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Reverse engineering of Object Oriented Systems to ALF

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software engineering AND KNOWLEDGE engineering 2021年第5期31卷 745-774页

作者： Nawaz, Asad Rana, Tauseef Azam, Farooque Anwar, Muhammad Waseem Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Software Engn MCS Islamabad Pakistan Natl Univ Sci & Technol Coll E&ME Dept Comp & Software Engn Islamabad Pakistan

In model driven software engineering (MDSE), Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF) is a new standard for specifying the structure and behavior of a system textually. To update/transform existing systems with respect to advance business needs and/or by the change in the dependent technology, this standard can play a vital role in reverse engineering a system for technology change. In this paper, using ALF, we propose a reverse engineering approach for transforming object oriented system. Our work is the first attempt to use ALF in reverse engineering. Using a case study (an ATM system) of significant size developed in C++, we validate the feasibility of our approach. In this paper, to support our approach by a computer application, we created a tool CPP2ALF;this tool converts the C++ code to srcML code by using a third party srcML-tool and then generates the ALF code by using the generated srcML code.

关键词： software engineering model driven software engineering reverse engineering ALF re-engineering

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Towards Control Flow Analysis of Declarative Graph Transformations with Symbolic Execution 24

Towards Control Flow Analysis of Declarative Graph Transform...

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24th International ACM/IEEE Conference on model-driven engineering Languages and Systems (modelS)

作者： Ege, Florian Tichy, Matthias Ulm Univ Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434959

The declarative graph transformation language Henshin transforms instance models represented as graphs by applying a series of basic steps that match and replace structural patterns on parts of models. These simple transformation rules are then combined into control flow constructs similar to those of imperative programming languages to create more complex transformations. However, defects in the structure of control flow or in transformation rules might misschedule the application of operations, resulting in basic steps to be inapplicable or produce incorrect output. Understanding and fixing these bugs is complicated by the fact that pattern matching in rules is non-deterministic. Moreover, some control flow structures employ a nondeterministic choice of alternatives. This makes it challenging for developers to keep track of all the possible execution paths and interactions between them. For conventional programming languages, techniques have been developed to execute a program symbolically. By abstracting over the concrete values of variables in any actual run, generalized knowledge is gained about the possible behavior of the program. This can be useful in understanding problems and fixing bugs. In this paper, we present an approach to symbolically execute graph transformations for a subset of Henshin, using symbolic path constraints based on the cardinalities of graph pattern occurrences in the model.

关键词： model driven software engineering declarative graph transformations control flow analysis symbolic execution

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Automatic Generation of Simulink models to Find Bugs in a Cyber-Physical System Tool Chain using Deep Learning 20

Automatic Generation of Simulink Models to Find Bugs in a Cy...

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42nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on software engineering - Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) / 42nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on software engineering - software engineering in Practice (ICSE-SEIP)

作者： Shrestha, Sohil Lal Univ Texas Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371223

Testing cyber-physical system (CPS) development tools such as MathWorks' Simulink is very important as they are widely used in design, simulation, and verification of CPS data-flow models. Existing randomized differential testing frameworks such as SLforge leverages semi-formal Simulink specifications to guide random model generation which requires significant research and engineering investment along with the need to manually update the tool, whenever MathWorks updates model validity rules. To address the limitations, we propose to learn validity rules automatically by learning a language model using our framework DeepFuzzSL from existing corpus of Simulink models. In our experiments, DeepFuzzSL consistently generate over 90% valid Simulink models and also found 2 confirmed bugs by MathWorks Support.

关键词： compiler testing CPS deep learning fuzzing language models LSTM model driven software engineering Simulink

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Formal Requirements Specification: Z Notation Meta model Facilitating model to model Transformation 20

Formal Requirements Specification: Z Notation Meta Model Fac...

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Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on software and Information engineering

作者： Misbah Mehboob Awan Farooque Azam Muhammad Waseem Anwar Yawar Rasheed Department of Computer & Software Engineering College of E&ME National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450377218

model driven software engineering (MDSE) has become a widely adopted approach in software development industry. Besides other software development phases, specifying requirements formally, is a crucial activity for developing model based software systems. There exist a number of formal languages that can be used for formal requirements specification. However, these formal languages are hard to comprehend and difficult to use for formal specification. Nonetheless, in many researches, abstraction of these formal languages is required and their benefits are tremendous. Z Notation is a formal language which guarantees that the software system must meet regulations and standards by specifying clear and unambiguous requirements. This leads to a high quality software and greater user satisfaction. However, formal languages are not welcomed with UML models because of rigorous use of mathematics. A bridge is required to minimize the gap between UML and Formal Requirements Specification languages. Therefore, we have presented a meta-model of a relatively mature and widely used Z Notation so that it may facilitate the future researchers by providing a reasonable level of abstraction. This paper aims to reduce the overhead of comprehension of formal language i.e. Z notation and to facilitate model-to-model transformations (source model: UML model, target model: Z Notation model). Further, we have validated the proposed meta-model via case study using UML Use Case. It has been demonstrated through case study that the Meta model facilitates shared understanding among stakeholders and facilitates model to model transformation leading to unambiguous requirements specification but can also be automated for the model based development of such a system which transforms informal requirements into formal Z-Notation specifications.

关键词： model driven software engineering Z-Notation meta-model formal specifications use-case diagram class diagram

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A model-driven approach for transforming GRAFCET specification into PLC code including hierarchical structures

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第13期52卷 1767-1772页

作者： Julius, Robert Trenner, Thomas Neidig, Joerg Fay, Alexander Institute of Automation Technology Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Germany Digital Factory Division Siemens AG Nuernberg Germany

GRAFCET, as defined in IEC 60848, is a powerful graphical modelling language to define the behavior of sequence controls with discrete event systems. In contrast to other specifications languages, one of the main advantages of GRAFCET is the specification of hierarchical structures. Therefore, distributed and nested program parts within a control application can be described by enclosing steps, partial-Grafcet and forcing orders. This contribution presents a meta-driven approach to transform GRAFCET specifications, including hierarchical structures, to Structured Text (ST), an IEC 61131-3 control programming language. To exactly meet the GRAFCET evolution rules and to mimic the specified behavior of the sequential control specification, an interpretation algorithm has been defined. The concept has been validated by means of an application example. © 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Discrete event simulation Application programs Computer simulation languages Formal methods Formal specification modeling languages Programmable logic controllers Code Generation Grafcet Industrial automation Meta model model driven software engineering Programmable logic controllers (PLC) Structured text

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autoHMI: a model driven software engineering approach for HMIs in process industries

autoHMI: a model driven software engineering approach for HM...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation engineering(CSAE 2011)

作者： Leon Urbas Falk Doherr Institute of Automation Dresden University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424487257

In process industries the Human Machine Interfaces （HMI） for the Supervisory Control Systems are built at the very end of the planning phase because of the many interdependencies of engineering data. These HMIs consist of a hierarchy of graphical displays that illustrate the chemical process and its automation system. Today, these displays are derived manually from the plant’s piping and instrumentation diagrams （P＆ID） and other sources. We present a model driven software engineer- ing solution to automatically generate the HMI directly from engineering data. At the core of the algorithm there are two models-a concept and task model describing the process and its structure, and an abstract HMI-model describing the interaction space. This article describes the design and structure of these models as well as the chain of transformations that are necessary to generate supervisory control HMIs for the process industries. A case study shows the scope and limitations of this approach.

关键词： Human-Computer-Interaction model driven software engineering Mimics Supervisory Control Process Industry

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Towards Performance engineering of model Transformation 18

Towards Performance Engineering of Model Transformation

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9th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering (ICPE)

作者： Groner, Raffaela Tichy, Matthias Becker, Steffen Ulm Univ Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Ulm Germany Univ Stuttgart Inst Software Technol Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356299

model transformations are an essential operation on models which is applied at design time and even at run time. For this, the performance of transformations is an important aspect, which needs to be considered. The current research takes only the improvement of transformation engines into account but there is no method or tool support to help engineers to identify performance bottlenecks in their transformation definition. In this paper we present our proposed approach to develop a method for performance engineering of model transformations. This method should support engineers to improve the performance of their defined transformations by providing visualizations of reasons for performance problems and offering possible refactorings for a transformation which can improve its performance.

关键词： model driven software engineering model Transformation Performance engineering Henshin

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model-Based software engineering to Tame the IoT Jungle

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IEEE software 2017年第1期34卷 30-36页

作者： Morin, Brice Harrand, Nicolas Fleurey, Franck SINTEF Informat & Commun Technol Oslo Norway

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a challenging combination of distribution and heterogeneity. A number of software engineering solutions address those challenges in isolation, but few solutions tackle them in combination, which poses a set of concrete challenges. The ThingML (Internet of Things modeling Language) approach attempts to address those challenges. This model-driven, generative approach, which was inspired by UML, integrates concepts targeted at the IoT. Over the past six years, it has been continuously evolved and applied to cases in different domains, including a commercial e-health solution.

关键词： Internet Of Things software engineering Unified modeling Language model Based software engineering Io T Thing ML UML model driven Generative Approach E Health Solution Internet Of Things modeling Language Internet Of Things software engineering modeling Computer Languages model driven software engineering Internet Of Things Io T E Health Thing ML Tellu software engineering software Development

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Recommender System for model driven software Development 2017

Recommender System for Model Driven Software Development

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11th Joint Meeting of European software engineering Conference (ESEC) / ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of software engineering (FSE)

作者： Koegel, Stefan Ulm Univ Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351058

models are key artifacts in model driven software engineering, similar to source code in traditional software engineering. Integrated development environments help users while writing source code, e.g. with typed auto completions, quick fixes, or automatic refactorings. Similar integrated features are rare for modeling IDEs. The above source code IDE features can be seen as a recommender system. A recommender system for model driven software engineering can combine data from different sources in order to infer a list of relevant and actionable model changes in real time. These recommendations can speed up working on models by automating repetitive tasks and preventing errors when the changes are atypical for the changed models. Recommendations can be based on common model transformations that are taken from the literature or learned from models in version control systems. Further information can be taken from instance-to meta-model relationships, modeling related artifacts (e.g. correctness constraints), and versions histories of models under version control. We created a prototype recommender that analyses the change history of a single model. We computed its accuracy via cross-validation and found that it was between 0.43 and 0.82 for models from an open source project. In order to have a bigger data set for the evaluation and the learning of model transformation, we also mined repositories from Eclipse projects for Ecore meta models and their versions. We found 4374 meta models with 17249 versions. 244 of these meta models were changed at least ten times and are candidates for learning common model transformations. We plan to evaluate our recommender system in two ways: (1) In off-line evaluations with data sets of models from the literature, created by us, or taken from industry partners. (2) In on-line user studies with participants from academia and industry, performed as case studies and controlled experiments.

关键词： model driven software engineering Recommender System Data Mining Machine Learning Heuristic Search Algorithms

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model-Oriented Web Services

Model-Oriented Web Services

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10th IEEE International Symposium on Service-Oriented System engineering (IEEE SOSE)

作者： Gottardi, Thiago Vaccare Braga, Rosana Teresinha Univ Sao Paulo Inst Math & Comp Sci POB 668 BR-13566590 Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509022533

model-driven software engineering (MDSE) has been successfully applied in order to accelerate the development of Web Services (WS). Despite the reported successes identified by a systematic mapping in this context, there was no reported method that takes advantage of modelling facilities outside the development phases by exposing the models as a feature to the end-users. Therefore, in this paper, we study how would be possible to push MDSE to be more than a method to accelerate development. In our envision, MDSE could be evolved into a paradigm suitable to create WS systems that present modelling principles from MDSE as features visible to the end-users while functioning employing tools originally meant for MDSE development for several other uses. We refer to these MDSE-evolved WS systems as model Oriented Web Services (MOWS). We also provide a pattern and a development process to guide the development of MOWS. This paper includes case studies that indicate evidences on its feasibility. We also discuss advantages, disadvantages and suitability for real world applications.

关键词： Adaptive Object Design Pattern Metamodel model driven software engineering model Interchange model Oriented Paradigm Web Services Web Services Development

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