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inheritance and strain distribution of a persistent hyaloid vascular system in mice

EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH 1997年第4期64卷 553-558页

作者： Fujisawa, H Seriu, N Zhu, BH Higuchi, K Hosokawa, M KYOTO UNIV FAC MED DEPT NEUROL SAKYO KU KYOTO 606 JAPAN

The mode of inheritance of a persistent hyaloid vascular system was investigated in an inbred strain of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse P9 (SAMP9) by conducting crosses between SAMP9 and SAMR1, a strain which shows normal regression of the hyaloid vascular system. We also examined the distribution of this abnormality in 12 inbred SAM strains and in eight commonly used inbred strains of mice. Ophthalmoscopic examination of the eyes of 5-week-old mice, which have transparent lenses, revealed the persistence of a hyaloid vascular system in only one female F-1 hybrid out of 66 offspring. The observed segregation ratio of affected to unaffected mice was 25:52 in males and 37:44 in females, following the reciprocal backcross progeny between SAMP9 mice and F-1 hybrids. The results of the strain distribution study indicated that 8-97% of the mice among six strains of SAM exhibited the persistence of a hyaloid vascular system, whereas the other inbred strains did not exhibit this abnormality. These observations suggest that at least two major genes may contribute to the persistence of a hyaloid vascular system, and suggest that the SAM strains comprise a group of related inbred strains. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

关键词： persistent hyaloid vascular system mode of inheritance Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAM) inbred strains of mice strain distribution

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Bipolar disorder: Dominant or recessive on chromosome 5?

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GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 1997年第6期14卷 647-651页

作者： Homer, JP Flodman, PL Spence, MA Univ Calif Irvine Med Ctr Dept Pediat Div Human Genet Orange CA 92868 USA

The presence of a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 5p near the dopamine transporter gene has been suggested. We examined 52 bipolar families for linkage to two markers in this region under both dominant and recessive models of inheritance. The purpose of the analyses was to determine the mode of inheritance of this purported bipolar locus. We also ran sensitivity analyses to confirm the reliability of the linkage results. Our results suggest that a bipolar locus inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion may be linked to this region in a subset of families. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： chromosome 5 genetic linkage manic-depression mode of inheritance

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mode of inheritance IN FAMILIES OF PATIENTS WITH LITHIUM-RESPONSIVE AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS

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ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1994年第4期90卷 304-310页

作者： ALDA, M GROF, P GROF, E ZVOLSKY, P WALSH, M CHARLES UNIV DEPT PSYCHIATPRAGUECZECH REPUBLIC HAMILTON PSYCHIAT HOSP HAMILTONONCANADA

A better understanding of the role of genetic factors in affective disorders is likely to result from investigating more homogeneous populations. To achieve this goal, we have systematically studied patients who are excellent responders to long-term lithium treatment and their relatives. In the families of 71 such probands, we have analyzed the mode of inheritance by comparing the observed morbidity risks with the risks expected under different genetic models. The results demonstrate major-gene effects in the transmission of primary affective disorders;the polygenic model with sex-specific thresholds could be rejected. Discrimination between the autosomal and X-chromosome models was not possible, but the autosomal recessive model predicts more realistic, gender-specific frequencies of affective disorders in the general population. These results suggest that autosomal recessive inheritance deserves serious consideration in molecular genetic investigations.

关键词： AFFECTIVE DISORDER GENETICS mode of inheritance LITHIUM LONG-TERM TREATMENT

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Tetrasomic segregation of allozyme markers in an endangered plant, Aster kantoensis

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JOURNAL OF HEREDITY 1996年第5期87卷 378-380页

作者： Maki, M Masuda, M Inoue, K SHINSHU UNIV FAC SCIDEPT BIOLMATSUMOTONAGANO 390JAPAN SHINSHU UNIV FAC SCIHERBARIUMMATSUMOTONAGANO 390JAPAN

Tetrasomic inheritance was documented for four allozyme loci (Aat-2, Aco-2, Pgi-2, and 6pg-2) in a rare endangered plant. Aster kantoensis (Asteraceae). There was no evidence of chromatid segregation, and segregation ratios at the loci were in close agreement with the expectation of tetrasomic inheritance of the chromosome type. This study provides evidence for the autotetraploid origin of A. kantoensis and is one of several studies that have contributed to an increased appreciation of autotetraploidy.

关键词： .polyploid mode of inheritance allozyme AAT autotetraploid segregation ratios Aster kantoensis Tetrasomic inheritance

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Analyses of reported family history of glaucoma: A preliminary investigation

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Ophthalmic Epidemiology 1996年第3期3卷 135-141页

作者： Nemesure, B. Leske, M. Cristina He, Q. Mendell, N. University Medical Center at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY United States Dept. Preventive Med. Univ. Med. Center Stony Brook NY 11794-8036 United States

This study investigated the self-reported family history of open-angle glaucoma (GAG) among 4,314 black participants in the Barbados Eye Study (BES), which was based on a random sample of Barbados-born citizens between 40 and 84 years of age. Data collection included Humphrey perimetry, fundus photography, various ophthalmic and other measurements and a comprehensive interview, including family history. Results showed that participants with OAG and previous OAG treatment reported more family history;maternal history was reported twice as often as paternal history. In persons without previous OAG treatment, those with newly diagnosed OAG reported more sibling history (Odds Ratio = 4.5) The Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (S.A.G.E.) system was used to test the transmission models for OAG in a subset of 1,048 families (5,806 individuals) with the most complete self-reported family information. The S.A.G.E. results are consistent with the existence of a major dominant allele for GAG. These results should be viewed as promising, but preliminary, since they are based on self-reported data. More definitive information is currently being collected by the Barbados Family Study of Open-angle Glaucoma.

关键词： Familial aggregation Glaucoma mode of inheritance

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Ectrodactyly and absence (hypoplasia) of the tibia: Are there dominant and recessive types?

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American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 1996年第1期63卷

作者： F. Majewski T. Goecke P. Meinecke Institute of Human Genetics Düsseldorf Germany Department of Medical Genetics Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus Hamburg Germany

We present a kindred of brother, sister, and cousin with ectrodactyly and hypoplasia of the tibia. The parents of the cousin are consanguineous; the parents of the sibs originate from the same small Algerian village. We also report on a boy with tibial defect and split hands and feet with consanguineous parents. These observations are further hints for an autosomal recessive type of ectrodactyly with aplasia (hypoplasia) of the tibia, as was favoured by some authors. However, review of the present and reported cases does not demonstrate any clinical differences between the seemingly recessive and the dominant types. Statistical analysis of 17 families with affected sibs and normal parents showed a 1:3.1 ratio of affected:unaffected by the proband method. Despite consanguinity among nine sets of parents, this ratio, and ∼30 additionally reported families generally are in favour of autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： ectrodactyly aplasia/hypoplasia of tibia mode of inheritance

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mode of inheritance AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BAMMV RESISTANCE OF EXOTIC BARLEY GERMPLASMS CARRYING GENES DIFFERENT FROM YM4

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THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS 1993年第2-3期86卷 229-233页

作者： ORDON, F FRIEDT, W Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I Justus-Liebig-University Gießen Germany

In order to obtain information about the mode of inheritance of BaMMV resistance in germplasms carrying genes different from the ''German'' gene 'ym4', F1-tests for resistance as well as F2-segregation analyses of crosses to susceptible German cultivars were carried out by mechanical inoculation in the greenhouse. In the F1 the majority of plants of each combination tested reacted susceptible to BaMMV while in the F2 a good fit to a segregation of 1r:3s or 7r:9s was. observed. Therefore, the results of these tests revealed that the BaMMV resistance of all the varieties tested is inherited either by a single or by two recessive genes. By testing intercrosses of these resistant varieties segregation of BaMMV-susceptile plants was observed in the majority of combinations, revealing a high degree of genetic diversity in the barley gene pool.

关键词： HORDEUM-VULGARE L BARLEY MILD MOSAIC VIRUS (BAMMV) RESISTANCE mode of inheritance GENETIC DIVERSITY

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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A LABORATORY-SELECTED ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT STRAIN OF AMBLYSEIUS-FINLANDICUS (ACARI, PHYTOSEIIDAE) FOR POSSIBLE USE IN FINNISH APPLE ORCHARDS

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BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1995年第3期5卷 297-311页

作者： KOSTIAINEN, T HOY, MA Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville PO Box 110620 United States

The survival of adults and immatures and reproduction at rates of 150, 300 and 900 ppm a.i. of azinphosmethyl were compared among four types of Amblyseius finlandicus females and their offspring;a laboratory-selected colony (SEL16) resistant to azinphosmethyl, an unselected base colony (Tuorla), reciprocal F-1 females from crosses between SEL16 and a very susceptible colony (Hiekkaharju). The SEL16 and reciprocal F-1 females had a higher survivorship than the unselected Tuorla base colony after 2 and 4 days on leaves treated with the three concentrations of insecticide. Azinphosmethyl decreased oviposition by the surviving females of all types, but the decrease was smaller in the SEL16 strain than in the base colony. The survivorship of immatures of SEL16 on fresh azinphosmethyl residues after 6 days was low at all three concentrations, but no survivors were found in the base colony at any of the concentrations. Females deposited significantly more eggs on the untreated areas of the leaves. The importance of this behavior for biological control is discussed There were no significant differences in developmental rate, ovipositional rate, sex ratio and ovipositional period between the SEL16 and unselected base colony on untreated leaf substrates, suggesting that resistance was not associated with decreased fitness. A mode of inheritance study indicated that azinphosmethyl resistance was incompletely dominant. This was also suggested by the results of bioassays, where the reciprocal F-1 females performed nearly as well as the SEL16 strain on leaves treated with field rates of azinphosmethyl.

关键词： AMBLYSEIUS (EUSEIUS) FINLANDICUS PHYTOSEIIDAE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PESTICIDE RESISTANCE mode of inheritance OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR LIFE TABLE TRAITS FINLAND

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Carbaryl Resistance in a Laboratory-Selected Strain of Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): mode of inheritance and Implications for Implementation in Citrus IPM

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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 1992年第3期2卷 211-217页

作者： Spollen, Kevin M. Hoy, Marjorie A. Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Entomol Berkeley CA 94720 USA

A carbaryl-resistant (R) strain of the California red scale parasite Aphytis melinus DeBach reached a plateau in its selection response after 13 laboratory selections with carbaryl (Sevin 80S). mode of inheritance tests were conducted using R and S (La Couague) colonies. The degree of dominance for the reciprocal F(1) females (RS, SR) was 0.153 and 0.254, respectively, indicating that inheritance was not fully dominant or recessive. A monofactorial mode of inheritance was rejected by chi(2) analysis of the concentration/mortality curves for the F(2) males. Although there was a plateau in the mortality of the male progeny of virgin RS and SR females at 50%, 7 of 17 observed points deviated significantly from the expected curve. Practical aspects of mass rearing and releasing the R strain in California citrus orchards are discussed. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Aphytis mode of inheritance carbaryl resistance Citrus IPM

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EFFECT OF HETEROGENEITY AND ASSUMED mode of inheritance ON LOD SCORES

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992年第3期42卷 271-275页

作者： DURNER, M GREENBERG, DA MT SINAI MED CTR DEPT BIOMATHNEW YORKNY 10029

Heterogeneity is a major factor in many common, complex diseases and can confound linkage analysis. Using computer-simulated heterogeneous data we tested what effect unlinked families have on a linkage analysis when heterogeneity is not taken into account. We created 60 data sets of 40 nuclear families each with different proportions of linked and unlinked families and with different modes of inheritance. The ascertainment probability was 0.05, the disease had a penetrance of 0.6, and the recombination fraction for the linked families was zero. For the analysis we used a variety of assumed modes of inheritance and penetrances. Under these conditions we looked at the effect of the unlinked families on the lod score, the evaluation of the mode of inheritance, and the estimate of penetrance and of the recombination fraction in the linked families. 1. When the analysis was done under the correct mode of inheritance for the linked families, we found that the mode of inheritance of the unlinked families had minimal influence on the highest maximum lod score (MMLS) (i.e., we maximized the maximum lod score with respect to penetrance). Adding sporadic families decreased the MMLS less than adding recessive or dominant unlinked families. 2. The mixtures of dominant linked families with unlinked families always led to a higher MMLS when analyzed under the correct (dominant) mode of inheritance than when analyzed under the incorrect mode of inheritance. In the mixtures with recessive linked families, assuming the correct mode of inheritance generally led to a higher MMLS, but we observed broad variation. 3. The estimate of the recombination fraction became larger as the proportion of recessive or dominant unlinked families increased, but, in general, sporadic families had less influence on the estimate of the recombination fraction than did unlinked families with genetic disease. 4. The assumed penetrance that led to the highest maximum lod score occurred close to the value whi

关键词： LINKAGE HETEROGENEITY LOD SCORES mode of inheritance SIMULATION

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