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Automatic pattern-based consistency checking in model refactoring: introducing a formal behavioral preserving method

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INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2024年第1期20卷 65-84页

作者： Heidari, Saeedeh Ghaedi Ajoudanian, Shohreh Islamic Azad Univ Fac Comp Engn Najafabad Branch Najafabad Iran Islamic Azad Univ Big Data Res Ctr Najafabad Branch Najafabad Iran

Evolution is one of the most important parts of the software development process. One of the negative consequences of software development is design erosion. refactoring is a technique that aims to prevent this issue. Therefore, refactoring is an important software development process to promote software quality without changing its external behavior. refactoring at the model level is the same as refactoring at the code level and has similar advantages, and the only difference is that refactoring at the model level, due to its formation over the initial steps of software development process, has a greater impact on cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Timely and consistent utilization of this procedure in a software project has extremely positive long-term impacts, especially when this is done by its technical tools. Then, refactoring will be a rapid, easy, and safe way to promote software system quality. The main idea of this study is the automatic checking of consistency in model refactoring in order to retain model behavior using Alloy modeling language. Thus, by employing structural and behavioral patterns as a reusable and well-defined component, as well as consistency rules, this objective can be achieved.

关键词： model refactoring Behavior preservation Design patterns Consistency Alloy modeling language

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An integrated metamodel-based approach to software model refactoring

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2019年第3期18卷 2013-2050页

作者： Misbhauddin, Mohammed Alshayeb, Mohammad King Faisal Univ Informat Syst Dept Al Hasa 31982 Saudi Arabia King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Informat & Comp Sci Dept Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

Software refactoring is the process of changing a software system in a manner that does not alter its external behavior and yet improving its internal structure. model-driven architecture and the popularity of the UML enabled the application of refactoring at model level, which was earlier applied to software code. In this paper, we propose a multi-view integrated approach to model-driven refactoring using UML models. We selected a single model from each UML view at metamodel level to construct an integrated metamodel. We selected class diagram to represent the structural view, sequence diagram to represent the behavioral view and use case diagram to represent the functional view. We validated the proposed approach by comparing integrated refactoring approach with refactoring applied to models individually in terms of quality improvement through UML model metrics. Our results indicate that more bad smell instances can be detected using the integrated approach rather than the individual refactoring approach.

关键词： refactoring Metamodel UML model refactoring

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Recommending model refactoring Rules from refactoring Examples 18

Recommending Model Refactoring Rules from Refactoring Exampl...

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21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (modelS)

作者： Mokaddem, Chihab Eddine Sahraoui, Houari Syriani, Eugene Univ Montreal Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349499

models, like other first-class artifacts such as source code, are maintained and may be refactored to improve their quality and, consequently, one of the derived artifacts. Considering the size of the manipulated models, automatic support is necessary for refactoring tasks. When the refactoring rules are known, such a support is simply the implementation of these rules in editors. However, for less popular and proprietary modeling languages, refactoring rules are generally difficult to define. Nevertheless, their knowledge is often embedded in practical examples. In this paper, we propose an approach to recommend refactoring rules that we lean automatically from refactoring examples. The evaluation of our approach on three modeling languages shows that, in general, the learned rules are accurate.

关键词： model refactoring genetic programming by-example approach search-based software engineering

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A Catalogue of model Smells and refactoring Operations for Object-Oriented Software 2

A Catalogue of Model Smells and Refactoring Operations for O...

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International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT)

作者： Sidhu, Brahmaleen K. Singh, Kawaljeet Sharma, Neeraj Punjabi Univ Dept Comp Engn Patiala Punjab India Punjabi Univ Univ Comp Ctr Patiala Punjab India Punjabi Univ Dept Comp Sci Patiala Punjab India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538619742

The advent of model Driven Engineering has promoted software quality assurance activities to a higher level of abstraction than code, i.e. architectural models. Early quality assessment facilitates better design, reduces maintenance costs, manages requirement volatility and leads to faster software development. Less than optimal design decisions made during development and subsequent evolution introduce smells in the software. model refactoring uncovers smells at architectural level and transforms graphical representations of software to enhance design without affecting its observable behaviour. Focusing on object-oriented software systems, this paper presents a catalogue of smells and refactoring operations for UML class diagrams. The paper concludes by highlighting challenges in model refactoring and the potential of learning-based approach in automating the process.

关键词： Deep Learning model refactoring model Smells Software Quality

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UML model refactoring: a systematic literature review

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2015年第1期20卷 206-251页

作者： Misbhauddin, Mohammed Alshayeb, Mohammad King Faisal Univ Dept Informat Syst Al Hasa 31982 Saudi Arabia King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Informat & Comp Sci Dept Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

model-driven engineering, an emerging trend in software engineering, has enabled the use of refactoring to UML models. Numerous approaches to model refactoring, problem detection, consistency management, and tool support to automate and verify refactoring are discussed and distributed across numerous research literatures. This paper provides a systematic overview of existing research in the field of model refactoring. A total of 3,295 articles, related to the field of UML model refactoring, were extracted from well-known electronic databases. A multi-stage selection process was used to ensure proper inclusion of relevant studies for review and analysis. Ninety-four primary studies were eventually selected and analyzed based on a number of different criteria: UML models considered for refactoring, formalisms used to support refactoring at the model level, important to consider when building refactoring tool support, and the effect of refactoring on model quality. The results of this review indicate that UML model refactoring is a highly active area of research. Quite a few quality techniques and approaches have been proposed in this area, but it still has some important open issues and limitations to be addressed in future work.

关键词： model refactoring model transformation Systematic literature review UML

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From well-formedness to meaning preservation: model refactoring for almost free

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2015年第1期14卷 307-320页

作者： Steimann, Friedrich Fernuniv Lehrgebiet Programmiersyst D-58084 Hagen Germany

modelling languages such as the UML specify well-formedness as constraints on models. For the refactoring of a model to be correct, it must take these constraints into account and check that they are still satisfied after the refactoring has been performed-if not, execution of the refactoring must be refused. By replacing constraint checking with constraint solving, we show how the role of constraints can be lifted from permitting or denying a tentative refactoring to computing additional model changes required for the refactoring to be executable. Thus, to the degree that the semantics of a modelling language is specified using constraints, refactorings based on these constraints are guaranteed to be meaning preserving. To be able to exploit constraints available in the form of a language's well-formedness rules for refactoring, we present a mapping from these rules to the constraint rules required by constraint-based refactoring. Where there are no gaps between well-formedness and (static) semantics of a modelling language, these mappings enable structural refactorings of models at no extra cost;where there are, we identify ways of detecting and filling the gaps.

关键词： model refactoring Constraints

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Pragmatic model transformations for refactoring in Scilab/Xcos

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International Journal of modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第1期7卷 39-61页

作者： Umut Durak German Aerospace Center(DLR)Institute of Flight Systems Lilienthalplatz 7 Braunschweig 38108Germany

model-Based Development has become an industry wide standard *** an open source alternative,Scilab/Xcos is being widely employed as a hybrid dynamic systems modeling *** the increasing efficiency in implementation using graphical model development and code generation,the modeling and simulation community is struggling with assuring quality as well as maintainability and *** is defined as an evolutionary modernization activity where,most of the time,the structure of the artifact is changed to alter its quality characteristics,while keeping its behavior *** has been widely established as a technique for textual programming languages to improve the code structure and *** refactoring is also regarded as one of the key practices of model engineering,the methodologies and approaches for model refactoring are still under ***-Driven Modernization(ADM)has been introduced by the software engineering community as a model-based approach to software modernization,in which the implicit information that lies in software artifacts is extracted to models and model transformations are applied for modernization *** refactoring as a low level modernization task,the practices from ADM are ***,this paper proposes a model-based approach for model refactoring in order to come up with more efficient and effective model refactoring methodology that is accessible and extendable by *** other graphical modeling tools,Scilab/Xcos also possesses a formalized model specification conforming to its implicit *** than proposing another metamodel for knowledge extraction,this pragmatic approach proposes to conduct in place model-to-model transformations for refactoring employing the Scilab/Xcos model *** construct a structured model-based approach,the implicit Scilab/Xcos metamodel is explicitly presented utilizing ECORE as a *** a practical model

关键词： model refactoring Scilab/Xcos model engineering model transformations

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Performance-Based Software model refactoring in Fuzzy Contexts 18th

Performance-Based Software Model Refactoring in Fuzzy Contex...

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18th Int Conf on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering / Annual European Joint Conf on Theory and Practice of Software

作者： Arcelli, Davide Cortellessa, Vittorio Trubiani, Catia Univ Aquila I-67100 Laquila Italy Gran Sasso Sci Inst Laquila Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783662466759;9783662466742

The detection of causes of performance problems in software systems and the identification of refactoring actions that can remove the problems are complex activities (even in small/medium scale systems). It has been demonstrated that software models can nicely support these activities, especially because they enable the introduction of automation in the detection and refactoring steps. In our recent work we have focused on performance antipattern-based detection and refactoring of software models. However performance antipatterns suffer from the numerous thresholds that occur in their representations and whose binding has to be performed before the detection starts (as for many pattern/antipattern categories). In this paper we introduce an approach that aims at overcoming this limitation. We work in a fuzzy context where threshold values cannot be determined, but only their lower and upper bounds do. On this basis, the detection task produces a list of performance antipatterns along with their probabilities to occur in the model. Several refactoring alternatives can be available to remove each performance antipattern. Our approach associates an estimate of how effective each alternative can be in terms of performance benefits. We demonstrate that the joint analysis of antipattern probability and refactoring benefits drives the designers to identify the alternatives that heavily improve the software performance.

关键词： Software Performance model refactoring Performance Antipatterns

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model refactoring using examples: a search-based approach

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS 2014年第7期26卷 692-713页

作者： Ghannem, Adnane El Boussaidi, Ghizlane Kessentini, Marouane Ecole Technol Super Software Engn & IT Dept Montreal PQ Canada Univ Michigan CIS Dept SBSE Res Lab Dearborn MI 48128 USA

One of the important challenges in model-driven engineering is how to improve the quality of the models' design in order to help designers understand them. refactoring represents an efficient technique to improve the quality of a design while preserving its behavior. Most of existing work on model refactoring relies on declarative rules to detect refactoring opportunities and to apply the appropriate refactorings. However, a complete specification of refactoring opportunities requires a huge number of rules. In this paper, we consider the refactoring mechanism as a combinatorial optimization problem where the goal is to find good refactoring suggestions starting from a small set of refactoring examples applied to similar contexts. Our approach, named model refactoring by example, takes as input an initial model to refactor, a set of structural metrics calculated on both initial model and models in the base of examples, and a base of refactoring examples extracted from different software systems and generates as output a sequence of refactorings. A solution is defined as a combination of refactoring operations that should maximize as much as possible the structural similarity based on metrics between the initial model and the models in the base of examples. A heuristic method is used to explore the space of possible refactoring solutions. To this end, we used and adapted a genetic algorithm as a global heuristic search. The validation results on different systems of real-world models taken from open-source projects confirm the effectiveness of our approach. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software maintenance model evolution model refactoring refactoring by example heuristic method genetic algorithm

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Pattern-based model refactoring for the introduction association relationship

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JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2015年第2期27卷 170-180页

作者： Ben Ammar, Boulbaba Bhiri, Mohamed Tahar Sfax Univ Fac Sci Sfax Sfax Tunisia

refactoring is an important software development process involving the restructuring of a model to improve its internal qualities without changing its external behavior. In this paper, we propose a new approach of model refactoring based on the combined use of UML, B and CSP. UML models are described by class diagrams, OCL constraints, and state machine diagrams. We detail a refactoring pattern that allows for the introduction of an association relationship between two existing classes. We illustrate our proposal by giving a case study involving the SAAT (Software Architecture Analysis Tool) system. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： model refactoring UML B CSP Association relationship

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