of custom phantoms are obtained highlighting the good co-registration between ultrasound and gamma images, in terms of geometry and image processing, as a consequence of calibration procedures.

关键词： Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA) medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software Multi-modality systems

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