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Optimizing biogas plants with excess power unit and storage capacity in electricity and control reserve markets

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY 2014年 65卷 125-135页

作者： Hochloff, Patrick Braun, Martin Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol D-34119 Kassel Germany Univ Kassel Kassel Germany

Increasing shares of intermittent power sources such as solar and wind will require biomass fueled generation more variable to respond to the increasing volatility of supply and demand. Furthermore, renewable energy sources will need to provide ancillary services. Biogas plants with excess generator capacity and gas storages can adapt the unit commitment to the demand and the market prices, respectively. This work presents a method of day-ahead unit commitment of biogas plants with excess generator capacity and gas storage participating in short-term electricity and control reserve markets. A biogas plant with 0.6 MW annual average electric output is examined in a case study under German market conditions. For this biogas plant different sizes of the power units and the gas storage are compared in consideration of costs and benefits of installing excess capacity. For optimal decisions depending on prices, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is presented. The results show that earnings of biogas plants in electricity markets are increased by additional supplying control reserve. Furthermore, increasing the installed capacity from 0.6 MW to 1 MW (factor 1.7) leads to the best cost benefit-ratio in consideration of additional costs of excess capacity and additional market revenues. However, the result of the cost benefit-analysis of installing excess capacity is still negative. Considering the EEG flexibility premium, introduced in 2012 in the German renewable energy sources act, the result of the cost benefit-analysis is positive. The highest profit is achieved with an increase of the installed capacity from 0.6 MW to 2 MW (factor 3.3). (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biogas plants Gas storage Unit commitment mixed-integer linear programming Electricity market Ancillary services

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mixed-integer linear methods for layout-optimization of screening systems in recovered paper production

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OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING 2014年第2期15卷 533-573页

作者： Fuegenschuh, Armin Hayn, Christine Michaels, Dennis Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg Helmut Schmidt Univ D-22043 Hamburg Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg D-91058 Erlangen Germany Tech Univ Dortmund D-44227 Dortmund Germany

The industrial treatment of waste paper in order to regain valuable fibers from which recovered paper can be produced, involves several steps of preparation. One important step is the separation of stickies that are normally attached to the paper. If not properly separated, remaining stickies reduce the quality of the recovered paper or even disrupt the production process. For the mechanical separation process of fibers from stickies a separator screen is used. This machine has one input feed and two output streams, called the accept and the reject. In the accept the fibers are concentrated, whereas the reject has a higher concentration of stickies. The machine can be controlled by setting its reject rate. But even when the reject rate is set properly, after just a single screening step, the accept still has too many stickies, or the reject too many fibers. To get a better separation, several separators have to be assembled into a network. From a mathematical point of view this problem can be seen as a multi-commodity network flow design problem with a nonlinear, controllable distribution function at each node. We present a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model for the simultaneous selection of the network's topology and the optimal setting of each separator. Numerical results are obtained via different types of linearization of the nonlinearities and the use of mixed-integer linear solvers, and compared with state-of-the-art global optimization software.

关键词： mixed-integer linear programming Nonlinear programming Piecewise linear approximation Global optimization linear relaxation Topology optimization Network design

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ISO's Optimal Strategies for Scheduling the Hourly Demand Response in Day-Ahead Markets

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2014年第6期29卷 2636-2645页

作者： Parvania, Masood Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmud Shahidehpour, Mohammad Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA Sharif Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Ctr Excellence Power Syst Control & Management Tehran 113659363 Iran IIT Galvin Ctr Elect Innovat Chicago IL 60616 USA

This paper presents a hierarchical demand response (DR) bidding framework in the day-ahead energy markets which integrates customer DR preferences and characteristics in the ISO's market clearing process. In the proposed framework, load aggregators submit aggregated DR offers to the ISO which would centrally optimize final decisions on aggregators' DR contributions in wholesale markets. The hourly load reduction strategies include load shifting and curtailment and the use of onsite generation and energy storage systems. The ISO applies mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to the solution of the proposed DR model in the day-ahead market clearing problem. The proposed model is implemented using a 6-bus system and the IEEE-RTS, and several studies are conducted to demonstrate the merits of the proposed DR model.

关键词： Day-ahead scheduling equivalent load aggregation hourly demand response mixed-integer linear programming

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Self-scheduling for energy and spinning reserve of wind/CSP plants by a MILP approach

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ENERGY 2014年 78卷 524-534页

作者： Pousinho, H. M. I. Silva, H. Mendes, V. M. F. Collares-Pereira, M. Cabrita, C. Pereira Univ Evora Dept Phys P-7002554 Evora Portugal Inst Super Tecn IDMEC LAETA P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Engn Lisboa Dept Elect Engn & Automat P-1950062 Lisbon Portugal Univ Beira Interior C1SE P-6201001 Covilha Portugal

This paper is on the self-scheduling for a power producer taking part in day-ahead joint energy and spinning reserve markets and aiming at a short-term coordination of wind power plants with concentrated solar power plants having thermal energy storage. The short-term coordination is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem given as the maximization of profit subjected to technical operation constraints, including the ones related to a transmission line. Probability density functions are used to model the variability of the hourly wind speed and the solar irradiation in regard to a negative correlation. Case studies based on an Iberian Peninsula wind and concentrated solar power plants are presented, providing the optimal energy and spinning reserve for the short-term self-scheduling in order to unveil the coordination benefits and synergies between wind and solar resources. Results and sensitivity analysis are in favour of the coordination, showing an increase on profit, allowing for spinning reserve, reducing the need for curtailment, increasing the transmission line capacity factor. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wind/CSP self-scheduling mixed-integer linear programming Spinning reserve Transmission constraints

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Disjunctive fuzzy optimisation for planning and synthesis of bioenergy-based industrial symbiosis system

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014年第1期2卷 652-664页

作者： Ng, Rex T. L. Ng, Denny K. S. Tan, Raymond R. El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. Univ Nottingham Dept Chem & Environm Engn Ctr Excellence Green Technol Malaysia CampusBroga Rd Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia GGS Eco Solut Sdn Bhd Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia De La Salle Univ Ctr Engn & Sustainable Dev Res Manila 1004 Philippines Texas A&M Univ Dept Chem Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

This paper presents a systematic approach for planning and synthesis of bioenergy-based industrial symbiosis (BBIS) which involves biorefineries, existing milling facilities and combined heat and power (CHP) plants, where the processing facilities are managed by different owners. As each owner has its own profit-oriented goals, and thus the concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) is needed to facilitate their cooperation. A novel disjunctive fuzzy optimisation approach is introduced to determine the optimum pathways based on processing plants' declared interests. In cases where any processing plant's interest is not satisfied, that party can elect to withdraw from the BBIS scheme;such decisions are reflected via disjunctive fuzzy optimisation. The optimum network configuration with the maximum economic performance can be determined based on the proposed approach, and individual interests of participating owners are equitably satisfied within mutually agreed bounds. A palm oil industrial case study is used to illustrate the proposed approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： BBIS bioenergy-based industrial symbiosis CHP combined heat and power DLF dried long fibre EFBs empty fruit bunches EIP eco-industrial park FFBs fresh fruit bunches GDP generalised disjunctive programming HPS high pressure steam IS industrial symbiosis LPS low pressure steam MILP mixed-integer linear programming MIND Method for Analysis of Industrial Energy Systems MPS medium pressure steam PKS palm kernel shell PMF palm mesocarp fibre POB palm oil-based biorefinery POM palm oil mill POPC palm oil processing complex PSE process system engineering

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Minimizing waiting times at transitional nodes for public bus transportation in Greece

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OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2014年第3期14卷 341-359页

作者： Saharidis, George K. D. Dimitropoulos, Charalampos Skordilis, Erotokritos Univ Thessaly Leoforos Athinon Dept Mech Engn Volos 38834 Greece Kathikas Inst Res & Technol Paphos Cyprus

Scheduling of transit networks is one of the most addressed problems in the mathematical optimization science, due to the increase of public transportation in the last decade. Researchers have introduced various formulations to address the problem of timetabling, using different objectives like bus synchronization and passenger demand. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation with the objective of minimizing passenger waiting times at transitional transfer nodes, taking also into consideration high passenger demand that occurs at certain times.

关键词： Minimizing waiting time Public transportation mixed-integer linear programming Transitional nodes

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Energy Management of a Multi-Agent Based Multi-Microgrid System 6

Energy Management of a Multi-Agent Based Multi-Microgrid Sys...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (IEEE PES APPEEC)

作者： Ren, J. S. Tan, K. T. Sivaneasan, B. So, P. L. Gunawan, E. Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479975372

This paper presents a model-based optimization algorithm for short-term energy trading in a multi-microgrid system. The multi-microgrid system has a hierarchical design architecture which is based on the Multi-Agent System (MAS) concept. mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) which takes into consideration multiple constraints is used to obtain the optimum amount of power that will be generated, sold, or stored for the Energy Management System (EMS) of the multi-microgrid system at different time intervals. By using the proposed optimization algorithm, the EMS will ensure that power balance in the multi-microgrid system is achieved through energy trading between different interconnecting microgrids. The proposed optimization algorithm and hierarchical multi-microgrid system design architecture have the capability to ensure that the multi-microgrid system operates in a coordinated and economic manner. The design concept is demonstrated through different test case scenarios and the results obtained are discussed.

关键词： Hierarchical architecture energy management multi-agent system multi-microgrid mixed-integer linear programming

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Stochastic Optimization Formulations for Reliability Unit Commitment Runs

Stochastic Optimization Formulations for Reliability Unit Co...

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IEEE PES General Meeting

作者： Pan, Kai Lu, Yang Guan, Yongpei Watson, Jean-Paul Univ Florida Dept Ind & Syst Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479964154

To address the uncertainties caused by the penetration of intermittent renewable energy, most ISOs/RTOs perform day-ahead and look-ahead reliability unit commitment (RUC) runs, ensuring sufficient generation capacity available in real time to accommodate the uncertainties. Two-stage stochastic optimization models have been studied extensively to strengthen the RUC runs, while multi-stage stochastic optimization models were barely studied. In this paper, we investigate the unit commitment and economic dispatch decision differences generated by these two approaches considering the load uncertainties in the system. The stochasticity is represented by a set of scenarios for the two-stage model and a scenario tree for the multi-stage case.

关键词： Unit commitment mixed-integer linear programming two-stage stochastic optimization multi-stage stochastic optimization

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Tighter Security Bound of MIBS Block Cipher against Differential Attack 8

Tighter Security Bound of MIBS Block Cipher against Differen...

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8th International Conference on Network and System Security (NSS)

作者： Ma, Xiaoshuang Hu, Lei Sun, Siwei Qiao, Kexin Shan, Jinyong Chinese Acad Sci Inst Informat Engn State Key Lab Informat Secur Beijing 100093 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783319116983;9783319116976

Automatically calculating a lower bound of the number of differentially active S-boxes by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is a technique proposed by Mouha et al. in 2011 and it can significantly reduce the time spent on security evaluation of a cipher and decrease the possibility of human errors in cryptanalysis. In this paper, we apply the MILP method to analyze the security of MIBS, a lightweight block cipher proposed by Izadi et al. in 2009. By adding more constraints in the MILP problem, we get tighter lower bounds on the numbers of differentially active S-boxes in MIBS. We show that for MIBS, 18 rounds of iterations are sufficient to resist against single-key differential attack, and 39 rounds are secure against related-key differential cryptanalysis.

关键词： MIBS block cipher Differential attack Active S-box mixed-integer linear programming

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A New Optimization Model for Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks

A New Optimization Model for Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networ...

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IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ITMC)

作者： Elahi, Behin Franchetti, Matthew Univ Toledo MIME Dept Toledo OH 43606 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479933129

Increasing environmental concerns require businesses to become more responsive to products that either have been returned or that are at the end of their useful lives. Organization's responsiveness and their reactions toward life cycles of products are critical to achieve sustained success once fluctuations are recurrent and the business environments are turbulent. Life cycles are getting shorter, and efficient handling can save large amounts of cash since many materials can be extracted, reused, and redistributed. Reverse Logistics (RL) and Closed Loop Supply Chains (CLSC) have garnered growing interest as a way to manage this reverse flow of products in a cost effective way. It is discernible that the degree of complexity in closed loop networks is usually higher than open networks. In a closed loop supply chain network, the attempt is to ensure a smooth flow of materials as well as extracting the maximum value from returning and end-of-life goods. Reduction of waste and generating profit for enterprises are two paramount achievements through integrating forward and reverse logistics. By considering various proposed conceptual models for CLSC, in this study at first we present a comprehensive applicable conceptual model. Then, we specifically focus on a CLSC network, which includes multiple plants, collection centers, demand markets, and products. To this aim, a generalized proposed mixed-integer linear programming model is presented that minimizes the total cost. The objective is to know how many, which production plants and Return Processors (Collection sites) should be open, which products, and in which quantities should have stuck. The goal of this model is to minimize the supply chain waste and reduce supply chain costs. In such a way, the supply chain system can be agile, integrated, robust, and lean. The proposed model can be extended to consider more environmental factors. Moreover, the efficacy and efficiency of that have been validated by case study and

关键词： Closed Loop Supply Chain Product Life Cycle Remanufacturing Optimization mixed-integer linear programming

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