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Improving Rule Mining for Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulations Using Knowledge Graphs

JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2022年第9期19卷 598-612页

作者： De Leon, Samalis Santini Selva, Daniel Way, David W. Texas A&M Univ Dept Aerosp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA NASA Langley Res Ctr Atmospher Flight & Entry Syst Branch D205 Hampton VA 23666 USA

Designing planetary entry, descent, and landing (EDL) systems requires analyzing large datasets containing tens of thousands of parameters. These datasets are generally manually analyzed by subject-matter experts trying to find interesting correlations and couplings between parameters that explain the behaviors observed. A popular approach to automate the extraction of explanation rules is association rule mining, in which rules with high statistical strength are mined from the dataset. However, current rule mining algorithms generate too many rules that are redundant, too complex, too obvious, or do not make sense to the user. In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the comprehensibility, insightfulness, and usefulness of the association rules generated during the analysis of an EDL dataset by leveraging a user-provided knowledge graph. The knowledge graph captures the user knowledge about EDL and the specific problem at hand. We then use a statistical relational learning framework based on probabilistic soft logic to assess the degree of consistency of the rule with the user's knowledge of the system. The method is validated in a small study with N=6 subject-matter experts. The results of the study also show interesting relationships between comprehensibility, usefulness, and insightfulness of the extracted rules.

关键词： model based system engineering Probability Density Functions Flight Path Angle Data Mining Algorithms Dynamic Pressure Aerodynamics Monte Carlo Simulation Terrain Relative Navigation Inertial Measurement Unit Artificial Intelligence

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model-Driven system Development for Distributed Fuel Management in Avionics

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2013年第2期10卷 71-86页

作者： Insaurralde, Carlos C. Seminario, Miguel A. Jimenez, Juan F. Giron-Sierra, Jose M. Heriot Watt Univ Sch Engn & Phys Sci Inst Sensors Signals & Syst Edinburgh EH14 4AS Midlothian Scotland Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Ciencias Fis Dept Arquitectura Comp & Automat E-28040 Madrid Spain

model-based engineering for control software architectures reduces risks and costs in development processes of embedded systems. Developers who follow this methodological approach are able to evaluate the systemwide analysis impact of architectural choices and increase confidence through early verification/validation of the model assumptions. This design methodology is well suitable for a European project (SmartFuel) that proposes a distributed control strategy for aircraft fuel systems. During the first SmartFuel phase, the verification and validation of the aforementioned avionics system was successfully carried out through prototype-based simulations. The future second project phase develops models and tools to analyze, synthesize, and preverify/prevalidate the avionics system architecture at early development stages. This paper addresses the latter project phase by focusing on the prediction of system quality characteristics and the automatic code generation for the system components. It presents a software development framework to deal with the avionics system specifications by means of architectural representations that facilitate the early evaluation of the system. The proposed modeling methodology is evaluated in simulations and prototypes, and it is compared with the results obtained from the first project phase. The experimental outcomes from two case studies (helicopter and airplane fuel systems) are also presented.

关键词： Digital Avionics systems Fuel Management Commercial Aircraft Helicopter Engines Eclipse modeling Framework Software Development Embedded Software systems Aircraft Fuel system model based system engineering Distributed Control system

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Visualising food traceability systems: A novel system architecture for mapping material and information flow

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TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021年 112卷 708-719页

作者： Islam, Samantha Cullen, Jonathan M. Manning, Louise Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Trumpington St Cambridge CB2 1PZ England Royal Agr Univ Cirencester GL7 6JS Glos England

Background: Traceability of food products, ingredients and associated operations are important requirements for improving food safety and consumer confidence. Food traceability systems (FTSs) often suffer from inefficiency in either material or information flow within an enterprise or between supply chain partners. modelling of system architecture is a visualisation approach that allows multiple parties to collaborate in a system design process, identify its inefficiencies and propose improvements. However, there is little academic research on the ability to use a standard visualisation tool that supports collaborative design and considers both material and information flow for a given food traceability system. Scope & approach: The aim of this research is to propose a new visualisation approach that allows supply chain operators to collaborate effectively in the design process of FTSs capable of maintaining streamlined information flow, minimising information loss, and improving supply chain performance. Key findings & conclusion: Food traceability systems are complex, encompassing processes, material flow, information flow, techniques, infrastructure, people and control strategies. Screening of literature demonstrates that model-based system engineering (MBSE) offers a sound way for visualisation of such complex systems. However, in the food traceability literature, an MBSE-based standardised traceability system modelling approach is absent. This study makes a strong contribution to existing literature by proposing a novel, material and information flow modelling technique (MIFMT), to visualise FTS architecture. MIFMT can support common understanding and iterative implementation of effective FTSs that contextualise food supply chains at multiple levels and provides opportunity to identify points at where inefficiencies can occur so that actions can be taken to mitigate them.

关键词： Food traceability Food traceability system Information loss model based system engineering Visualisation

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Integrating model-based systems and Digital engineering for Crewed Mars Mission Planning

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2021年第10期19卷 668-676页

作者： Kirshner, Mitchell Valerdi, Ricardo Univ Arizona Dept Syst & Ind Engn Tucson AZ 85705 USA

With technological advances in the 21st century and the rise of the commercial space industry, crewed Mars missions to land humans on our red neighbor have become increasingly feasible. One of the key challenges in accomplishing this goal is determining whether model-based systems engineering training is necessary for space systems engineers to adopt digital engineering. This paper reviews model-based systems engineering benefits and limitations, as well as historically significant crewed Mars missions that planned to land on the surface. models are presented for a Mars transit habitat developed in the modeling language SysML using Cameo systems modeler. These models leverage Cameo's simulation capabilities to execute MATLAB scripts integrating digital engineering software systems Tool Kit into the modeling process, demonstrating a reusable interoperability methodology for Mars mission planning not yet existing in this domain's literature. It can be concluded that integrating model-based systems engineering with digital engineering for crewed Mars landing mission planning can lead to multiple benefits for space systems digital engineering, including 1) greater system simulation capabilities, 2) enhanced model fidelity, and 3) improved system understanding. Future research to further enhance these benefits includes adding cybersecurity considerations and greater system detail to the models.

关键词： Mars Missions model based system engineering MATLAB Space systems Space Industry Space systems engineering Software systems In Situ Resource Utilization Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Satellites

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Building SysML model Graph to Support the system model Reuse

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 132374-132389页

作者： Fu, Chao Liu, Jihong Wang, Shude Beihang Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

With the implementation and application of MBSE (model based system engineering) in enterprises, a vast number of system model files is constantly and increasingly generated. The problem of how to acquire the knowledge carried by the system model and reuse the system model is urgently required to be solved. Therefore, a cross-products system model graph construction method supporting system model reuse is proposed. system model graph is constructed by defining the SysML metamodel ontology and the construction strategy is given. The entity alignment based on the relationship set and the rule-based reasoning is applied to achieve the fusion of multiple subgraphs, and the semantic extended retrieval of design requirements is realized based on this graph. Finally, the case studies of the Automatic Climate Control Integrated system of car and satellite design verify the effectiveness and practicability of the method, supporting system model reuse. In conclusion, the paper indicates that it is feasible to express the system model with knowledge graph and the constructed system model knowledge graph can well support the retrieval and reuse of cross- products system models.

关键词： modeling Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling Analytical models systems engineering and theory Knowledge engineering Semantics model based system engineering SysML system model reuse knowledge graph

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Leveraging Large Language models for Tradespace Exploration

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JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS 2024年第5期61卷 1165-1183页

作者： Apaza, Gabriel Selva, Daniel Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA Aerosp Engn Dept 710 Ross St College Stn TX USA

This paper proposes a method for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to improve the question-answering capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) assistants for tradespace exploration. The method operates by querying an information space composed of fused data sources encompassing the tradespace exploration process and responding based on the gathered information. The information retrieval process is modeled as an internal dialog where an LLM-based dialog agent converses with a subquery answering agent. A case study is conducted on a next-generation soil moisture mission (SM-NG), and a generative AI assistant (named Daphne-G) is configured on it. The effect of the dialog agent and the choice of LLM are assessed by comparing the performance of three different system configurations on a validation question set. A second validation effort is conducted, comparing Daphne-G's responses to those of a baseline template-based AI assistant, Daphne-VA. Results show that the dialog-based system is necessary for answering complex questions requiring multiple documents. Furthermore, results show that Daphne-G can correctly answer all the questions Daphne-VA can answer, while simultaneously being able to answer a greater number of questions than Daphne-VA. The results suggest that LLMs could significantly improve the outcomes of the tradespace exploration process, which may result in better and more cost-effective mission concepts being implemented.

关键词： Natural Language Processing Attitude Determination and Control system Satellite Bus Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Renewable Energy model based system engineering Synthetic Aperture Radar Sun Synchronous Orbit Data Products Computing and Informatics

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Genetic-Algorithm-based Design for Rideshare and Heterogeneous Constellations

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JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS 2020年第5期57卷 1021-1032页

作者： Wagner, Katherine M. Black, Jonathan T. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Crofton Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Responsive and resilient space-based systems are needed to satisfy changing mission requirements and react to unforeseen challenges. Nontraditional constellations, such as heterogeneous and rideshare constellations, have the potential to increase resiliency and responsiveness, as can using commercial off-the-shelf parts. However, these constellation types introduce design challenges that cannot be solved by analytical techniques. A novel methodology for optimizing these constellations using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and model-based systems engineering techniques is introduced. Included in this methodology are new techniques for measuring constellation resiliency and rapidly determining reachability between two orbits. The methodology is applied to a validation case of designing a Mars-orbiting position, navigation, timing, and communications constellation. The methodology is then used to examine the viability of using rideshare opportunities to construct a satellite constellation. The constellation must provide regional imaging coverage in the event of a natural disaster, and its efficacy is evaluated both in the nominal case and in the case when multiple satellites have failed.

关键词： Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm Constellations Satellite Constellations Position, Navigation, and Timing Commercial off the Shelf model based system engineering Propellant Orbital Elements Ground Station Disaggregated Integral system Concept Optimization

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A modelling and simulation framework for the integrated design of aircraft systems

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE engineering 2020年第10期234卷 1648-1660页

作者： Cimmino, N. Ponnusamy, S. S. Garriga, A. Garcia Mainini, L. Univ Napoli Federico II Dept Ind Engn Naples Italy United Technol Res Ctr UTRC Cork Ireland

New technologies and complex systems are being developed in commercial aviation to meet strict requirements regarding fuel consumption, emissions and noise constraints. This motivates the development of multidisciplinary environments to efficiently manage the increasing complexity of the design process. Under the Clean Sky 2 initiative, the modellIng and Simulation tools for systems IntegratiON on Aircraft (MISSION) project aims to develop an integrated framework to holistically support the aircraft design, development and validation processes. Within the MISSION framework, this paper proposes a methodology to handle the integration between the aircraft level and the system level in the early phase of aircraft design. The methodology is demonstrated for the case of the Landing Gear system in the rejected take-off scenario.

关键词： Aircraft systems aircraft-system integration integrated design landing gear modelling and simulation model based system engineering multidisciplinary design optimization

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Language for Unified Verification and Implementation for Distributed Avionics

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2018年第11期15卷 640-664页

作者： Jones, Benjamin F. Pike, Lee Varadarajan, Srivatsan Hall, Brendan Galois Inc 421 SW 6th Ave Portland OR 97204 USA Honeywell Adv Technol 1985 Douglas Dr N Golden Valley MN 55422 USA Groq Inc Portland OR 97204 USA

In designing, verifying, and validating distributed systems today, an engineer is often faced with having to specify a system multiple times. For example, the engineer might specify it once in a model-checker for formal analysis, in an architectural description language for requirements analysis, and in a programming language for testing. By specifying the same system multiple times, there is risk that each specification has different semantics, so that the system tested differs from the one verified, for example. To help solve this problem, we envision an architectural domain-specific language (ADSL), or a unified language from which formal models, executable code, and architectural models can be synthesized. To make our problem tractable, we focus on distributed fault-tolerant systems. We present the Language for Integrated modeling and Analysis (LIMA), a particular ADSL that we have designed. We describe LIMA and its application to case studies motivated by avionics design.

关键词： Integrated Modular Avionics Language for Integrated modeling and Analysis Airbus Real Time Operating system Failure Modes and Effects Analysis model based system engineering Communication Channels Aerospace system Embedded Software Fault Tolerance

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Toward an Operations-Dedicated model for Space systems

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2023年第4期20卷 168-180页

作者： Christofi, Nikolena Pucel, Xavier Baron, Claude Pantel, Marc Guilmeau, Sebastien Ducamp, Christophe LAAS CNRS Ave colonel Roche F-31400 Laas France Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp F-31055 Toulouse France IRIT 2 Rue Charles Camichel F-31071 Toulouse France IRT St Exupery F-31400 Toulouse France Airbus Def & Space F-31400 Toulouse France

Current trends in the aerospace industry for the digitization of data, tools, and services call for novel solutions that can keep track of the latest technological advancements. Moreover, the increasing drive toward model-based approaches imposes the use of models for the development of complex systems, such as satellites. New types of methods and tools are needed in order to manage the still-growing complexity of embedded systems and their corresponding models. This paper addresses issues related to space systems (in-service) operations and proposes a multimodel approach to address them. The multimodel approach aims at facilitating the task of operational diagnosis by creating a monitoring and diagnosis-dedicated system model derived from existing system design (architecture, functional behavior, and safety) models. The purpose of the diagnosis-dedicated model is to enable the codesign of the system and its diagnosis tools in order to improve the performance of diagnosis activities and the system's availability. This paper demonstrates the interests of the suggested approach with regard to the limitations of current practices.

关键词： Space systems Embedded systems model based system engineering Catastrophic Failure Concurrent engineering Fault Detection and Diagnosis systems Development Life Cycle Spacecraft Maintenance Integrated Health Monitoring Space Operations

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