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A model-driven approach to machine learning and software modeling for the IoT Generating full source code for smart Internet of Things (IoT) services and cyber-physical systems (CPS)

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2022年第3期21卷 987-1014页

作者： Moin, Armin Challenger, Moharram Badii, Atta Guennemann, Stephan Tech Univ Munich Dept Informat Munich Germany Univ Antwerp & Flanders Make Dept Comp Sci Flanders Belgium Univ Reading Dept Comp Sci Reading Berks England Tech Univ Munich Munich Data Sci Inst Munich Germany

models are used in both software engineering (SE) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). SE models may specify the architecture at different levels of abstraction and for addressing different concerns at various stages of the software development life-cycle, from early conceptualization and design, to verification, implementation, testing and evolution. However, AI models may provide smart capabilities, such as prediction and decision-making support. For instance, in Machine Learning (ML), which is currently the most popular sub-discipline of AI, mathematical models may learn useful patterns in the observed data and can become capable of making predictions. The goal of this work is to create synergy by bringing models in the said communities together and proposing a holistic approach to model-driven software development for intelligent systems that require ML. We illustrate how software models can become capable of creating and dealing with ML models in a seamless manner. The main focus is on the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), where both ML and model-driven SE play a key role. In the context of the need to take a Cyber-Physical System-of-Systems perspective of the targeted architecture, an integrated design environment for both SE and ML sub-systems would best support the optimization and overall efficiency of the implementation of the resulting system. In particular, we implement the proposed approach, called ML-Quadrat, based on ThingML, and validate it using a case study from the IoT domain, as well as through an empirical user evaluation. It transpires that the proposed approach is not only feasible, but may also contribute to the performance leap of software development for smart Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) which are connected to the IoT, as well as an enhanced user experience of the practitioners who use the proposed modeling solution.

关键词： model-driven software engineering Domain-specific modeling Analytics modeling Machine learning Internet of things Cyber-physical systems

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Towards Security Assurance in Round-Trip engineering: A Type-Based Approach

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2013年 292卷 83-94页

作者： Pavlich-Mariscal, Jaime A. Consuelo Franky, Maria Lopez, Ariel Pontificia Univ Javeriana Dept Ingn Sistemas Bogota Colombia Univ Catolica Norte Dept Ingn Sistemas & Comput Antofagasta Chile

Security assurance is a property that ensures that the application code behaves consistently with the access control policy specified at the design level. Security assurance proofs are valid as long as software engineers do not modify the generated code. This assumption does not hold in Round-Trip engineering, since programmers may modify the generated code and the models are automatically re-generated. This paper proposes a round-trip engineering approach for access control that preserves security assurance both when generating code from models and vice versa. The approach is to extend programming languages' typing mechanisms with additional rules that ensure consistency between models and code, even when code is arbitrarily modified by programmers. This paper presents a formal description of the solution and an initial sketch of the required proofs of correctness. Ongoing work is the development of a prototype to automate most of the process and its validation in a case study.

关键词： model-driven software engineering Round-Trip engineering Security Assurance Access Control

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Analyzing the industrial scalability of backwards compatible intralogistics systems

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PRODUCTION engineering-RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2018年第3-4期12卷 297-307页

作者： Aicher, Thomas Spindler, Markus Fottner, Johannes Vogel-Heuser, Birgit TUM AIS Garching Germany TUM Mat Handling Mat Flow Logist Garching Germany

The (re-)development of industrial production systems has to deal with high flexibility due to customers' demands as well as constraints such as the dimensions of the manufactory. Therefore, Intralogistics systems, which transport goods or products between machine tools in the production system, must also be flexibly assembled to fit into the given space. This presupposes that parts of the Intralogistics system, such as a belt conveyor, may be modified or exchanged by different ones and with less effort. Additionally, due to the different lifespans of mechanical, electrical and software components, often electrical devices need to be replaced by other ones during operation as a result of lacking availability thanks to shorter life cycles. Nowadays in industry, a manual adaptation of the control software is necessary after the exchange of an electrical/mechanical device with a newer one. In order to ease the software adaptation, in this paper an automatic analysis of the differences between incompatible software and an adaptation approach focusing on the functional behavior of the software is introduced. After identifying seven interaction points of the control software that need to be adapted, the approach is evaluated with an industrial case study and feedback from industrial experts to prove industrial scalability.

关键词： model-driven software engineering Automated production systems Intralogistics system software difference analysis

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Database reverse engineering based on meta-models

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OPEN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2014年第3期4卷 150-159页

作者： Ristic, Sonja Aleksic, Slavica Celikovic, Milan Dimitrieski, Vladimir Lukovic, Ivan Univ Novi Sad Fac Tech Sci Trg Dositeja Obradov 6 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia

Reengineering is one of the key concepts in software maintenance and evolution. It generally includes some form of reverse engineering followed by some form of forward engineering or restructuring. In the paper we focus on database reverse engineering. model-driven software engineering promotes the idea of abstracting implementation details by focusing on: models as first class entities and automated generation of models or code from other models. In the approach meta-models are used to define the modeling languages. A database reverse engineering process can benefit of integrating meta-modeling and meta-models in the process. The plethora of models related to databases points out to the need and importance of model-to-model transformations between these models at different abstraction levels. These transformations are based on meta-models that are conformed by the source and target models of the transformations. A database reverse engineering process can be performed through a chain of model-to-model transformations based on a set of meta-models. In the paper we discuss the importance of meta-modeling in the context of database reverse engineering and present a case study illustrating an approach to database reverse engineering.

关键词： database reverse engineering model-driven software engineering meta-models intensional database metamodels

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A systematic approach to constructing incremental topology control algorithms using graph transformation

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2017年 38卷 47-83页

作者： Kluge, Roland Stein, Michael Varro, Gergely Schuerr, Andy Hollick, Matthias Muehlhaeuser, Max Real Time Syst Lab Merckstr 25 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany Telecooperat Grp Hsch Str 10 D-64289 Darmstadt Germany Secure Mobile Networking Lab Mornewegstr 32 D-64293 Darmstadt Germany

Communication networks form the backbone of our society. Topology control algorithms optimize the topology of such communication networks. Due to the importance of communication networks, a topology control algorithm should guarantee certain required consistency properties (e.g., connectivity of the topology), while achieving desired optimization properties (e.g., a bounded number of neighbors). Real-world topologies are dynamic (e.g., because nodes join, leave, or move within the network), which requires topology control algorithms to operate in an incremental way, i.e., based on the recently introduced modifications of a topology. Visual programming and specification languages are a proven means for specifying the structure as well as consistency and optimization properties of topologies. In this paper, we present a novel methodology, based on a visual graph transformation and graph constraint language, for developing incremental topology control algorithms that are guaranteed to fulfill a set of specified consistency and optimization constraints. More specifically, we model the possible modifications of a topology control algorithm and the environment using graph transformation rules, and we describe consistency and optimization properties using graph constraints. On this basis, we apply and extend a well-known constructive approach to derive refined graph transformation rules that preserve these graph constraints. We apply our methodology to re-engineer an established topology control algorithm, kTC, and evaluate it in a network simulation study to show the practical applicability of our approach.

关键词： model-driven software engineering Graph transformation Graph constraint Topology control Static analysis Correct by construction

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MOD2-SCM: A model-driven product line for software configuration management systems

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2013年第3期55卷 630-650页

作者： Buchmann, Thomas Dotor, Alexander Westfechtel, Bernhard Univ Bayreuth Lehrstuhl Angew Informat 1 D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Context: software Configuration Management (SCM) is the discipline of controlling the evolution of large and complex software systems. Over the years many different SCM systems sharing similar concepts have been implemented from scratch. Since these concepts usually are hard-wired into the respective program code, reuse is hardly possible. Objective: Our objective is to create a model-driven product line for SCM systems. By explicitly describing the different concepts using models, reuse can be performed on the modeling level. Since models are executable, the need for manual programming is eliminated. Furthermore, by providing a library of loosely coupled modules, we intend to support flexible composition of SCM systems. Method: We developed a method and a tool set for model-driven software product line engineering which we applied to the SCM domain. For domain analysis, we applied the FORM method, resulting in a layered feature model for SCM systems. Furthermore, we developed an executable object-oriented domain model which was annotated with features from the feature model. A specific SCM system is configured by selecting features from the feature model and elements of the domain model realizing these features. Results: Due to the orthogonality of both feature model and domain model, a very large number of SCM systems may be configured. We tested our approach by creating instances of the product line which mimic wide-spread systems such as CVS, GIT, Mercurial, and Subversion. Conclusion: The experiences gained from this project demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to model-driven software product line engineering. Furthermore, our work advances the state of the art in the domain of SCM systems since it support the modular composition of SCM systems at the model rather than the code level. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： model-driven software engineering software product line engineering software configuration management Feature models Executable models model transformation Code generation

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Towards Development Platforms for Digital Twins: A model-driven Low-Code Approach

Towards Development Platforms for Digital Twins: A Model-Dri...

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International-Federation-of-Information-Processing-Working-Group-5.7 (IFIP WG 5.7) International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (APMS)

作者： Michael, Judith Wortmann, Andreas Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Software Engn Aachen Germany Univ Stuttgart Inst Control Engn Machine Tools & Mfg Units ISW Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030858742;9783030858735

Digital Twins in smart manufacturing must be highly adaptable for different challenges, environments, and system states. In practice, there is a need for enabling the configuration of Digital Twins by domain experts. Low-code approaches seem to be a meaningful solution for configuration purposes but often lack extension options. We propose a model-driven low-code approach for the configuration and reconfiguration of Digital Twins using language plugins. This approach uses model-driven software engineering and software language engineering methods to derive a configurable digital twin implementation. Moreover, we discuss some remaining challenges such as interoperability, language modularity, evolution, integration of assistive services, collaborative development, and web-based debugging.

关键词： Digital Twin Low-code platform model-driven software engineering software language engineering

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A Distributed Microservice Architecture Pattern for the Automated Generation of Information Extraction Pipelines

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SN Computer Science 2023年第6期4卷 833页

作者： Sildatke, Michael Karwanni, Hendrik Kraft, Bodo Zündorf, Albert FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Aachen Germany University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Companies often build their businesses based on product information and therefore try to automate the process of information extraction (IE). Since the information source is usually heterogeneous and non-standardized, classic extract, transform, load techniques reach their limits. Hence, companies must implement the newest findings from research to tackle the challenges of process automation. They require a flexible and robust system that is extendable and ensures the optimal processing of the different document types. This paper provides a distributed microservice architecture pattern that enables the automated generation of IE pipelines. Since their optimal design is individual for each input document, the system ensures the ad-hoc generation of pipelines depending on specific document characteristics at runtime. Furthermore, it introduces the automated quality determination of each available pipeline and controls the integration of new microservices based on their impact on the business value. The introduced system enables fast prototyping of the newest approaches from research and supports companies in automating their IE processes. Based on the automated quality determination, it ensures that the generated pipelines always meet defined business requirements when they come into productive use. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Architectural design Document classification Enterprise information systems Feature detection Information extraction model-driven software engineering software and systems modeling software metrics and measurement

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On-Demand Triple Modular Redundancy for Automotive Applications 18

On-Demand Triple Modular Redundancy for Automotive Applicati...

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18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)

作者： Stoffel, Martin Schindewolf, Marc Sax, Eric Torc Europe GmbH ECUs & Middleware Engn Stuttgart Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Techn Informationsverarbeitung Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358810;9798350358803

The vast majority of the automation of driving functions within automotive vehicles is currently not exceeding the sole assistance of a driver. Assistance means, that in the event of a malfunction, the human driver has to take over the driving task manually again. While for most of the existing driver assistant systems this fail over has to take place immediately, even recently launched highly automated driving systems, such as the drive pilot of Mercedes-Benz in 2018, still require the human driver to take over within a couple of seconds in the event of a fault. Therefore, the human driver is used as fall-back for a system up to Level 3 according to the SAE J3016 standard, which is not possible for vehicles where there is no driver anymore. Accordingly, Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as described in Level4 and Level5 in the standard need both, high reliability by minimizing the amount of faults and high availability by still being operational, even in the event of a fault. The same requirement is relevant in the avionic industry, and it is solved with a high amount of redundancy of the safety critical systems. While this works for big airplanes, automobiles are restricted regarding geometric limitation, power consumption limitation and cost limitation. This work contains an early indication of the realization of a fail-operational E/E-Architecture with a minimal amount of redundant components. This is possible by the usage of a modern service-oriented Architecture (SOA) in combination with modern ECUs.

关键词： Automotive E/E architecture SOA software engineering reconfiguration model-driven software engineering safety software product lines ISO26262

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Continuous Transition from model-driven Prototype to Full-Size Real-World Enterprise Information Systems 26

Continuous Transition from Model-Driven Prototype to Full-Si...

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Conference of the Association-for-Information-Systems (AMCIS)

作者： Gerasimov, Arkadii Michael, Judith Netz, Lukas Rumpe, Bernhard Varga, Simon Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781733632546

This paper presents our approach to create an executable prototype of an enterprise information system based only on a data structure model. This prototype, which is still easily adaptable and extendable, can be used for analysis exploration and builds a solid foundation for the final system. The presented approach transforms a data structure model to changeable and extendable graphical user interface models. In a second step, the data structure model and the GUI models are used to generate the resulting system. This approach allows the developer to generate (a) persistence, (b) basic application logic, (c) transportation layers, and (d) a variety of possible graphical representations for the prototype based only on a data structure model. Extensions and changes of the GUI are still possible on model and code level. This is possible by synthetization of GUI models and change operations defined in the same domain-specific language.

关键词： Domain-Specific Languages Generative software engineering Graphical User Interfaces model-driven software engineering MontiGEM

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