The fine particle fraction is a key indicator of therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. This paper presents a fluorescence imaging technique to visualise and characterise the emission of active ...
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The fine particle fraction is a key indicator of therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. This paper presents a fluorescence imaging technique to visualise and characterise the emission of active pharmaceutical ingredient (api) fines in model formulations containing coarse lactose carrier and 1.5-2 mu m diameter fluorescent microspheres (model api fines). A two-camera arrangement was used to acquire simultaneous images of spatial and temporal distribution of model api fines and fluidised powder formulation near the mouthpiece exit of a DPI. Digital image analysis showed that the model api fines were released along with the bulk of the powder dose. More rapidly accelerating airflows were found to cause earlier release of api fines. The fluorescence imaging technique analyses a substantial fraction of the aerosol plume and was found to provide effective time-resolved characterisation of the de-aggregation and release of api fines with consistent results across a wide range of model api concentrations. Future studies should demonstrate the usefulness of the fluorescence imaging technique across different formulations and DPI devices.
A statistical model is a mathematical representation of an often simplified or idealised data-generating process. In this paper, we focus on a particular type of statistical model, called linear mixed models (LMMs), t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789811519604;9789811519598
A statistical model is a mathematical representation of an often simplified or idealised data-generating process. In this paper, we focus on a particular type of statistical model, called linear mixed models (LMMs), that is widely used in many disciplines e.g. agriculture, ecology, econometrics, psychology. Mixed models, also commonly known as multi-level, nested, hierarchical or panel data models, incorporate a combination of fixed and random effects, with LMMs being a special case. The inclusion of random effects in particular gives LMMs considerable flexibility in accounting for many types of complex correlated structures often found in data. This flexibility, however, has given rise to a number of ways by which an end-user can specify the precise form of the LMM that they wish to fit in statistical software. In this paper, we review the software design for specification of the LMM (and its special case, the linear model), focusing in particular on the use of high-level symbolic model formulae and two popular but contrasting R-packages in lme4 and asreml.
A practical guide for building effective enterprise solutions with Java EE 8 Key Features Recipes to get you up-and-running with Java EE 8 application development Learn how to apply the major Java EE 8 apis and specif...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781788290258
ISBN:
(纸本)9781788293037
A practical guide for building effective enterprise solutions with Java EE 8 Key Features Recipes to get you up-and-running with Java EE 8 application development Learn how to apply the major Java EE 8 apis and specifications Implement microservices and Reactive programming with Java EE 8 Book Description Java EE is a collection of technologies and apis to support Enterprise Application development. The choice of what to use and when can be dauntingly complex for any developer. This book will help you master this. Packed with easy to follow recipes, this is your guide to becoming productive with Java EE 8. You will begin by seeing the latest features of Java EE 8, including major Java EE 8 apis and specifications such as JSF 2.3, and CDI 2.0, and what they mean for you. You will use the new features of Java EE 8 to implement web-based services for your client applications. You will then learn to process the model and Streaming apis using JSON-P and JSON-B and will learn to use the Java Lambdas support offered in JSON-P. There are more recipes to fine-tune your RESTful development, and you will learn about the Reactive enhancements offered by the JAX-RS 2.1 specification. Later on, you will learn about the role of multithreading in your enterprise applications and how to integrate them for transaction handling. This is followed by implementing microservices with Java EE and the advancements made by Java EE for cloud computing. The final set of recipes shows you how take advantage of the latest security features and authenticate your enterprise application. At the end of the book, the Appendix shows you how knowledge sharing can change your career and your life. What you will learn Actionable information on the new features of Java EE 8 Using the most important apis with real and working code Building server side applications, web services, and web applications Deploying and managing your application using the most important Java EE servers Building and deploying micr
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