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Optimal Restoration of Active Distribution Systems With Voltage Control and Closed-Loop Operation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2021年第3期12卷 2295-2306页

作者： Vargas, Renzo Macedo, Leonardo H. Home-Ortiz, Juan M. Sanches Mantovani, Jose Roberto Romero, Ruben Sao Paulo State Univ Dept Elect Engn BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira Brazil

This article presents a new mixed-integer second-order cone programming model for solving the restoration problem in active distribution systems considering the optimal control of distributed generators (DGs), voltage regulators (VRs), on-load tap changers (OLTCs), and capacitor banks (CBs). In contrast to most of the works found in the literature, temporary loops may be formed in the network during the restorative operation state. This operating condition allows restoring the service to more loads. In this way, the objective function of the problem minimizes (i) the total load not supplied, (ii) the number of switching operations, (iii) the changes in the statuses of the voltage control devices and in the dispatch of the DGs, and (iv) the number of basic loops formed in the system. Several tests are carried out using a 53-node system for single-fault and multiple-fault scenarios. The results obtained with the proposed approach outperform the solutions achieved when only radial configurations are allowed in the problem. Moreover, it is also verified that the voltage control allows for more efficient restoration schemes.

关键词： Voltage control Substations Topology Switches Reactive power Network topology programming Distributed generation distribution systems restoration mixed-integer second-order cone programming temporary closed-loop operation voltage-dependent models

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Analysis of strategic bidding of a DER aggregator in energy markets through the Stackelberg game model with the mixed-integer lower-level problem

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2023年第1期152卷

作者： Lei, Zhenxing Liu, Mingbo Shen, Zhijun South China Univ Technol Sch Elect Power Engn Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Guangdong Key Lab Clean Energy Technol Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Elect Power Dispatching Control Ctr Guangdong Grid Guangzhou 510600 Peoples R China

An open electricity market environment provides sufficient conditions for a distributed energy resource (DER) aggregator to participate in the day-ahead electricity market. Therefore, a one-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game model is developed to analyze the strategic bidding behavior of a DER aggregator and one of the lower -level problems is to check the security of the distribution system (DS), which is elaborated by the mixed -integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model considering the active power loss and discrete con-trols in the DS. Moreover, we first use the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)-based reformulation approach to trans-form the model into a one-leader one-follower model. However, the objective function of the upper-level model cannot be completely linearized by using the strong dual theorem because the active power loss of the DS is considered in the lower-level security check problem. Therefore, we propose a piecewise linear approximation approach based on the data-driven algorithm to linearize the upper-level objective function. Moreover, we apply multivariate linear surrogation to transform this one-leader one-follower model into a single-level MISOCP model. Finally, we verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm by comparing it with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in a small integrated transmission and distribution (T&D) system and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a practical integrated T&D system.

关键词： Distributed energy resource aggregator Strategic bidding mixed-integer second-order cone programming Security check Piecewise linear approximation Multivariate linear surrogation

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Advanced Flexibility Support through DSO-Coordinated Participation of DER Aggregators in the Balancing Market

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ENERGIES 2023年第8期16卷 3440页

作者： Lazovic, Dorde Durisic, Zeljko Univ Belgrade Sch Elect Engn Belgrade 11000 Serbia

Future power systems with a high share of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy portfolio will have an increasing need for active power balancing. The integration of controllable and more flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) at the distribution-grid level represents a new solution and a sustainable alternative to conventional generation units for providing balancing services to the transmission system operator (TSO). Considering that the extensive participation of DERs in ancillary services may lead to the violation of limits in the distribution network, the distribution system operator (DSO) needs to have a more active role in this process. In this paper, a framework is presented that allows the DSO, as the central coordinator of the aggregators, to participate in the balancing market (BM) as a balancing service provider (BSP). The developed mathematical model is based on the mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) approach and allows for determination of the limits of active power flexibility at the point of the TSO-DSO connection, formation of the dependence of the price/quantity curve, and achievement of the optimal dispatch of each DER after clearing the balancing market. The simulation results are presented and verified on modified IEEE distribution networks.

关键词： aggregators distributed energy resources balancing market TSO-DSO coordination balancing service provider mixed-integer second-order cone programming

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Increasing the RES Hosting Capacity in Distribution Systems Through Reconfiguration with Closed-Loop Operation and Voltage Control 4

Increasing the RES Hosting Capacity in Distribution Systems ...

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4th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)

作者： Home-Ortiz, Juan M. Macedo, Leonardo H. Vargas, Renzo Romero, Ruben Sanches Mantovani, Jose Roberto Catalao, Joao P. S. Sao Paulo State Univ Dept Elect Engn Ilha Solteira Brazil Fed Univ ABC UFABC Engn Modeling & Appl Social Sci Ctr Santo Andre SP Brazil FEUP Porto Portugal INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176604

This paper presents a novel mixed-integer second-order cone programming model to increase the photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity and optimize the operation of distribution systems. The operational problem considers voltage control through the optimal operation of capacitors banks, substations' on-load tap changers, voltage regulators, and network reconfiguration with radial and closed-loop operation. The proposed formulation considers voltage-dependent models for loads and capacitor banks. The objective function maximizes the PV hosting capacity of the system. Numerical experiments are carried out using the 33-node system and results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation to increase the penetration of PV sources, especially when the closed-loop operation is allowed, together with network reconfiguration.

关键词： Closed-loop topology distribution systems reconfiguration mixed-integer second-order cone programming PV hosting capacity voltage-dependent models

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Optimal Operation of Active Distribution Systems with Voltage Control and Closed-Loop Topology

Optimal Operation of Active Distribution Systems with Voltag...

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14th IEEE Madrid PowerTech Conference (IEEE POWERTECH)

作者： Home-Ortiz, Juan M. Macedo, Leonardo H. Mantovani, Jose R. S. Romero, Ruben Vargas, Renzo Catalao, Joao P. S. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP Dept Elect Engn Ilha Solteira Brazil Univ Fed Abc Santo Andre SP Brazil FEUP Porto Portugal INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781665435970

This paper presents a new stochastic mixed-integer second-order cone programming model to solve the problem of optimal operation of distribution systems considering network reconfiguration, voltage control devices, dispatchable and nondispatchable distributed generators (DGs), and the possibility of closed-loop topology operation. The decision variables are the active and reactive power generation of DGs, the tap position of substations' (SS) on-load tap changers and voltage regulators, the number of switchable capacitor banks in operation, and the operational statuses of sectionalizing and tie switches. The proposed formulation considers the minimization of (i) the cost of the energy purchased from the distribution SSs and dispatchable DGs, (ii) greenhouse gas emissions, (iii) technical energy losses, and (iv) the number of basic loops formed in the network. Tests are carried out using the 33-node system and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation. The benefits provided by the presented approach include reduced operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation.

关键词： Closed-loop topology distributed generation distribution systems reconfiguration mixed-integer second-order cone programming voltage-dependent models

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An integrated integer programming model with a simulated annealing heuristic for the carrier vehicle traveling salesman problem

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Procedia Computer Science 2022年 197卷 301-308页

作者： Maharani Rizki Larasati I-Lin Wang National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City 701 Taiwan

We investigate a carrier vehicle traveling salesman problem (CVTSP) to visit n-targets in Euclidean space. Each target is visited by a smaller vehicle (e.g., UAV) consecutively, launched from and landed to a carrier. The smaller vehicle and the carrier must synchronize during both launching and landing. We present a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model with TSP-like constraints to determine the best target visiting sequence and the associated launch and land coordinates. A simulated annealing algorithm is implemented to shorten the computational time. The computational experiments indicate the simulated annealing algorithm calculates good CVTSP solutions within a reasonable amount of time.

关键词： mixed-integer second-order cone programming simulated annealing vehicle routing unmanned aerial vehicle traveling salesman problem

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A second-order cone model of transmission planning with alternating and direct current lines

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2020年第1期281卷 174-185页

作者： Lesage-Landry, Antoine Taylor, Joshua A. Univ Toronto Edward S Rogers Sr Dept Elect & Comp Engn 10 Kings Coll Rd Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

We construct a model for transmission planning with both alternating and direct current lines, the latter of which can be interfaced via either line-commutated converters or voltage-source converters. The transmission expansion problem is nonlinear and nonconvex. Thus, nonlinear solvers cannot guarantee their convergence to the global optimum of the problem. We use relaxations and approximations to formulate a mixed-integer second-order cone transmission expansion model, which can be solved to optimality by current industrial solvers. We base our formulation on the branch flow relaxation. We include losses and reactive power placement, and consider direct current lines connected by both line-commutated converters and voltage-sourced converters. We show that our approach lowers the expansion cost on 6-bus and 24-bus system examples. We evaluate the feasibility of our formulation using a semidefinite relaxation of optimal power flow and find that the resulting plan admits feasible or close to feasible power flows. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： OR in energy Electric power systems Transmission expansion planning mixed-integer second-order cone programming Convex relaxation

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Optimal Restoration of Distribution Networks through Reconfiguration and Microgrid Formation 10

Optimal Restoration of Distribution Networks through Reconfi...

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10th IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Smart Grids - Key Enablers of a Green Power System

作者： Macedo, Leonardo H. Munoz-Delgado, Gregorio Contreras, Javier Romero, Ruben Sao Paulo State Univ Dept Elect Engn Ilha Solteira Brazil Univ Castilla La Mancha Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind Ciudad Real Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171005

This paper presents a new mixed-integer second-order cone programming model for the problem of optimal restoration of distribution networks that, besides network reconfiguration, also considers microgrid formation. General radiality constraints are used to allow the resulting microgrids to operate with single or multiple distributed generators. Furthermore, the proposed radiality formulation allows parts of the network to be de-energized. Thus, the alternative of disconnecting the loads from their nodes, which is used in some works to ensure radiality, may not be practical in some systems and, therefore, it is not considered in this paper. Tests are carried out using a 53-node system, and the results show that the proposed model can solve the problem at low computational times. It can also be verified that by allowing microgrid formation, more load can be reconnected to the system in the service restoration process.

关键词： Active distribution networks distributed generation mixed-integer second-order cone programming service restoration

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Security-Constrained Energy Management System for Microgrids Under Uncertainty

Security-Constrained Energy Management System for Microgrids...

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IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition - Latin America (T and D LA)

作者： Alves da Silva, Jessica Alice Lopez, Juan Camilo Arias, Nataly Banol Rider, Marcos Julio Pereira da Silva, Luiz Carlos Univ Estadual Campinas Dept Syst & Energy DSE UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141558

This paper presents a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) for the security-constrained energy management system (EMS) of microgrids under demand and renewable generation uncertainties. Considering a balanced single-phase representation of the network, the proposed MINLP model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model that can be solved via off-the-shelf convex programming solvers. The proposed formulation considers photovoltaic (PV) generation, energy storage systems (ESS), direct load control (DLC) and a diesel generator (genset), which can be turned on when the microgrid is operating in isolated mode. The proposed model minimizes the average operational costs for the day-ahead scheduling. Constraints consider the operation in either grid-connected or isolated mode due to a predefined set of plausible contingencies, hence the term security-constrained. The proposed model is tested using data of the real microgrid Laboratory of Intelligent Electrical Networks (LabREI), located at the UNICAMP facilities. Results show that the proposed model is suitable for real-world applications since it provides cost-efficient and contingency-robust solutions.

关键词： Microgrids mixed-integer nonlinear programming mixed-integer second-order cone programming security-constrained energy management system

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Data-adaptive robust unit commitment in the hybrid AC/DC power system

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APPLIED ENERGY 2019年 254卷 113784-000页

作者： Zhou, Bo Ai, Xiaomeng Fang, Jiakun Yao, Wei Zuo, Wenping Chen, Zhe Wen, Jinyu Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn State Key Lab Adv Electromagnet Engn & Technol Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

This paper proposes the data-adaptive robust optimization for the optimal unit commitment in the hybrid AC/DC power system. With the convexified branch flow model interconnecting the AC and DC power grid, the unit commitment problem in the hybrid AC/DC power system is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming. Considering the temporal and spatial correlations of multiple wind farms, the data-adaptive uncertainty set and the extreme scenarios are introduced to reformulate the robust optimization. The column-and-constraints generation algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-scenario problem. Case studies in the modified IEEE 14-bus system and the Henan provincial power system demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model. Comparative results with the pure AC power system show the improvement of the flexibility by DC interconnections. Both the operational cost and the times of generator startup/shutdown are reduced. The regulation capability of the DC lines can be fully utilized to cope with the uncertainties introduced by wind power.

关键词： Data-adaptive robust optimization Unit commitment Hybrid AC/DC power system Branch flow model mixed-integer second-order cone programming Column-and-constraint generation algorithm

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