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Ginseng Extracts Restore High-Glucose Induced Vascular Dysfunctions by Altering Triglyceride Metabolism and Downregulation of Atherosclerosis-Related Genes

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 1-13页

作者： Chan, Gabriel Hoi-huen Law, Betty Yuen-kwan Chu, John Man-tak Yue, Kevin Kin-man Jiang, Zhi-hong Lau, Chi-wai Huang, Yu Chan, Shun-wan Yue, Patrick Ying-kit Wong, Ricky Ngok-shun Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Biol Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Sch Chinese Med Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Macau Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Qual Res Chinese Med Taipa Macau Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Sch Biomed Sci Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

The king of herbs, Panax ginseng, has been used widely as a therapeutic agent vis-a-vis its active pharmacological and physiological effects. Based on Chinese pharmacopeia Ben Cao Gang Mu and various pieces of literature, Panax ginseng was believed to exert active vascular protective effects through its antiobesity and anti-inflammation properties. We investigated the vascular protective effects of ginseng by administrating ginseng extracts to rats after the induction of diabetes. We found that Panax ginseng can restore diabetes-induced impaired vasorelaxation and can reduce serum triglyceride but not cholesterol level in the diabetic rats. The ginseng extracts also suppressed the expression of atherosclerosis-related genes and altered the expression of lipid-related genes. The results provide evidence that Panax ginseng improves vascular dysfunction induced by diabetes and the protective effects may possibly be due to the downregulation of atherosclerosis-related genes and altered lipid metabolism, which help to restore normal endothelium functions.

关键词： ATHEROSCLEROSIS ANALYSIS of variance ANIMAL experimentation ANTI-inflammatory agents DIABETES GINSENG CHINESE medicine OBESITY RATS RESEARCH -- Finance TRIGLYCERIDES QUANTITATIVE research microarray technology GENETIC aspects

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Cytotoxicity and Pharmacogenomics of Medicinal Plants from Traditional Korean Medicine

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 341724-341724页

作者： Kuete, Victor Seo, Ean-Jeong Krusche, Benjamin Oswald, Mira Wiench, Benjamin Schroeder, Sven Greten, Henry Johannes Lee, Ik-Soo Efferth, Thomas Univ Dschang Dept Biochem Fac Sci Dschang Cameroon Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz Dept Pharmaceut Biol Inst Pharm & Biochem D-55128 Mainz Germany Univ Hosp Eppendorf HanseMerkur Ctr Tradit Chinese Med Hamburg Germany Univ Porto Biomed Sci Inst Abel Salazar P-4100 Oporto Portugal Heidelberg Sch Chinese Med Heidelberg Germany Chonnam Natl Univ Coll Pharm Kwangju South Korea

Aim. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a panel of 280 Korean medicinal plants belonging to 73 families and 198 species against human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Selected phytochemicals were investigated in more detail for their mode of action. Methods. The resazurin assay was used to determine cytotoxicity of the plant extracts. microarray-based mRNA expression profiling, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify which genes correlate with sensitivity or resistance to selected phytochemicals of the Korean plants. Results. The results of the resazurin assay showed that cytotoxicity extracts tested at 10 mu g/mL from 13 samples inhibited proliferation more than 50% (IC50 < 10 mu g/mL) and the most active plants are Sedum middendorffianum (15.33%) and Lycoris radiata (17.61%). Out of 13 selected phytochemicals from these plants, hopeaphenol and deoxynarciclasine were the most cytotoxic ones. Genes from various functional groups (transcriptional or translational regulation, signal transduction, cellular proliferation, intracellular trafficking, RNA metabolism, endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum function, etc.) were significantly correlated with response of tumor cell lines to these two compounds. Conclusion. The results provide evidence on the possible use of selected Korean medicinal plants and chemical constituents derived from them for the treatment of tumors.

关键词： LEUKEMIA PREVENTION MEDICINAL plants ALTERNATIVE medicine ANTINEOPLASTIC agents BIOLOGICAL assay BIOLOGICAL models CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) COMPARATIVE studies CORRELATION (Statistics) DRUGS -- Dose-response relationship GENES PHYTOCHEMICALS PLANT extracts microarray technology DESCRIPTIVE statistics IN vitro studies DRUGS -- Physiological effect

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A Network Study of Chinese Medicine Xuesaitong Injection to Elucidate a Complex Mode of Action with Multicompound, Multitarget, and Multipathway

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 652373-652373页

作者： Wang, Linli Li, Zheng Zhao, Xiaoping Liu, Wei Liu, Yufeng Yang, Jihong Li, Xiang Fan, Xiaohui Cheng, Yiyu Zhejiang Univ Coll Pharmaceut Sci Pharmaceut Informat Inst Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med State Key Lab Modern Chinese Med Tianjin 300193 Peoples R China Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ Coll Preclin Med Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Chinese medicine has evolved from thousands of years of empirical applications and experiences of combating diseases. It has become widely recognized that the Chinese medicine acts through complex mechanisms featured as multicompound, multitarget and multipathway. However, there is still a lack of systematic experimental studies to elucidate the mechanisms of Chinese medicine. In this study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from myocardial infarction rat model treated with Xuesaitong Injection (XST), a Chinese medicine consisting of the total saponins from Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Chinese Sanqi). A network-based approach was developed to combine DEGs related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with lines of evidence from the literature mining to investigate the mechanism of action (MOA) of XST on antimyocardial infarction. A compound-target-pathway network of XST was constructed by connecting compounds to DEGs validated with literature lines of evidence and the pathways that are functionally enriched. Seventy potential targets of XST were identified in this study, of which 32 were experimentally validated either by our in vitro assays or by CVD-related literatures. This study provided for the first time a network view on the complex MOA of antimyocardial infarction through multiple targets and pathways.

关键词： ANIMAL experimentation BIOLOGICAL assay BIOLOGICAL models CELL culture GENE expression GINSENG HERBAL medicine CHINESE medicine MYOCARDIAL infarction RATS RESEARCH -- Finance WESTERN immunoblotting microarray technology IN vitro studies

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Rheumatoid Arthritis with Deficiency Pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine Shows Correlation with Cold and Hot Patterns in Gene Expression Profiles

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 248650-248650页

作者： Wang, Minzhi Chen, Gao Lu, Cheng Xiao, Cheng Li, Li Niu, Xuyan He, Xiaojuan Jiang, Miao Lu, Aiping Chinese Acad Tradit Chinese Med Inst Basic Res Clin Med Beijing 100700 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Sch Life Sci Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Sinojapan Friendship Hosp Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Sch Chinese Med Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Shanghai TCM Univ E Inst Shanghai Municipal Educ Commiss Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China

In our precious study, the correlation between cold and hot patterns in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and gene expression profiles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been explored. Based on TCM theory, deficiency pattern is another key pattern diagnosis among RA patients, which leads to a specific treatment principle in clinical management. Therefore, a further analysis was performed aiming at exploring the characteristic gene expression profile of deficiency pattern and its correlation with cold and hot patterns in RA patients by bioinformatics analysis approach based on gene expression profiles data detected with microarray technology. The TCM deficiency pattern-related genes network comprises 7 significantly, highly connected regions which are mainly involved in protein transcription processes, protein ubiquitination, toll-like receptor activated NF-kappa B regulated gene transcription and apoptosis, RNA clipping, NF-kappa B signal, nucleotide metabolism-related apoptosis, and immune response processes. Toll-like receptor activated NF-kappa B regulated gene transcription and apoptosis pathways are potential specific pathways related to TCM deficiency patterns in RA patients;TCM deficiency pattern is probably related to immune response. Network analysis can be used as a powerful tool for detecting the characteristic mechanism related to specific TCM pattern and the correlations between different patterns.

关键词： RHEUMATOID arthritis -- Diagnosis RHEUMATOID arthritis -- Genetic aspects APOPTOSIS COLD (Temperature) CORRELATION (Statistics) GENE expression HEAT IMMUNE system CHINESE medicine PHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCH RESEARCH -- Finance RHEUMATOID arthritis BIOINFORMATICS THEORY DATA analysis -- Software microarray technology SYMPTOMS

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Evaluation of a Propolis Water Extract Using a Reliable RP-HPLC Methodology and In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy and Safety Characterisation

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 670451-670451页

作者： Rocha, Bruno Alves Bueno, Paula Carolina Pires Lima Leite Vaz, Mirela Mara de Oliveira Nascimento, Andresa Piacezzi Ferreira, Nathalia Ursoli Moreno, Gabriela de Padua Rodrigues, Marina Rezende de Mello Costa-Machado, Ana Rita Barizon, Edna Aparecida Lima Campos, Jacqueline Costa de Oliveira, Pollyanna Francielli Acesio, Nathalia de Oliveira Lima Martins, Sabrina de Paula Tavares, Denise Crispim Berretta, Andresa Aparecida Apis Flora Ind & Comercial LTDA Lab Pesquisa Desenvolvimento & Inovacao P D & I BR-14020670 Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto Dept Quim BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Inst Quim BR-14800900 Araraquara SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Dept Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Univ Franca BR-14404600 Franca SP Brazil

Since the beginning of propolis research, several groups have studied its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. However, most of these studies have only employed propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) leading to little knowledge about the biological activities of propolis water extract (PWE). Based on this, in a previous study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of PWE. In order to better understand the equilibrium between effectiveness and toxicity, which is essential for a new medicine, the characteristics of PWE were analyzed. We developed and validated an RP-HPLC method to chemically characterize PWE and PEE and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant/antimicrobial activity for both extracts and the safety of PWE via determining genotoxic potential using in vitro and in vivo mammalian micronucleus assays. We have concluded that the proposed analytical methodology was reliable, and both extracts showed similar chemical composition. The extracts presented antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, while PWE demonstrated higher antioxidant activity and more efficacious for the most of the microorganisms tested than PEE. Finally, PWE was shown to be safe using micronucleus assays.

关键词： HIGH performance liquid chromatography EQUIPMENT & supplies SPECTROPHOTOMETRY GUMS & resins BIOLOGICAL assay -- Evaluation WATER EVALUATION BIOLOGICAL assay METHODOLOGY IMMUNOASSAY ANTIOXIDANTS -- Analysis ANALYSIS of variance ANIMAL experimentation BIOPHYSICS CORRELATION (Statistics) CULTURES (Biology) ETHANOL IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants IRON compounds MAMMALS RESEARCH -- Methodology RESEARCH -- Finance SAFETY STATISTICS T-test (Statistics) ULTRASONICS DATA analysis SECONDARY analysis DATA analysis -- Software microarray technology DESCRIPTIVE statistics IN vitro studies THERAPEUTIC use

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A Systems Biology Approach to Characterize Biomarkers for Blood Stasis Syndrome of Unstable Angina Patients by Integrating MicroRNA and Messenger RNA Expression Profiling

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 1-21页

作者： Wang, Jie Yu, Gui China Acad Chinese Med Sci Guanganmen Hosp Dept Cardiol Beijing 100053 Peoples R China

Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) has been considered to be the major type of syndromes in unstable angina (UA) patients. The aim of this study was to find the systems biology-based microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression biomarkers for BSS of UA. We identified 1081 mRNAs and 25 miRNAs differentially expressed between BSS of UA patients and healthy controls by microarrays. We used DAVID, miRTrail, and the protein-protein interactions method to explore the related pathways and networks of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. By combining the results of pathways and networks, we found that the upregulation of miR-146b-5p may induce the downregulation of CALR to attenuate inflammation and the upregulation of miR-199a-5p may induce the downregulation of TP53 to inhibit apoptosis in BSS of UA patients. The expression patterns of miR-146b-5p, miR-199a-5p, CALR, and TP53 were confirmed by qRT-PCR in an independent validation cohort including BBS of UA patients, non-BBS of UA patients, and healthy controls. miR-146b-5p, miR-199a-5p, CALR, and TP53 could be significant biomarkers of BSS of UA patients. The systems biology-based miRNA and mRNA expression biomarkers for the BSS of UA may be helpful for the further stratification of UA patients when deciding on interventions or clinical trials.

关键词： ANGINA pectoris DIAGNOSIS BIOCHEMICAL markers -- Therapeutic use ACADEMIC medical centers ANALYSIS of variance APOPTOSIS FISHER exact test POLYMERASE chain reaction RESEARCH -- Finance T-test (Statistics) U-statistics REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction DATA analysis -- Software microarray technology DESCRIPTIVE statistics

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Progression from Excessive to Deficient Syndromes in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Dynamical Network Analysis of miRNA Array Data

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EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013年第1期2013卷 945245-945245页

作者： Chen, Qi-Long Lu, Yi-Yu Zhang, Gui-Biao Song, Ya-Nan Zhou, Qian-Mei Zhang, Hui Zhang, Wei Su, Shi-Bing Shanghai Univ TCM Res Ctr TCM Complex Syst Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ TCM Shanghai Longhua Hosp Shanghai 200126 Peoples R China

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is regarded as a safe and effective method for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which requires a traditional diagnosis method to distinguish the TCM syndrome. In this study, we study the differences and similarities among excessive, excessive-deficient, and deficient syndromes, by an integrative and comparative analysis of weighted miRNA expression or miRNA-target network in CHB patients. We first calculated the differential expressed miRNAs based on random module t-test and classified three CHB TCM syndromes using SVM method. Then, miRNA target genes were obtained by validated database and predicted programs subsequently, the weighted miRNA-target networks were constructed for different TCM syndromes. Furthermore, prioritize target genes of networks of CHB TCM syndromes progression analyzed using DAVID online analysis. The results have shown that the difference between TCM syndromes is distinctly based on hierarchical cluster and network structure. GO and pathway analysis implicated that three CHB syndromes more likely have different molecular mechanisms, while the excessive-deficient and deficient syndromes are more dangerous than excessive syndrome in the process of tumorigenesis. This study suggested that miRNAs are important mediators for TCM syndromes classification as well as CHB development progression and therefore could be potential diagnosis and therapeutic molecular markers.

关键词： HEPATITIS B HEPATOMA PREVENTION ACADEMIC medical centers CHINESE medicine RESEARCH -- Finance RNA T-test (Statistics) TUMOR markers SEVERITY of illness index microarray technology GENETIC aspects

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Analysis of Giardia lamblia Interactions with Polymer Surfaces Using a microarray Approach

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & technology 2012年第4期46卷 2179-2186页

作者： Pickering, Harry Wu, Mei Bradley, Mark Bridle, Helen Univ Edinburgh Sch Chem Edinburgh EH9 3JJ Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Inst Infrastruct & Environm Edinburgh EH9 3JL Midlothian Scotland

The interaction of the waterborne protozoan parasite, Giardia lamblia, with polymeric materials was investigated by microarray screening of 652 polymers. Polymers were identified which either bound G. lamblia cysts or prevented their binding. Correlation of material properties such as wettability and surface roughness with cyst attachment revealed no influence of these factors upon Giardia adhesion. However, the study of polymer composition allowed the correlation of binding and generation of polymer structure function relationships;glycol and aromatic functionalities appeared to prevent adhesion, whereas secondary amine groups promoted adhesion, in agreement with previous literature. A significant reduction in attachment was observed following both cyst treatments with proteinase K and performing experiments at extremes of pH (2 and 12). It is suggested that proteinase K removes the proteins needed for specific surface interactions, whereas extremes of pH influence either protonation of the polymer or the surface charge of the cysts. The mechanism by which the protozoa attach to polymeric surfaces is proposed to be through ion-pair interactions. Improved understanding of G. lamblia surface interactions could assist in predicting transport and fate behavior in the environment and contribute to better design of water treatment processes, while the polymers identified in this work could find use in sensor applications and membrane filtration.

关键词： GIARDIA lamblia MICROORGANISMS -- Adhesion MICROBIAL cysts microarray technology POLYMERS -- Analysis SURFACE chemistry

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Specific Multiplex Analysis of Pathogens Using a Direct 165 rRNA Hybridization in microarray System

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012年第11期84卷 4873-4879页

作者： Hwang, Byeong Hee Shin, Hwa Hui Seo, Jeong Hyun Cha, Hyung Joon Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem Engn Pohang 790784 South Korea

For the rapid multiplex analysis of pathogens, 16S rRNAs from cell lysates were directly applied onto a DNA microarray at room temperature (RT) for RNA-DNA hybridization. To eliminate the labeling step, seven fluorescent-labeled detector probes were cohybridized with 16S rRNA targets and adjacent specific capture probes. We found that eight pathogens were successfully discriminated by the 16S rRNA-based direct method, which showed greater specificity than the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-labeled method due to chaperone and distance effects. A new specificity criterion for a perfect match between RNA and DNA was suggested to be 21-41% dissimilarity using correlation analysis between the mismatch and the sequence according to the guanine cytosine (GC) percentage or the distribution of mismatches. Six categories of food matrix (egg, meat, milk, rice, vegetable, and mixed) were also tested, and the target pathogen was successfully discriminated within statistically significant levels. Finally, we found that the intrinsic abundance of 16S rRNA molecules successfully substituted PCR-based amplification with a low limit of detection of 10-10(3) cells mL(-1) and a high quantitative linear correlation. Collectively, our suggested 16S rRNA-based direct method enables the highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative analysis of selected pathogens at RT within 2 h, even in food samples.

关键词： PATHOGENIC microorganisms RIBOSOMAL RNA NUCLEIC acid hybridization microarray technology MULTIPLEXING (Telecommunication) DNA microarrays POLYMERASE chain reaction

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Functional Interaction Analysis of GM1-Related Carbohydrates and Vibrio cholerae Toxins Using Carbohydrate microarray

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012年第15期84卷 6884-6890页

作者： Kim, Chang Sup Seo, Jeong Hyun Cha, Hyung Joon Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem Engn Pohang 790784 South Korea

The development of analytical tools is important for understanding the infection mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria or viruses. In the present work, a functional carbohydrate microarray combined with a fluorescence immunoassay was developed to analyze the interactions of Vibrio cholerae toxin (ctx) proteins and GM1-related carbohydrates. Ctx proteins were loaded onto the surface-immobilized GM1 pentasaccharide and six related carbohydrates, and their binding affinities were detected immunologically. The analysis of the ctx-carbohydrate interactions revealed that the intrinsic selectivity of do( was GM1 pentasaccharide >> GM2 tetrasaccharide > asialo >= GM1 tetrasaccharide >= GM3trisaccharide, indicating that a two-finger grip formation and the terminal monosaccharides play important roles in the ctx-GM1 interaction. In addition, whole cholera toxin (ctxAB(5)) had a stricter substrate specificity and a stronger binding affinity than only the cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB). On the basis of the quantitative analysis, the carbohydrate microarray showed the sensitivity of detection of the ctxAB(5)-GM1 interaction with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 2 ng mL(-1) (23 pM), which is comparable to other reported high sensitivity assay tools. In addition, the carbohydrate microarray successfully detected the actual toxin directly secreted from V. cholerae, without showing cross-reactivity to other bacteria. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the functional carbohydrate microarray is suitable for analyzing toxin protein-carbohydrate interactions and can be applied as a biosensor for toxin detection.

关键词： IMMUNOASSAY METHODOLOGY INFECTION RESEARCH CHOLERA toxin microarray technology MICROBIAL sensitivity tests TOXINS -- Analysis CARBOHYDRATES -- Analysis

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