This research aims to evaluate the use of drones to deliver pediatric vaccines in remote areas of low-income and low-middle-income countries. Delivering vaccines in these regions is challenging because of the inadequa...
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This research aims to evaluate the use of drones to deliver pediatric vaccines in remote areas of low-income and low-middle-income countries. Delivering vaccines in these regions is challenging because of the inadequate road networks and long transportation distances that make it difficult to maintain the cold chain's integrity during delivery. We propose a mixed-integer linear program to determine the location of drone hubs to facilitate vaccine delivery. The model considers the operational attributes of drones, vaccine wastage in the supply chain, cold storage, and transportation capacities. We develop a case study using data from Niger to determine the impact of drone deliveries in improving vaccine availability. Based on our numerical analysis, regional centers should be considered potential locations for drone hubs. We demonstrate that outreach sessions supported by drone deliveries of vaccines can improve vaccine availability. These improvements depend on the available budget to build drone hubs and purchase drones, available cold storage capacity, and the population density in the study region.
Rotary transfer machines are widely used in different industrial sectors. A rich literature concerning their design and optimisation is available, but mainly dedicated to integrated machining systems. This machine arc...
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Rotary transfer machines are widely used in different industrial sectors. A rich literature concerning their design and optimisation is available, but mainly dedicated to integrated machining systems. This machine architecture is also implemented in the aluminium gravity die casting technology where the specificity of the casting process needs an appropriate design. In particular, the constraints related to processing times and the rigidity of the production sequence impose a specific approach to schedule the production for achieving an optimal cycle time. We approach this problem with an optimisation perspective: first we propose a mixed-integer linear programming formulation for defining the sequencing and scheduling of the machine in order to obtain a specified production with minimum makespan, and discuss strategies for enumerating the variables of the formulation. Second, we describe a heuristic algorithm as an alternative to the solution of the formulation through a general-purpose solver. Eventually, we present extensive computational experiments on a set of instances generated from real data, comparing these alternative approaches.
The machine layout problem (MLP) is to determine the optimal location arrangement of machines in a production system, usually in order to minimize the total material transmission distance. This article considers a typ...
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The machine layout problem (MLP) is to determine the optimal location arrangement of machines in a production system, usually in order to minimize the total material transmission distance. This article considers a type of MLP in an automated manufacturing system with unequal-area machines, machine replicas, and taking multi-row multi-column layout structure. The aim is to determine the near-optimal machine layout and orbit layout simultaneously. We model the problem as a mixed-integer linear program by introducing the concept of orbit-based relative locations and using auxiliary binary variables, including relative location assignment variables, in-block relationship variables, and material routing variables. We further exploit the optimal layout patterns, based on which, when the relative locations of the machines and orbits are given, we can quickly derive the near-optimal absolute machine and orbit positions without solving a mixed-integer linear program. A two-layer hybrid heuristic method is proposed to solve the problem: the outer layer is a variable neighborhood search metaheuristic used to explore the solution space of the relative locations, while the inner layer is a recursive heuristic based on the optimal layout patterns. Experiments on instances of different sizes are conducted, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are verified. Note to Practitioners-Many manufacturing systems, for example, those in the semiconductor industry, use automated guided vehicles running on orbits to transfer materials between machines. The design of such a manufacturing system consists of determining the numbers of vertical and horizontal orbits, their positions, and the positions of all machines. It is not unusual for there to be hundreds of machines. Furthermore, machines of the same type can be deployed non-adjacently in an automated transfer context since materials can easily be transmitted to an arbitrary machine. The flexibility and complexity
The computational efficiency of unit commitment (UC) is important for power system operations. Traditionally the unit commitment problem is solved per hour in a day, but with the scale of the power system and the elec...
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The computational efficiency of unit commitment (UC) is important for power system operations. Traditionally the unit commitment problem is solved per hour in a day, but with the scale of the power system and the electricity market continuing to expand, the large-scale UC problem will be hard to be solved within 1 h which will affect the power system operation and market clearing. To reduce the solving time of the large-scale UC problem, an ultra-fast optimization algorithm of neural branching for unit commitment (NBUC) is proposed. NBUC learns the branch and bound (B&B) decision made by full strong branching (FSB), which can generate the perfect B&B order to minimize the iterative process but take a lot of time to decide the perfect order by using graph convolutional neural network according to the historical data, and then makes the perfect order prediction with a certain precision without spending a lot of time to make B&B decision which minimizes the solving time including the iteration time and decision time in order to solve the large-scale UC problem quickly. A modified RTS-96 bus system is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed NBUC. The results show 9.3% and 23.2% reductions in computational time compared with commercial software CPLEX and SCIP. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Innovation in logistics industry is now implicit, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is at the center of logistics innovation. To effectively utilize unmanned aerial vehicles for last-mile delivery, collaborative...
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Innovation in logistics industry is now implicit, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is at the center of logistics innovation. To effectively utilize unmanned aerial vehicles for last-mile delivery, collaborative delivery using ground vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles has recently been investigated. However, previous studies neglected proper management of batteries, assuming their constant replacement whenever unmanned aerial vehicles land, and hence numerous batteries are required for unmanned aerial vehicles. Given this research gap, we present a new routing model for collaborative delivery wherein an unmanned aerial vehicle uses a ground vehicle as a power source. A mathematical formulation is presented, and noticing the complexity, a heuristic algorithm is developed. We present a case study to verify the operational efficiency of the model. We test the performance of the heuristic and draw insights based on geographical locations of customers via computational experiments.
The optimization of inbound logistics from first-tier suppliers at the aggregation level of a factory is a challenging coordination problem. In practice, different transport modes and multiple constraints exist and ne...
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The optimization of inbound logistics from first-tier suppliers at the aggregation level of a factory is a challenging coordination problem. In practice, different transport modes and multiple constraints exist and need to be taken into account: the available number of storage places, capacity of goods-entry, delivery profile and transportation pattern constraints, truck utilization, demand satisfaction, and the reverse flow of empty load carriers. A scalable solution method that is tailored to an automotive factory is currently not available. Optimization is usually carried out manually, e.g. experience-based or by using decision trees that follow an iterative optimization approach. Most of the mathematical models in the literature only deal with parts of the requirements and do not validate results in the required complexity. We present a mixed-integer linear programming approach to solve this complex problem using Gurobi. The solution capability and quality are enhanced by the introduction of a cyclic inventory constraint and valid inequalities. The evaluation of the approach is based on a case study of a German automotive factory with 570 suppliers and 3927 stock keeping units and reduces the as-is total cost by 33.86%. Additionally, CO2 emissions are reduced by 74.66%. We further show that variable order quantities, along with a courier and express service as an additional transport mode, are of high economic relevance. As part of a sensitivity analysis, we show how the total costs change, when (a) goods-entry handling constraints, (b) truck utilization, (c) storage constraints, or (d) transportation costs vary, and (e) the effect of a cyclic inventory constraint.
Pumped storage hydro (PSH) plant is a valuable resource with storage and fast ramp capabilities, which can manage the intermittency of renewable energy. An accurate model for the input-output curve of PSH plant can ca...
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Pumped storage hydro (PSH) plant is a valuable resource with storage and fast ramp capabilities, which can manage the intermittency of renewable energy. An accurate model for the input-output curve of PSH plant can capture its varying efficiency feature and enable accurate evaluations of available generating/pumping capability. However, the trade-off between approximation accuracy and computation time poses a significant challenge for input-output curve modeling. In this paper, we develop a hypograph-relaxation-based input-output curve modeling framework, wherein sufficient conditions for exact hypograph relaxation are defined, proved, and analyzed for fixed-speed PSH considering the value of water in the upper reservoir. Under this framework, a novel disjunctive convex hull model is proposed to balance the aforementioned trade-off. Our model can take advantage of high accuracy in time-consuming piece-wise approximation models, and acceptable computation burden in less-accurate convex hull models. To divide a given input-output curve into various components that can be approximated by their respective convex hulls, we propose to use an approximate convex decomposition (ACD) based approach. The proposed model is tested for profit maximization problems using real-world Ludington PSH station data. Numerical results demonstrated the superior computational advantage of the proposed approach.
Power system restoration requires initial power sources to restart generators, energizing transmissions, and pick up critical loads. Sufficient initial power capacity is critical for restoration success and reducing o...
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Power system restoration requires initial power sources to restart generators, energizing transmissions, and pick up critical loads. Sufficient initial power capacity is critical for restoration success and reducing outage duration. Due to the reliability requirement and high standby costs, black-start resources are scarce and expensive in areas where hydro power is not available. Variable renewable energy (VRE), whose fast-ramping capability and economical standby costs are suitable for black-start, is traditionally excluded from participation in system restoration because its uncertainty and variability could cause severe disturbance to the system that is already fragile during restoration. Recently, VRE is becoming a potential participant in system restoration as auxiliary black-start resources. This work will explore the potential benefits of renewable energy in restoration and potential ways for VRE to participate in system restoration. We propose two dispatch models for wind participation. The uncertainty of wind generation is handled by probabilistic constraints to guarantee a feasible restoration plan with a high probability. We perform computational experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed models and benefits of renewable participation in restoration with the two approaches.
Decarbonisation of the supply chain necessitates the control of carbon emissions along with the minimisation of cost. This is quite challenging in a multi-echelon supply chain involving multiple suppliers, multiple pr...
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Decarbonisation of the supply chain necessitates the control of carbon emissions along with the minimisation of cost. This is quite challenging in a multi-echelon supply chain involving multiple suppliers, multiple products, multiple time periods and multimodal transportation. This research deals with the design of a decarbonised supply chain network, under a dynamic environment, considering carbon emissions at various stages of the supply chain. A mixed-integer linear program (MILP) has been developed for a four-echelon supply chain. The problem is solved by using two approaches. The integrated approach, which considers the entire supply chain network as a single entity, yields better results in terms of profitability and more so, when the selling price is lower. Scenario analysis reveals that as the carbon cap reduces, the gross profit shows concomitant reduction and when the former goes below a threshold value, carbon procurement becomes necessary lowering the gross profit further. As the carbon price per unit increases, the gross profit initially decreases and then stabilises. This study contributes by developing an integrated dynamic supply chain network model incorporating carbon emissions at different stages.
Opportunities for stochastic arbitrage in an options market arise when it is possible to construct a portfolio of options which provides a positive option premium and which, when combined with a direct investment in t...
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Opportunities for stochastic arbitrage in an options market arise when it is possible to construct a portfolio of options which provides a positive option premium and which, when combined with a direct investment in the underlying asset, generates a payoff which stochastically dominates the payoff from the direct investment in the underlying asset. We provide linear and mixed-integer linear programs for computing the stochastic arbitrage opportunity providing the maximum option premium to an investor. We apply our programs to 18 years of data on monthly put and call options on the Standard & Poors 500 index, finding no evidence that stochastic arbitrage opportunities are systematically present. A skewed specification of the underlying market return distribution with a constant market risk premium and constant multiplicative variance risk premium is broadly consistent with the pricing of market index options at moderate strikes.
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