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AIAA SciTech Forum

作者： Silva-Martinez, Jackelynne Barth, Timothy Beil, Robert Holladay, Jon Pawlikowski, Gerald NASA Hampton VA 23681 USA NASA NASA Engn & Safety Ctr Hampton VA USA Harlan Brown & Co Inc Crozet VA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

In order to meet the demands of the current global economy, a study of agile teams at NASA was conducted by the NASA engineering and Safety Center (NESC) to explore how the Agency can become more adaptable and flexible due to several influences, including the maturity and availability of digital tools and NASA's increased reliance on commercial providers. NESC Technical Discipline Teams (TDTs) perform annual studies to understand the needs of their stakeholders, establish a state of the discipline, and inform strategic planning efforts. As part of the 2022 interview series, the systems engineering TDT utilized the dissertation work of Dr. Jackelynne Silva-Martinez that focused on NASA agile teams. The systems engineering TDT partnered with the Software and Human Factors TDTs on the formulation of interview questions and subsequent solicitation of customer inputs, which helped attract diverse agile teams across the Agency. 34 participants were interviewed, including civil servants and contractors, with open-ended questions related to their teams' adoption and transition to agile. Participants were also questioned about their perceptions of the implementation of agile approaches across the Agency. Results showed a consistent framing of agile as incremental knowledge growth, a way of showing progress, and as the incorporation of frequent customer feedback. However, participants emphasized a lack of a common understanding of agile across the Agency, which sometimes caused managers and engineers to be reluctant to accept and support them. Results also showed the most successful agile teams had formal training with over five years of agile experience, used retrospectives, and tailored their agile processes for their specific situation and needs. This paper provides details of the interview responses gathered in the study and suggests actions for NASA to become more agile.

关键词： NASA model based system engineering Guidance, Navigation, and Control Software Development Human Factors engineering Space Shuttle Columbia Hardware Development Digital engineering Structural Dynamics Flight Software

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Link Analysis of Hybrid Free Space Optics and RF Communications via model-based systems engineering

Link Analysis of Hybrid Free Space Optics and RF Communicati...

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AIAA SciTech Forum

作者： Prigg, Brooke N. Raz, Ali K. George Mason Univ Fairfax VA 22030 USA George Mason Univ Syst Engn & Operat Res Fairfax VA 22030 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

The growing number of space assets populating Earth's orbit puts an increasing strain on resource allocation of ground communication antennas. Radio frequency (RF) communication with these satellites is possible through ground station antennas. The RF communication spectrum has become saturated to the point that it is not sustainable to constrain future ground antenna designs to exclusively communicate within the RF range. The under-utilized optical communication frequency band offers an alternative for ground station antenna to satellite communication. Free Space Optical (FSO) communication utilizes optical wavelengths to facilitate the transmission, and reception of free space signals. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Deep Space Network (DSN) has proposed a novel hybrid design to retrofit an existing 34-meter RF communication ground station antenna at the Goldstone Complex with FSO communication equipment to also receive optical signals. However, there are more challenges when it comes to establishing an FSO communication link compared to an RF communication link. Link margin analysis of an FSO communication link is essential when designing a complex ground communication system. This paper presents a single executable simulation model of the DSN's envisioned hybrid optical communication ground station that performs link margin analysis, and ground hardware configuration utilizing space asset data through Ansys' systems Tool Kit (STK). The DSN hybrid communication model further demonstrates how using model-baed systems engineering (MBSE) can overcome the atmospheric attenuation affecting an FSO communication link by varying ground station hardware constraints which facilitates ground station engineers to develop and build successful complex ground systems.

关键词： model based system engineering Geostationary Satellites Communications Antenna Ground Station Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex Optical Communications Links Earth Ground Communication system ANSYS National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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Creating a Universal Communication Standard to Enable Heterogeneous Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

Creating a Universal Communication Standard to Enable Hetero...

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AIAA SciTech Forum

作者： Lupp, Christopher A. Xu, Alexander Air Force Res Lab Air Vehicles Directorate Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Univ Dayton Res Inst Dayton OH 45469 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

Many modern engineering problems are inherently multidisciplinary, requiring input from a variety of subject matter experts. Each discipline may impose its own computational requirements, potentially conflicting with other disciplines. Compounding this, in many fields, experts use specific software that may not interface easily with other disciplines. Therefore, combining multiple fields into multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) may entail significant work on analysis tool interfaces. This paper proposes a standard data and communication interface for MDO applications. Requirements for such a standard are discussed before reviewing relevant technologies. The data conventions and communication protocol for the proposed standard, Philote, are detailed for both explicit and implicit disciplines. Numerical studies were conducted to benchmark performance and quantify latency as well as to demonstrate Philote's ability to operate over large geographical distances. Finally, the wider ramifications of the proposed standard are discussed with a particular focus on heterogeneous and cloud-native computing.

关键词： Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization Computing Approach Application Programming Interface Blended Wing Body OpenMDAO model based system engineering Extensible Markup Language Computational Fluid Dynamics Metadata Air Force Research Laboratory

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An Overview of the CREATE™ Applied Surrogates Institute

An Overview of the CREATE™ Applied Surrogates Institute

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AIAA SciTech Forum

作者： Wissink, Andrew Hariharan, Nathan US Army DEVCOM AvMC DoD HPCMP CREATE Air Vehicles PM AIAA Moffett Field CA 94035 USA DoD High Performance Comp Modernizat Program CREATE AIAA Alexandria VA 22079 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

Computational physics simulations are an important tool for accelerating the design and analysis of new aircraft and maintaining legacy weapons systems. The cost of high-fidelity simulations is prohibitive for the parametric analysis needed to develop systems engineering models, explore the design trade space, provide data to mission models, and quantify uncertainty and sensitivity to variable input conditions as part of a digital engineering (DE) ecosystem. As a result, most DE processes and mission models frequently use empirical models trained on older configurations and data sets for performance prediction. As faster-paced design and manufacturing become more prevalent, decisions made earlier in the program can have significant cost and schedule impacts later. Using computational physics models that represent the actual geometry and flight conditions, not empirical approximations, becomes increasingly critical. Surrogate models offer an opportunity to bring computational physics analysis into the DE ecosystem through trained models with fast inference using training data provided by HPC-based computational physics simulations. This paper summarizes a new effort initiated by the DoD HPCMP to pursue computational tools capable of producing production-quality surrogate models usable in DoD acquisition programs.

关键词： Uncertainty Quantification High Performance Computing model based system engineering Digital engineering Weapon systems Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Gaussian Process Regression Software Development Dynamic Mode Decomposition Design Optimization

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Standardizing technical understanding to support a robust, archivable and accessible digital thread - Supported by ISO 10303 STEP and IEC/ISO 81346 standards

Standardizing technical understanding to support a robust, a...

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AIAA SciTech Forum

作者： Hall, Kyle Taylor, Jonathan Airbus Operat Ltd Engn Methods Bristol BS34 7PA Avon England

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

Achieving a consistent Digital Thread concept demands a common sharing of technical understanding across an organization. These exchanges must confer knowledge and provide context between elements of both the physical and digitized product development lifecycles, while also providing accessibility between different product families for the reapplication/reuse of digital assets in the future. This paper begins by discussing literature guiding the determination of appropriate product life cycle approaches within an Enterprise Architecture, then proposes potential methods to realize such product life cycle approaches, through varied levels of governance for the implementation of standards including ISO 10303 STEP and IEC/ISO 81346 standards.

关键词： Digital engineering Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers model based system engineering Metadata Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Design Machine Learning Black Box Application Programming Interface Industrial Applications

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Improving Rule Mining for Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulations Using Knowledge Graphs

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION systemS 2022年第9期19卷 598-612页

作者： De Leon, Samalis Santini Selva, Daniel Way, David W. Texas A&M Univ Dept Aerosp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA NASA Langley Res Ctr Atmospher Flight & Entry Syst Branch D205 Hampton VA 23666 USA

Designing planetary entry, descent, and landing (EDL) systems requires analyzing large datasets containing tens of thousands of parameters. These datasets are generally manually analyzed by subject-matter experts trying to find interesting correlations and couplings between parameters that explain the behaviors observed. A popular approach to automate the extraction of explanation rules is association rule mining, in which rules with high statistical strength are mined from the dataset. However, current rule mining algorithms generate too many rules that are redundant, too complex, too obvious, or do not make sense to the user. In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the comprehensibility, insightfulness, and usefulness of the association rules generated during the analysis of an EDL dataset by leveraging a user-provided knowledge graph. The knowledge graph captures the user knowledge about EDL and the specific problem at hand. We then use a statistical relational learning framework based on probabilistic soft logic to assess the degree of consistency of the rule with the user's knowledge of the system. The method is validated in a small study with N=6 subject-matter experts. The results of the study also show interesting relationships between comprehensibility, usefulness, and insightfulness of the extracted rules.

关键词： model based system engineering Probability Density Functions Flight Path Angle Data Mining Algorithms Dynamic Pressure Aerodynamics Monte Carlo Simulation Terrain Relative Navigation Inertial Measurement Unit Artificial Intelligence

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An Extended MBSE Framework for Regulatory Analysis of Aircraft Architectures

An Extended MBSE Framework for Regulatory Analysis of Aircra...

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AIAA Aviation Forum

作者： Bendarkar, Mayank, V Harrison, Evan D. Fields, Taylor Glinski, Stephen Garcia, Elena Mavris, Dimitri N. Georgia Inst Technol Sch Aerosp Engn Aerosp Syst Design Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107047

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107047

A type certificate is a design approval issued by the FAA when the applicant demonstrates that an aircraft design complies with the applicable regulations. In prior work, the authors reported a model-based framework for the management of certification artifacts for 14 CFR Parts 23 and 25. The present work extends the transport category model and describes the features added to enable the identification of a certification basis and potential gaps for conventional and electrified aircraft. The regulatory model stereotype developed includes different structural elements and the three categories that trace from paragraph blocks - Regulation Requirement, Regulation Context, and Regulation Test. The automated extraction of certification bases for different aircraft is implemented using opaque actions within the Cameo simulation toolkit within MagicDraw. This is possible because the 14 CFR Part 25 model is enriched with metadata that captures the regulatory classifications, prescribed physical elements and their intended functions. Finally, the present work discusses the challenges encountered while instantiating this framework and automating the extraction of certification bases and gap analysis.

关键词： Aeroplane model based system engineering Federal Aviation Administration Hybrid Electric Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Metadata Structural Element Aircraft Design Process Fuel system Reciprocating Engine

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Applications of an MBSE Regulatory Framework to Electrified Aircraft

Applications of an MBSE Regulatory Framework to Electrified ...

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AIAA Aviation Forum

作者： Fields, Taylor M. Glinski, Stephen Harrison, Evan D. Bendarkar, Mayank, V Garcia, Elena Mavris, Dimitri N. Georgia Inst Technol Sch Aerosp Engn Aerosp Syst Design Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107047

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107047

As aircraft architectures become more modern, complex, and unique, it will be more difficult to ensure their compliance with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations throughout design, manufacturing, and operation. For an aircraft to be certified it must receive Type Certification from the FAA. This is a process which produces documentation that includes the proposed operating environment, certification basis, a compliance demonstration plan, and other compliance records. Prior work by the authors demonstrated a model-based framework for the management of these certification artifacts for normal category airplanes. In more recent work, the framework was expanded and adapted to consider certification for transport category airplanes regulated under 14 CFR Part 25, providing clear transparency and traceability between the text of the regulations and imposed requirements. Ultimately, this led to a framework with the ability to identify potential gaps in the applicability of regulations for novel architectures such as electrified aircraft. The potential gaps are identified based on mismatches between the functional intent and the corresponding prescribed physical implementation of the aircraft architecture at hand. This work implements the model-based regulatory framework on a set of case studies to observe it's capability for sample traditional, all electric, and hybrid electric architectures.

关键词： Hybrid Electric Aircraft model based system engineering Amphibious Aircraft Federal Aviation Administration Hybrid Electric Architectures Powerplant Fuel system Electric Engine Airworthiness Reciprocating Engine

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Functional Approach to a Fuel Cell Thermal Management system in Safety-Critical Applications

Functional Approach to a Fuel Cell Thermal Management System...

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AIAA Aviation Forum

作者： Voth, Viola Luebbe, Sascha Schaefer, Michael Berres, Axel Bertram, Oliver Inst Flight Syst German Aerosp Ctr DLR Dept Safety Crit Syst & Syst Engn D-38108 Braunschweig Lower Saxony Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781624107047

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107047

One promising approach to increase the environmental compatibility of future commercial aircraft is the use of fuel cell systems. In the future, these are to be integrated into the aircraft architecture, for example to supply aircraft systems with electrical power. In this context, one of the greatest challenges is the design of a safe thermal management system (TMS), since fuel cells produce a large amount of heat despite a high efficiency of over 50 %. This paper identifies the relevant interfaces and functions of the TMS using a function-based approach. In the first step, a functional structure of the fuel cell system is created within an MBSE model, which can be used to identify all the key interfaces to the TMS. In the next step, the functions of the TMS are determined. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented approach in a safety-critical application various architectures from the literature are analyzed. The considered functions and components are compared against the result of the functional design to identify potential blind spots of the different methods and existing literature.

关键词： Fuel Cells Thermal Management system model based system engineering Aircraft systems Commercial Aircraft Electrical Energy Mass Flow Electrical systems Fault Tree Analysis Heat Exchangers

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model-based Multidisciplinary systems Design Optimization of a Novel Solar MultiPurpose Drone Helicopter (SMPCOPTER)

Model-based Multidisciplinary Systems Design Optimization of...

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AIAA Aviation Forum

作者： Bataleblu, Ali Asghar Abedini, Arian Hassanalian, Mostafa Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Engn Bolzano Italy KN Toosi Univ Technol Dept Aerosp Engn Tehran Iran New Mexico Inst Min & Technol Dept Mech Engn Socorro NM 87801 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781624107047

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107047

During the last decade, energy use in the transportation and distribution sector has been greatly changed by remarkable growth in delivery drones in the direction of sustainable development. In this respect, this paper introduces a novel reconfigurable drone called "SMPCOPTER" by considering reliability and sustainability as paramount goals. The SMPCOPTER is a hybrid helicopter with puller-pusher rotors comprising a 2DOF tilting mechanism, a folding wing system covered with solar panels, and subsystems modularity enabling it to fly in three configurations an airplane, helicopter, and gyrocopter. The conceptual design of this novel configuration is performed by providing a bridge between model- based systems engineering (MBSE) and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) using MATLAB system Composer and doing co-simulation between considered disciplines such as propulsion, weight and balance, OpenVSP, and performance. A multi-objective MDO is executed to propose optimal feasible configurations by maximizing range, minimizing gross weight, and fulfilling stability constraints. The proposed configuration improves the reliability of delivery drones as well as the sustainability pillars by applying systems thinking within the design process.

关键词： Helicopter Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization Convertiplane model based system engineering Gyrocopter OpenVSP MATLAB Folding Wing High Altitude Long Endurance

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