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12th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation

作者： Cimatti, Alessandro Khandaker, Shaker Kifetew, Fitsum Leone, Lorenzo Prandi, Davide Scaglione, Giuseppe Susi, Angelo Turboli, Orazio Fdn Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Rete Ferroviaria Italiana Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031753893;9783031753909

The development of railways applications must be supported by rigorous methodologies and trusted tools, able to cover the whole development process, from system design to its verification and validation. This paper describes a tool supported model-based methodology for testing railway Interlocking systems (IXL). The testing process starts with the specification of abstract test cases, that are independent of a specific railway plant, in a Controlled Natural Language (CNL). The abstract test cases are then specialized to specific railway plants and executed on simulated plants. The methodology also allows for the automated generation of test cases to complement manual test case specifications by the experts. The overall approach is supported by the tool TOSCA that allows to edit, execute, and report on the results of the tests. The approach is currently used by experts for testing IXL systems in the Italian railways.

关键词： Railways Interlocking Systems model-based testing Automated Test Case Generation

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Developing an Automated model-based Software testing Tool From the Design Phase

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 58548-58558页

作者： Alsarraj, Rasha Gh. Altaie, Atica M. Zuhair Majeed, Esra Univ Mosul Coll Comp Sci & Math Mosul 41001 Iraq Univ Mosul Coll Phys Educ & Sport Sci Mosul 41001 Iraq

Software testing involves a number of labor-intensive tasks that, to save resources, should be automated. model-based software testing is one of the most widely used methods of software quality assurance in the business world is model-based software testing. A potential starting point for creating test paths for testing the target software system is the UML model, which can intuitively explain the dynamic behaviors of a software system under testing. Unfortunately, the lack of strong tool support and automated generating methodologies has resulted in the dearth of practical model-based testing methods for industry practitioners. To address this issue, we suggest automated generation paths using a support tool. The present study proposes a tool for automatically generating test paths from IDEF and UML models to facilitate automated and model-based software testing. This is because early-stage software development process model-based testing was shown to be more efficient;the IDEF model, along with the rule flow model, was utilized in this study, which has never been used to create software test paths. The models were transformed into an XMI file for input, and nodes parser was utilized to construct the test scenarios and assess the active performance of the system. Next came the drawing of a control graph and, finally, the creation of test paths. The test paths generated were measured using a variety of coverage criteria, including edges, actions, branches, and paths. Using the electricity billing system as a case study, the proposed tool achieved high accuracy within authorized coverage limits.

关键词： Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling Software testing Software development management Accuracy Industries Complexity theory Software systems Process control Genetic algorithms Control graph coverage criteria IDEF model model-based testing rule flow model test paths

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A hybrid search and model-based approach for testing the self-adaptive unmanned aircraft system software

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2025年 93卷

作者： Javed, Zainab Iqbal, Muhammad Zohaib Khan, Muhammad Uzair Usman, Muhammad Jilani, Atif Aftab Ahmed Natl Univ Comp & Emerging Sci Natl Ctr Robot & Automat NCRA Dept Comp Sci UAV Dependabil Lab Islamabad Pakistan Quest Lab Islamabad Pakistan

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the deployment of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in critical missions like search and rescue, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. During a mission, the UAS experiences changes, referred to as interruptions, requiring self-adaptation, i.e., an adjustment in its behavior at run-time. This adaptation is crucial due to the mission's inherent critical nature involving engagement with humans, structures, and neighboring unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). testing the application software that defines its mission and behavior is mandatory to ensure the accurate adaptation of its behavior. For this, the primary challenge involves the flight of a UAS, followed by the identification of test cases ensuring the execution of necessary self-adaptive behaviors during a UAS flight. The current industrial practice of testing self-adaptive behaviors in UAS involves manual testing, a time-consuming method that restricts the execution to a limited set of test cases. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid approach to test the self-adaptive behavior of UAS application software. As part of the approach, we propose a modeling methodology to capture the application requirements for the UAS mission and the self-adaptive behavior. We then use the developed models and a search-based algorithm to automate the generation and execution of test cases. We have created a prototype tool to facilitate the automation of testing activities. The work is conducted in collaboration with an industrial partner and demonstrated through a case study of UAS formation flight application software. We have effectively modeled the case study concepts with the proposed modeling methodology. Employing our testing approach, we have detected ten unique faults within the formation flight application software. Additionally, statistical analysis indicates that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline random search in fault detection using a geneti

关键词： Unmanned aircraft system software Search-based software testing model-based testing Self-adaptive behavior Genetic algorithm

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model-based testing of apps in real network scenarios

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2020年第2期22卷 105-114页

作者： Panizo, Laura Diaz, Almudena Garcia, Bruno Univ Malaga Andalucia Tech Dept Lenguajes & Ciencias Computac Malaga Spain Univ Malaga Andalucia Tech Malaga Spain

Traditional testing methods for mobile apps focus on detecting execution errors. However, the evolution of mobile networks toward 5G will require additional support for app developers to also ensure good performance and user experience. Manual testing in a number of scenarios is not enough to satisfy the expectations of the apps' end users. This paper presents the testing framework developed in the TRIANGLE project (), which integrates a complete mobile network testbed to test, benchmark and certify mobile apps. In this paper, we focus on a recent extension of the TRIANGLE framework that uses model-based testing based on model checking to support the automatic generation of user interactions. We introduce the complete testing framework and the basis of the model-based extension. Finally, we use the testing framework to evaluate the performance of the ExoPlayer app in different network scenarios. ExoPlayer is a video streaming app for Android that implements different adaptive streaming protocols.

关键词： model-based testing Mobile network testbed model checking

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model-based testing of a real-time adaptive motion planning system

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ADVANCED ROBOTICS 2017年第22期31卷 1159-1176页

作者： Abdelgawad, Mahmoud McLeod, Sterling Andrews, Anneliese Xiao, Jing Univ Denver Dept Comp Sci Denver CO USA Univ North Carolina Charlotte Dept Comp Sci Charlotte NC 28223 USA

To enable effective and safe operations of autonomous robots in environments with unknowns and unpredictability, a key practical problem is how to test the functionality and assess the performance of real-time motion planning systems. This is a challenge because the underlying algorithms are real-time, sensing-based, and often non-deterministic. These systems' performance depends on task environments, which can vary in countless ways. Existing testing techniques are designed heavily based on testers' experience and hardly provide a good coverage of possible test scenarios. This paper introduces a systematic model-based testing (MBT) approach to evaluate the functionality and performance of a real-time adaptive motion planning (RAMP) system. The MBT approach uses the formal communicating extended finite state machine model to model RAMP's concurrent components and leverage graph traversal algorithms to systematically generate behavioral test cases. First, component integration is considered by modeling the RAMP components and their interactions. Next, system-level testing is considered by modeling mobile obstacles of unpredictable motion behavior. The behavior models are leveraged to generate Abstract Behavioral Test Cases, which are transformed by test data into executable test cases. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the systematic MBT approach to the evaluation of real-time robotic systems.

关键词： Autonomous robotic systems real-time motion planning model-based testing system testing component integration testing behavioral models

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model-based testing of software for automation systems using heuristics and coverage criterion

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS modelING 2019年第2期18卷 797-823页

作者： Sarmento Peixoto, Rodrigo Jose da Silva, Leandro Dias Perkusich, Angelo Univ Fed Alagoas Inst Comp Maceio Alagoas Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande Unidade Acad Engn Eletr Lab Sistemas Embarcados & Comp Pervas Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil

The aim of this work is to increase the confidence on software for automation systems defining a coverage criterion to measure the quality level of generated tests and the time interval needed to execute them. This coverage criterion called At Least N (ALN) is based on the Effect Predicate Heuristic (EPH) that provides all effect predicate for ISA 5.2 diagrams. The ALN and EPH have been incorporated into the Gungnir tool that was built using model-based testing concepts. The Gungnir uses timed automata to model the specification, in the ISA 5.2 diagrams, and the implementation, in the Ladder language. The timed automata models are automatically extracted, data tests are generated and the tool automatically verifies if the implementation is in conformance with the specification, given a quality level defined by the user.

关键词： model-based testing Conformance tests Automation systems Timed automata Programmable logic controllers Ladder ISA 5.2

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model-based testing of digital TVs: an industry-as-laboratory approach

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2017年第4期25卷 1185-1202页

作者： Sozer, Hasan Gebizli, Ceren Sahin Ozyegin Univ Sch Engn Nisantepe Mah Orman Sk 34-36 TR-34794 Istanbul Turkey Vestel Elect Manisa Turkey

model-based testing is a promising approach for increasing the efficiency of the testing process and for improving software quality. It has been employed in the industry for more than a decade. Nevertheless, there are still challenges regarding its application in different domains. Some of these challenges are general, while some others are domain-specific. In this paper, we explain our experiences in enhancing model-based testing for its adoption in the consumer electronics domain, in particular for Digital TV systems. We applied the so-called industry-as-laboratory approach to define/refine research problems and evaluate our research results. We summarize these results and provide an evaluation of relevant research problems for our context. We observed that the industry-as-laboratory approach is highly effective for industry-academia collaboration and technology transfer in the scope of model-based software testing.

关键词： Software testing model-based testing Case studies Industrial projects Industry-as-laboratory approach

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model-based testing strategies and their (in)dependence on syntactic model representations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2018年第4期20卷 441-465页

作者： Huang, Wen-ling Peleska, Jan Univ Bremen Dept Math & Comp Sci Bremen Germany Verified Syst Int GmbH Bremen Germany

model-based testing in its most advanced form allows for automated test case identification, test data calculation, and test procedure generation from reference models describing the expected behaviour of the system under test. If the underlying algorithms for test case identification operate only on the syntactic representation of test models, however, the resulting test strength depends on the syntactic representation as well. This observation is true, even if syntactically differing models are behaviourally equivalent. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to elaborating test case selection strategies that only depend on the behavioural semantics of test models, but are invariant under syntactic transformations preserving the semantics. The benefits of these strategies are discussed, and practical generation algorithms are presented.

关键词： model-based testing Equivalence class partition testing Languages Complete testing theories

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model-based testing approaches selection for software projects

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2009年第11期51卷 1487-1504页

作者： Dias-Neto, Arilo Claudio Travassos, Guilherme Horta Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Syst Engn & Comp Sci Program COPPE BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

Selecting software technologies for software projects represents a challenge to software engineers. It is known that software projects differ from each other by presenting different characteristics that can complicate the selection of such technologies. This is not different when considering model-based testing. There are many approaches with different characteristics described in the technical literature that can be used in software projects. However, there is no indication as to how they can fit a software project. Therefore, a strategy to select model-based testing approaches for software projects called Porantim is fully described in this paper. Porantim is based on a body of knowledge describing model-based testing approaches and their characterization attributes (identified by secondary and primary experimental studies), and a process to guide by adequacy and impact criteria regarding the use of this sort of software technology that can be used by software engineers to select model-based testing approaches for software projects. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software testing model-based testing Software technologies selection Experimental studies

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model-based testing of global properties on large-scale distributed systems

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2014年第7期56卷 749-762页

作者： Sunye, Gerson de Almeida, Eduardo Cunha Le Traon, Yves Baudry, Benoit Jezequel, Jean-Marc Lina Univ Nantes F-44322 Nantes 03 France Ctr Politecn Dept Informat BR-81531980 Curitiba Parana Brazil Fac Sci Technol & Commun L-1359 Luxembourg Luxembourg IRISA Rennes F-35042 Rennes France

Context: Large-scale distributed systems are becoming commonplace with the large popularity of peerto-peer and cloud computing. The increasing importance of these systems contrasts with the lack of integrated solutions to build trustworthy software. A key concern of any large-scale distributed system is the validation of global properties, which cannot be evaluated on a single node. Thus, it is necessary to gather data from distributed nodes and to aggregate these data into a global view. This turns out to be very challenging because of the system's dynamism that imposes very frequent changes in local values that affect global properties. This implies that the global view has to be frequently updated to ensure an accurate validation of global properties. Objective: In this paper, we present a model-based approach to define a dynamic oracle for checking global properties. Our objective is to abstract relevant aspects of such systems into models. These models are updated at runtime, by monitoring the corresponding distributed system. Method: We conduce real-scale experimental validation to evaluate the ability of our approach to check global properties. In this validation, we apply our approach to test two open-source implementations of distributed hash tables. The experiments are deployed on two clusters of 32 nodes. Results: The experiments reveal an important defect on one implementation and show clear performance differences between the two implementations. The defect would not be detected without a global view of the system. Conclusion: testing global properties on distributed software consists of gathering data from different nodes and building a global view of the system, where properties are validated. This process requires a distributed test architecture and tools for representing and validating global properties. model-based techniques are an expressive mean for building oracles that validate global properties on distributed systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. A

关键词： Software testing Distributed software model-based testing

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