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model-based engineering in the embedded systems domain: an industrial survey on the state-of-practice

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2018年第1期17卷 91-113页

作者： Liebel, Grischa Marko, Nadja Tichy, Matthias Leitner, Andrea Hansson, Jorgen Chalmers Univ Technol & Univ Gothenburg Software Engn Div Gothenburg Sweden Virtual Vehicle Res Ctr Graz Austria Univ Ulm Inst Software Engn Ulm Germany Univ Skovde Sch Informat Skovde Sweden

model-based engineering (MBE) aims at increasing the effectiveness of engineering by using models as important artifacts in the development process. While empirical studies on the use and the effects of MBE in industry exist, only few of them target the embedded systems domain. We contribute to the body of knowledge with an empirical study on the use and the assessment of MBE in that particular domain. The goal of this study is to assess the current state-of-practice and the challenges the embedded systems domain is facing due to shortcomings with MBE. We collected quantitative data from 113 subjects, mostly professionals working with MBE, using an online survey. The collected data spans different aspects of MBE, such as the used modeling languages, tools, notations, effects of MBE introduction, or shortcomings of MBE. Our main findings are that MBE is used by a majority of all participants in the embedded systems domain, mainly for simulation, code generation, and documentation. Reported positive effects of MBE are higher quality and improved reusability. Main shortcomings are interoperability difficulties between MBE tools, high training effort for developers and usability issues. Our study offers valuable insights into the current industrial practice and can guide future research in the fields of systems modeling and embedded systems.

关键词： model-based engineering model-driven engineering Embedded systems Industry modeling Empirical study State-of-practice

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model-based engineering for change-tolerant systems

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INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE engineering 2007年第4期3卷 237-257页

作者： Bohner, Shawn Ravichandar, Ramya Arthur, James Virginia Tech VPI & SU Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Developing and evolving today's systems are often stymied by the sheer size and complexity of the capabilities being developed and integrated. At one end of the spectrum, we have sophisticated agent-based software with hundreds of thousands of collaborating nodes. These require modeling abstractions relevant to their complex workflow tasks as well as predictable transforms and mappings for the requisite elaborations and refinements that must be accomplished in composing these systems. At the other end of the spectrum, we have ever-increasing capabilities of reconfigurable hardware devices such as field-programmable gate arrays to support the emerging adaptability and flexibility needs of these systems. From a model-based engineering perspective, these challenges are very similar;both must move their abstraction and reuse levels up to meet growing productivity and quality objectives. model-based engineering and software system variants such as the model-driven architecture (MDA) are increasingly being applied to systems development as the engineering community recognizes the benefits of managing complexity, separating key concerns, and automating transformations from high-level abstract requirements down through the implementation. However, there are challenges when it comes to establishing the correct boundaries for change-tolerant parts of the system. Capabilities engineering (CE) is a promising approach for defining long-lived components of a system to ensure some sense of change tolerance. For innovative initiatives such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s autonomous nanotechology swarms (ANTS), the development and subsequent evolution of such systems are of considerable importance as their missions involve complex, collaborative behaviors across distributed, reconfigurable satellites. In this paper, we investigate the intersection of these two technologies as they support the development of complex, change-tolerant systems. We present a

关键词： Change tolerance model-based engineering Capabilities engineering Complex systems Agent-based systems model-driven architecture Reconfigurable computing

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model-based engineering of CPPS in the process industries 15

Model-based Engineering of CPPS in the process industries

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15th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Bloch, Henry Fay, Alexander Knohl, Torsten Hensel, Stephan Hahn, Anna Urbas, Leon Wassilew, Sachari Bernshausen, Jens Hoernicke, Mario Haller, Axel Helmut Schmidt Univ Inst Automat Technol Hamburg Germany Bayer AG Leverkusen Germany Tech Univ Dresden Chair Proc Control Syst Proc Syst Engn Grp Dresden Germany INVITE GmbH Leverkusen Germany ABB Corp Res Operat Management Ladenburg Germany ABB Automat GmbH Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538608371

Most Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) research is devoted to the manufacturing industry, but the need for flexibility is an increasing trend in the process industry, too. Today's process automation systems (PAS) are not well-suited for quick adaptation of the plant, i.e. the addition, removal or change of physical components, such as filters, mixers, or reaction units. The authors have developed a model-based approach, which allows reconfiguring the PAS based on a model, which acts as a representative of the physical component. Thus, the model and the physical component together form a CPPS. In the paper, the requirements, the model structure, and the model content will be described, and a practical example will be presented.

关键词： Process automation CPPS service-oriented architecture model-based engineering

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model-based engineering FOR LASER WEAPONS SYSTEMS

MODEL-BASED ENGINEERING FOR LASER WEAPONS SYSTEMS

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Conference on Optical modeling and Performance Predictions V

作者： Panthaki, Malcolm Coy, Steve Comet Solut Inc Albuquerque NM USA Timelike Syst LLC Albuquerque NM USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487377

The Comet Performance engineering Workspace is an environment that enables integrated, multi-disciplinary modeling and design/simulation process automation. One of the many multi-disciplinary applications of the Comet Workspace is for the integrated Structural, Thermal, Optical Performance (STOP) analysis of complex, multi-disciplinary space systems containing Electro-Optical (EO) sensors such as those which are designed and developed by and for NASA and the Department of Defense. The Comet (TM) software is currently able to integrate performance simulation data and processes from a wide range of 3-D CAD and analysis software programs including CODE V (TM) from Optical Research Associates and SigFit (TM) from Sigmadyne Inc. which are used to simulate the optics performance of EO sensor systems in space-borne applications. Over the past year, Comet Solutions has been working with MZA Associates of Albuquerque, NM, under a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratories. This funded effort is a "risk reduction effort", to help determine whether the combination of Comet and WaveTrain (TM), a wave optics systems engineering analysis environment developed and maintained by MZA Associates and used by the Air Force Research Laboratory, will result in an effective model-based engineering (MBE) environment for the analysis and design of laser weapons systems. This paper will review the results of this effort and future steps.

关键词： model-based engineering laser weapons R&D integrated simulation environment systems engineering multi-physics simulation multi-fidelity simulation engineering analysis templates

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Gamifying model-based engineering: the PapyGame experience

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2023年第4期22卷 1369-1389页

作者： Bucchiarone, Antonio Savary-Leblanc, Maxime Le Pallec, Xavier Cicchetti, Antonio Gerard, Sebastien Bassanelli, Simone Gini, Federica Marconi, Annapaola Fdn Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Univ Lille Lille France Malardalen Univ Vasteras Sweden Univ Paris Saclay CEA List F-91120 Palaiseau France Univ Trento Trento Italy

modeling is an essential and challenging activity in any engineering environment. It implies some hard-to-train skills such as abstraction and communication. Teachers, project leaders, and tool vendors have a hard time teaching or training their students, co-workers, or users. Gamification refers to the exploitation of gaming mechanisms for serious purposes, like promoting behavioral changes, soliciting participation and engagement in activities, etc. We investigate the introduction of gaming mechanisms in modeling tasks with the primary goal of supporting learning/training. The result has been the realization of a gamified modeling environment named PapyGame. In this article, we present the approach adopted for PapyGame implementation, the details on the gamification elements involved, and the derived conceptual architecture required for applying gamification in any modeling environment. Moreover, to demonstrate the benefits of using PapyGame for learning/training modeling, a set of user experience evaluations have been conducted. Correspondingly, we report the obtained results together with a set of future challenges we consider as critical to make gamified modeling a more effective education/training approach.

关键词： model-based engineering Education Gamification Papyrus

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Guided architecture trade space exploration: fusing model-based engineering and design by shopping

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2021年第6期20卷 2023-2045页

作者： Procter, Sam Wrage, Lutz Carnegie Mellon Univ Software Engn Inst Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Advances in model-based system engineering have greatly increased the predictive power of models and the analyses that can be run on them. At the same time, designs have become more modular and component-based. It can be difficult to manually explore all possible system designs due to the sheer number of possible architectures and configurations;trade space exploration has arisen as a solution to this challenge. In this work, we present a new software tool: the Guided Architecture Trade Space Explorer (GATSE), which connects an existing model-based engineering language (AADL) and modeling environment (OSATE) to an existing trade space exploration tool (ATSV). GATSE, AADL, and OSATE are all designed to be easily extended by users, which enables relatively straightforward domain-customizations. ATSV, combined with these customizations, lets system designers "shop" for candidate architectures and interactively explore the architectural trade space according to any quantifiable quality attribute or system characteristic. We evaluate GATSE according to an established framework for variable system architectures, and demonstrate its use on an avionics subsystem.

关键词： Design space exploration Search-based system engineering model-based engineering Guided optimization Architecture analysis and design language (AADL) Open source AADL tool environment (OSATE) ARL trade space visualizer (ATSV)

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Enhancing a model-based engineering approach for distributed manufacturing automation systems with characteristics and design patterns

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2015年 101卷 221-235页

作者： Fay, Alexander Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Frank, Limo Eckert, Karin Hadlich, Thomas Diedrich, Christian Helmut Schmidt Univ Inst Automat Technol D-22043 Hamburg Germany Tech Univ Munich Inst Automat & Informat Syst D-80290 Munich Germany Otto Von Guericke Univ Inst Automat Magdeburg Germany

Recent trends in modern manufacturing, such as the growing need for flexibility and the increasing degree of automation in industrial facilities, require distributed control solutions. Implementations of such control schemas and underlying architectures come along with an exponential increase of the automation system's complexity. Therefore, methods for supporting automation engineers during the development processes are highly required. This paper presents an approach to supporting model-based engineering (MBE) of distributed manufacturing automation systems. The approach is based on the combination of notation, characteristics, and design patterns across multiple levels of an adapted development process. Accordingly, a prototypical support tool has been implemented. The modeling approach has been evaluated by case studies and additional usability experiments to determine the benefit of its application within the design of manufacturing automation systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： model-based engineering Distributed systems Manufacturing automation system

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model-based engineering for designing cyber-physical systems from product specifications

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COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY 2023年 145卷

作者： Parant, Alexandre Gellot, Francois Zander, Damien Carre-Menetrier, Veronique Philippot, Alexandre CReST UFR Sci Exactes & Nat F-51867 Reims France

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of independent and cooperative elements. Rapid adaptation to disturbances is an essential characteristic of CPS. One of the challenges in designing CPS is considering these specificities. model-based engineering is a method for reducing complexity in system design. This paper presents a methodology for designing CPS and its control system using System modeling Language (SysML) diagrams and IEC 61499 standard. The product's specifications are the starting point;the methodology focuses on what is produced before determining how to make it. The real-time control system is designed from high-level knowl-edge and tested software components on the plug and produce principle. Task-based structural analysis ensures the elements' synchronization to determine the system's general behavior.

关键词： Cyber-physical system model-based engineering System modeling language IEC 61499 Component-based design

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On the Needs and Challenges of model-based engineering for Spaceflight Software Systems 17

On the Needs and Challenges of Model-Based Engineering for S...

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)

作者： Pettit, Robert G. Mezcciani, Navneet Fant, Julie Aerosp Corp Chantilly VA 20151 USA Aerosp Corp El Segundo CA 90245 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

Spaceflight software continues to experience exponential growth as functionality migrates from hardware to software. The resulting complexity of these mission critical systems demands new approaches to software systems engineering in order to effectively manage the development efforts and ensure that reliability is not compromised. model-based systems / software engineering (MBE) approaches present attractive solutions to address the size and complexity through abstraction and analytical models. However, there are many challenges that must be addressed before MBE approaches can be effectively adopted on a large scale across an entire system. In this paper, we discuss some of the key motivators and challenges based on our experiences with flight software programs employing elements of MBE.

关键词： model-based engineering Systems engineering Software engineering Flight Software

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Multidisciplinary model-based engineering for Laser Weapons Systems: Recent Progress

Multidisciplinary Model-Based Engineering for Laser Weapons ...

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Conference on Optical modeling and Performance Predictions VI

作者： Coy, Steve Panthaki, Malcolm TimeLike Syst 2155 Louisiana Blvd NESuite 10700 Albuquerque NM 87110 USA CometSolut Albuquerque NM 87110 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496904

We are working to develop a comprehensive, integrated software framework and toolset to support model-based engineering (MBE) of laser weapons systems. MBE has been identified by the Office of the Director, Defense Science and engineering as one of four potentially "game-changing" technologies that could bring about revolutionary advances across the entire DoD research and development and procurement cycle. To be effective, however, MBE requires robust underlying modeling and simulation technologies capable of modeling all the pertinent systems, subsystems, components, effects, and interactions at any level of fidelity that may be required in order to support crucial design decisions at any point in the system development lifecycle. Very often the greatest technical challenges are posed by systems involving interactions that cut across two or more distinct scientific or engineering domains;even in cases where there are excellent tools available for modeling each individual domain, generally none of these domain-specific tools can be used to model the cross-domain interactions. In the case of laser weapons systems R&D these tools need to be able to support modeling of systems involving combined interactions among structures, thermal, and optical effects, including both ray optics and wave optics, controls, atmospheric effects, target interaction, computational fluid dynamics, and spatiotemporal interactions between lasing light and the laser gain medium. To address this problem we are working to extend Comet (TM), to add the addition modeling and simulation capabilities required for this particular application area. In this paper we will describe our progress to date.

关键词： model-based engineering laser weapons integrated simulation environment systems engineering multi-physics simulation multi-fidelity simulation engineering analysis templates

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